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Because of its high production efficiency and material utilization, appropriate metal flow distribution and compact crystal grain, it becomes very important in modern manufacture.
A large number of tetrahedral elements were used for the billet in this simulation so that the material flow was well represented in the critical regions of the die cavity for more accurate design.
The advantage of performing simulations is that no tooling has to be built and the number of experimental tryouts can be significantly reduced.

Mass Action Law and Arrhenius equation Based on a lot of experiments, in 1864 Guldberg and Wagge drew the conclusion that under certain temperature, the reaction rate of elementary reaction is proportional to the product of power whose base is the concentration of every reactant and index is the number of reaction molecules
In 1889, the Swedish chemist Arrhenius summarizes a large number of experimental facts and put forward the constants of reaction rate: （3） Because （4） is the conversion rate of reactant A Therefore： （5） By combing(2), (3), (4), (5), we can obtain（6） （6） a is the molar mass of the reactant A, L is the volume of the reactant A, T is the thermodynamic temperature.
[10]Yao Yaguang, Ji Wei, Ji Taijun Study on Transesterification between Waste Oils and Methanol or Ethanol Based by Acidity[J]Grain and Grease 2005,10: 20-22

（3）Complex admixture：slag,fly ash,natural mineral （4）Stone: 5mm～25mm gravel, crushed target of 4.8%, the grain shape is good, graded, in line with JGJ53-92 "concrete with crushed stone or gravel quality standards and inspection methods" requirements
Table 1 Concrete mixing ratio for sulfate erosion test Number concrete admixture sand stone water Superplasticizer M0 450 0 743 1027 170 1.5 M1,2 405 135 743 1027 170 1.5 The compressive strengt of the concrete has been testd according to GB/T50081-2002 "ordinary mechanical properties of concrete test method standards".
Table 2 Concrete test for sulfate erosion Number Compressive strength after 28ds’ standard curing (MPa) Compressive strength after 28ds’ immersing (MPa) Compressive strength after 56ds’ immersing (MPa) A B C A B C M0 64.1 68.8 64.6 61.2 74.9 72.8 68.7 M1,2 64.6 73.3 76.9 75.6 75.5 73.9 73.9 Results and discussion From Table 2 , the compressive strength of the concrete with admixture mineral and without admixture mineral has been compared after 28ds’ and 56ds’ immersing in water(A),5 % NaSO4 (B)and 5% MgSO4(C) solution,as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

It is known that thin films deposited by pulsed-laser ablation using ultraviolet light are uniform and have a smaller number of droplets due to the high energy of the light [1-2].
It is relatively easy to control the thickness of the thin film, because the thickness is proportional to the number of light pulses.
The grain size distribution of the thin film deposited in O2 gas including oxygen radicals was relatively uniform and the surface was flat.

A number of methods have been developed for the preparation of Mg(OH)2 materials with different morphologies [7-9].
Nearly all diffraction peaks can be indexed as the hexagonal structure of Mg(OH)2 (JCPDS file number 7-239).
Moreover, the peaks of the samples are broadened due to the small grain size of the Mg(OH)2 particles.

Table 1 Uniform design table U12（124） Group number Cement content（%） Waste residue content（%） Sand ratio（%） Water content（kg） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 9 8 10 1 2 4 7 6 3 5 12 14.64 13.91 13.55 14.27 11.00 11.36 12.09 13.18 12.82 11.73 12.45 15.00 8 7 2 12 10 5 6 4 9 1 11 3 55.60 55.18 53.07 57.29 56.39 54.34 57.76 53.92 56.02 52.65 56.87 53.49 2 12 3 6 4 11 1 5 8 7 10 9 42.30 45.90 42.60 43.70 43.00 45.50 42.10 43.40 44.40 44.10 45.20 44.80 10 8 2 4 7 3 5 12 1 9 11 6 158 154 142 146 152 144 148 162 140 156 160 150 There are twelve groups with six blocks contained in each group, and then we test the blocks’ intensity after 7d’s steam curing.
Table 2 Technical index of the lightweight aggregate hollow block Number Name of the index Unit Technical index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Apparent density Water absorption Relative water content Softening coefficient Carbonization coefficient Strength loss of the frost resistance Mass loss of the frost resistance kg/m3 % % % % % % 1020 7.4 35.0 0.81 0.93 9.0 2.0 Note: The frost resistance makes 15 times freeze-thaw cycles.
Table 3 Analysis table of the inspection number in regression equation Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 4.731 9 .526 1.193 .536 Residual .881 2 .441 Total 5.612 11 Table 4 Residual statistics in analysis table of the inspection number Minimum Maximum Mean Std.
Fly ash is a pozzolana material which owns a certain potential chemical activity, and under certain conditions the large number of active component (active SiO2, Al2O3) in the aluminosilicate vitreous and Ca(OH)2 occur pozzolana reaction , generating a certain strength of cementitious material.
Because the content of fly ash is large, the moisture content of raw materials of which is difficult to control,if the water is insufficient, the vibrating should not be close-grained and the block is easy to crack, and fly ash can not make full hydration.

