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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zao Li, Xiao Guang Shan
One of the important design techniques in the modern landscape is to make use of contrast and harmony, specifically, design the landscape elements such as hills and rocks, buildings, sky, water, plants and pavements, to obtain the desired configuration solution.
This shows that the greening, water features and constructional landscape easily gain recognition of people in a residential area and the buildings with relatively high density, roads and landscape facilities are not readily welcomed by people.
Establish Evaluation Natural harmony Greening Economic practicality Road Beautiful and interesting constructional landscape Water Building Sky Ancillary facilities Fig. 5.
Through the expert weight method, prepare the weight judgment matrix table in combination with the summary of classic cases home and abroad and the professional design standards.
The harmonious combination of the waterscape with other landscape elements can greatly satisfy people’s demand for closeness to water and art appreciation, adding brilliance to the improvement of overall environment quality of the residential area.
This shows that the greening, water features and constructional landscape easily gain recognition of people in a residential area and the buildings with relatively high density, roads and landscape facilities are not readily welcomed by people.
Establish Evaluation Natural harmony Greening Economic practicality Road Beautiful and interesting constructional landscape Water Building Sky Ancillary facilities Fig. 5.
Through the expert weight method, prepare the weight judgment matrix table in combination with the summary of classic cases home and abroad and the professional design standards.
The harmonious combination of the waterscape with other landscape elements can greatly satisfy people’s demand for closeness to water and art appreciation, adding brilliance to the improvement of overall environment quality of the residential area.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Stefania Liuzzi, P. Stefanizzi
It can be also produced by mixing the raw components together with a specific amount of water.
is not water-resistant It must be sheltered against rain and frost, especially in its wet state.
is ideal for do-it-yourself construction Earth construction techniques can usually be executed by non-professionals people.
absorbs pollutants It is a fact that earth walls can absorb pollutants dissolved in water.
Fig. 26 shows the water vapour resistance coefficient (µ).
is not water-resistant It must be sheltered against rain and frost, especially in its wet state.
is ideal for do-it-yourself construction Earth construction techniques can usually be executed by non-professionals people.
absorbs pollutants It is a fact that earth walls can absorb pollutants dissolved in water.
Fig. 26 shows the water vapour resistance coefficient (µ).
Online since: January 2006
Authors: Han Zhu
It should be mentioned here that all the measurements and testing reported
in Table 1 were carried out by trained professionals and the job quality was good.
/cu ft) 8.3 cm (3.25") 33.2 15 1.80 MPa (260 psi) 2.55 MPa (370 psi) 3.03 MPa (440 psi) * extra water was added, **extra water was added the second time.
SRP project is to repair water cannel by spraying rubber shot-crete.
Various mid-rang and high-range water reducers have been tried.
Yet, at least one type of high-range water reducer has worked satisfactorily.
/cu ft) 8.3 cm (3.25") 33.2 15 1.80 MPa (260 psi) 2.55 MPa (370 psi) 3.03 MPa (440 psi) * extra water was added, **extra water was added the second time.
SRP project is to repair water cannel by spraying rubber shot-crete.
Various mid-rang and high-range water reducers have been tried.
Yet, at least one type of high-range water reducer has worked satisfactorily.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Hua Xing Chen
Project Background
The karst (also known as the Karst) is a soluble rock in the chemical and physical dissolution in water, producing grooves, cracks and voids, and because the collapse of cavity roof , so that the surface generated sinkhole, depression and other phenomena and effects in general.
Table 2, Karst ground subsidence prediction reference standard Basic Conditions The main factors Level factors Index points Water - collapse Power Water level (40 points) Water level can fluctuate between soil, rock interface up and down 40 Water level cannot fluctuate between soil, rock interface up and down 20 Covering layer- collapse substance Properties and soil structure of soil(20 points) Clay soil 10 Sandy soil 20 Weathered sandstone and shale 10 Pluralistic structure 20 The thickness of soil layer (10 points) <10m 10 10-20m 7 >20m 5 Karst collapse and storage conditions Geomorphology (15 points) Plains, valleys, karst depression 15 Valley slopes, hills 5 The degree of development of karst(15 points) Funnel, depressions, sinkholes, melting tank, stone teeth, shafts, underground rivers, caves more 10-15 Funnel, depressions, sinkholes, melting tank, stone teeth, shafts, underground rivers, caves scarce 5-9 3.4Majia highway Karst VenueStability Zoning Majia highway Karst venuestability
(2) karst water-rich region and excretion belt
Karst moderate growth area Basically stable area 5 K9+500-K12+300 Groundwater in fractured water main ,fissure poor permeability.