The final polishing was performed with a diamond paste showing 1µm grains. a) b) c) Fig. 1: Specimens geometries: a) DLCspecimen; b) and c) specimens with circumferential notches 10 mm and 2 mm respectively.
The amplitudes were varied to achieve different life times (number or cycles to failure).
The experimental observations show that visible macro cracks appear on the surface of DLC-specimens after Pt. 1 during a relatively small number of cycles.
Finally, for the prediction of the cyclic life time of Al2024 the function of the plastic stored energy [8] 40 80 120 160 0 100 200 300 400 500a) Stress, [MPa] Number of cycles, [-] Tension Compression 12 1 10 100 1000 1E-3 0,01 0,1 ∆εp, [-] NR, [-] Experimental (DLC) Coffin-Manson Desmorat-Lemaitre b) Fig. 2: Mechanical response of DLC specimens: a) absolute maximum value of tension and compression stresses in a particular cycle ( 120;0063.0 = =∆ R p ( ε ); b) amplitude of plastic strains pε∆ versus number of cycles to rupture R( . ( ) ( ) D t mm s w C dtrr m A br Rw ≤+ −−= ∫ − ∞ 2 0 1 4 3 )exp(1 X& (1) has to be calibrated.
All important physical quantities, such as the number of cycles to rupture or the location of crack initiation, are realistically predicted.

The peak at 1580 cm -1 assigned to G band due to SP2 cluster configuration inside the film, while the peak at 1350 cm -1 assigned to D band is due to disorder configuration of the grain boundaries.
The wave numbers at 1300-1220 cm -1 could be attributed to C-C bending modes both sp 2 and sp3 carbon.
"CP1" represents partial coating of DLC film on lithium metal electrode which dimension of each 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Si wafer(520cm -1 ) Intensity[Arb.Unit] Raman shift (cm-1) G band (1580) D band (1350) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 arometic SP 2 , C-C SP 3 , CH2 Transmittance( arb. unit) Wave number (cm -1 ) SP 2 , C-C 2820, 2890 Olefinic SP 2 /Sp 3 DLC coating sector is 1.5 × 1.5mm.
Table 1 shows the irreversible capacity and the cycle number which observed eighty percent of initial capacity for four different of surface morphologies aforementioned.
Comparison of irreversible capacity and the cycle number which shows 80% of initial capac ity for various surface coating morphologies on Li electrode sample item L0 CH CP1 CP2 Irreversible capacity (mAh/g) 12 6 15 10 The cycle number which shows 80% of initial capacity 15 10 26 30 Fig. 4 compares the change in surface morphology between bare lithium electrode and DLC film partially coated lithium electrode.

According to its different causes of occurring, noise can be divided into Gaussian noise, impulse noise, grain noise.
After the sorting is completed, if the number of elements is odd, then take the middle value as the value of the output; If the number of elements is even, then take the mean of two number located in the middle of the group as the output.
In accordance with the characteristics of the image itself, there exist a large number of identical or similar gray areas in the image, and these areas usually appear in a same location.
PSNR=10 (1) Wherein u (m, n) is the gray value of the original image; v (m, n) is the gray value of filtered image, and M, N are the numbers of horizontal and vertical pixels.

Nevertheless a number of works show discrepancies in the temperatures and even in the type of magnetic reorientation transitions [6-8].
This procedure was chosen in order to provide favorable conditions for growing large enough single crystalline grains.
The average RE-Fe exchange interaction energy is reduced, because the number of Fe nearest neighbors decreases with the increase of x, and as a consequence, the Curie temperature of the RFe9Ti single crystals is usually lower than the TC of RFe11Ti single crystals by 12-15K.