[3] Liu Ruming, engineering geology karst areas in Yunnan highway analysis,Highway Engineering Geology, China Institute of highway engineering geological professional committee, 1997 Section 3 [4] Highway roadbed design specifications(JTG D30-2004)
Table 2, Karst ground subsidence prediction reference standard Basic Conditions The main factors Level factors Index points Water - collapse Power Water level (40 points) Water level can fluctuate between soil, rock interface up and down 40 Water level cannot fluctuate between soil, rock interface up and down 20 Covering layer- collapse substance Properties and soil structure of soil(20 points) Clay soil 10 Sandy soil 20 Weathered sandstone and shale 10 Pluralistic structure 20 The thickness of soil layer (10 points) <10m 10 10-20m 7 >20m 5 Karst collapse and storage conditions Geomorphology (15 points) Plains, valleys, karst depression 15 Valley slopes, hills 5 The degree of development of karst(15 points) Funnel, depressions, sinkholes, melting tank, stone teeth, shafts, underground rivers, caves more 10-15 Funnel, depressions, sinkholes, melting tank, stone teeth, shafts, underground rivers, caves scarce 5-9 3.4Majia highway Karst VenueStability Zoning Majia highway Karst venuestability
(2) karst water-rich region and excretion belt
Karst moderate growth area Basically stable area 5 K9+500-K12+300 Groundwater in fractured water main ,fissure poor permeability.
[3] Liu Ruming, engineering geology karst areas in Yunnan highway analysis,Highway Engineering Geology, China Institute of highway engineering geological professional committee, 1997 Section 3 [4] Highway roadbed design specifications(JTG D30-2004)
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xiao Jie Chen
Effect of planting area, plant community distribution, water system, micro topographic condition on the whole ecological environment of the city is very outstanding, but also directly affect the construction monomer design.
In the sports building using renewable energy examples have occurred in our country for a period of time, such as Wuhan Ying Tung natatorium, Fujian swimming Museum and Kunming Normal College Swimming pool, using solar water heating system heating energy saving water loss.
George had held 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games swimming competition Polytechnic University swimming pool, as shown in Figure 3, a huge barrel which approximately 3000 square metres of arch roof is composed of 2856 blocks of solar semiconductor crystal board, the photoelectric system at a cost of $5200000, the two part of the solar crystal photoelectric plate which is composed of a heat collecting plate and solar hot water system the edge angle of the smaller, in fact it is built as a demonstration and research project, the experiments show that, quite ideal use effect, solar panels can provide hot water for constant flow like water pool, photoelectric system could be generating 400000 kwh per year.
In addition, the solid waste, water saving, wastewater treatment and water recycling system of comprehensive utilization of wetland landscape, environment and other environmental protection measures will be with the technology become the good choice for sports facilities construction.
The scale of construction advanced guidance and advice in areas such as venue construction management system of Guangdong sports are often is more conservative, while the professional Consultants Co for sports architecture planning intervention is likely to increase scientific scale control.
In the sports building using renewable energy examples have occurred in our country for a period of time, such as Wuhan Ying Tung natatorium, Fujian swimming Museum and Kunming Normal College Swimming pool, using solar water heating system heating energy saving water loss.
George had held 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games swimming competition Polytechnic University swimming pool, as shown in Figure 3, a huge barrel which approximately 3000 square metres of arch roof is composed of 2856 blocks of solar semiconductor crystal board, the photoelectric system at a cost of $5200000, the two part of the solar crystal photoelectric plate which is composed of a heat collecting plate and solar hot water system the edge angle of the smaller, in fact it is built as a demonstration and research project, the experiments show that, quite ideal use effect, solar panels can provide hot water for constant flow like water pool, photoelectric system could be generating 400000 kwh per year.
In addition, the solid waste, water saving, wastewater treatment and water recycling system of comprehensive utilization of wetland landscape, environment and other environmental protection measures will be with the technology become the good choice for sports facilities construction.
The scale of construction advanced guidance and advice in areas such as venue construction management system of Guangdong sports are often is more conservative, while the professional Consultants Co for sports architecture planning intervention is likely to increase scientific scale control.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Qing Kun He, Chang Ying Shi
It was discussed that marine faces and continental facies, oxidation environment and reducing environment, the depth of water and salinity influence on sedimentary rock, respectively.
Then the influence of marine faces, continental faces, oxidation environment, reducing environment and the depth of water and salinity on sedimentary rock was discussed respectively.
Moreover, sedimentary structure meticulous can not be observed through drilling cores and professional drilling data obtained is not abundant.
It has been widely used the content of Fe, Mn, Sr, Ba, B, Ga, Rb, Co, Ni, V etc and the ratio of Sr/Ba, Fe/Mn, V/Ni, Fe3+/Fe2+ to distinguish marine faces and continental faces, oxidation environment and reducing environment, the depth of water and salinity as well as other sedimentary characteristics.
Then the influence of marine faces, continental faces, oxidation environment, reducing environment and the depth of water and salinity on sedimentary rock was discussed respectively.
Moreover, sedimentary structure meticulous can not be observed through drilling cores and professional drilling data obtained is not abundant.
It has been widely used the content of Fe, Mn, Sr, Ba, B, Ga, Rb, Co, Ni, V etc and the ratio of Sr/Ba, Fe/Mn, V/Ni, Fe3+/Fe2+ to distinguish marine faces and continental faces, oxidation environment and reducing environment, the depth of water and salinity as well as other sedimentary characteristics.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Xue Yi Zhao, Bin Fan
Synthetically considering a stock of factors, including environment, energy, water, air quality indoors, materials and building yard, which have a significant impact on the whole environmental performances of constructions.
Picture 4 Chinese Green building design label Evaluation methods Evaluation system of green building in China covers six indicators in Fig 1 and Fig 2: earth conservation and outdoor environment, energy conservation and utilization, water conservation and utilization, wood conservation and material energy conservation, quality of indoor environment and operation management.
Fig.1 Residential green building rating requirements Grade Ordinary items(Total 40) Preferences Land conservation and outdoor environments (Total 8) Energy conservation and energy use (Total 6) Water conservation and water use (Total 6) Materials conservation and material resource use (Total7) Indoor environmental quality (Total 6) Operations management (Total 7) ☆ 4 2 3 3 2 4 — ☆☆ 5 3 4 4 3 5 3 ☆☆☆ 6 4 5 5 4 6 5 Grade Ordinary items(Total 43) Preferences Land conservation and outdoor environments (Total 6) Energy conservation and energy use (Total 10) Water conservation and water use (Total 6) Materials conservation and material resource use (Total 8) Indoor environmental quality (Total 6) Operations management (Total 7) ☆ 3 4 3 5 3 4 — ☆☆ 4 6 4 6 4 5 6 ☆☆☆ 5 8 5 7 5 6 10 Fig.2 Public green building rating requirements Comparing to evaluation systems of green building abroad Contrasting with the BREEAM of Britain All our six indexes
Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building Land conservation and outdoor environments Energy conservation and energy use Water conservation and water use Materials conservation and material resource use Indoor environmental quality Operations management BREEAM Land Use Energy Water Materials Health and comfort Management Traffic Pollution Ecological value Fig.3 Comparison between Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building and BREEAM The advantages of BREEAM are: firstly, indexes of system is clear and considerate which can be better accepted and operated by the public; secondly, this system is open and transparent that the public can be directly involved in supervision; thirdly, with flexible adaptability, evaluation items can be adjusted and improved properly on the basis of different time, different areas and make better amelioration with the time. fourthly, its an application to life cycle, in which various environmental performances will be all ranged; fifthly, the
Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building Land conservation and outdoor environments Energy conservation and energy use Water conservation and water use Materials conservation and material resource use Indoor environmental quality Operations management BREEAM Sustainable development and site selection Energy and Atmosphere Efficient use of water resources Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation and Design Fig.4 Comparison between Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building and LEED To LEED, the vertical and horizontal extension and coverage and the combination of evaluating and guiding function, makes it form a complete chain in evaluation standard and have a promising market further.What's more, it's clear in system structure, professional standard in content, easily accepted and understood in methods, and simply operating in process.
Picture 4 Chinese Green building design label Evaluation methods Evaluation system of green building in China covers six indicators in Fig 1 and Fig 2: earth conservation and outdoor environment, energy conservation and utilization, water conservation and utilization, wood conservation and material energy conservation, quality of indoor environment and operation management.
Fig.1 Residential green building rating requirements Grade Ordinary items(Total 40) Preferences Land conservation and outdoor environments (Total 8) Energy conservation and energy use (Total 6) Water conservation and water use (Total 6) Materials conservation and material resource use (Total7) Indoor environmental quality (Total 6) Operations management (Total 7) ☆ 4 2 3 3 2 4 — ☆☆ 5 3 4 4 3 5 3 ☆☆☆ 6 4 5 5 4 6 5 Grade Ordinary items(Total 43) Preferences Land conservation and outdoor environments (Total 6) Energy conservation and energy use (Total 10) Water conservation and water use (Total 6) Materials conservation and material resource use (Total 8) Indoor environmental quality (Total 6) Operations management (Total 7) ☆ 3 4 3 5 3 4 — ☆☆ 4 6 4 6 4 5 6 ☆☆☆ 5 8 5 7 5 6 10 Fig.2 Public green building rating requirements Comparing to evaluation systems of green building abroad Contrasting with the BREEAM of Britain All our six indexes
Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building Land conservation and outdoor environments Energy conservation and energy use Water conservation and water use Materials conservation and material resource use Indoor environmental quality Operations management BREEAM Land Use Energy Water Materials Health and comfort Management Traffic Pollution Ecological value Fig.3 Comparison between Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building and BREEAM The advantages of BREEAM are: firstly, indexes of system is clear and considerate which can be better accepted and operated by the public; secondly, this system is open and transparent that the public can be directly involved in supervision; thirdly, with flexible adaptability, evaluation items can be adjusted and improved properly on the basis of different time, different areas and make better amelioration with the time. fourthly, its an application to life cycle, in which various environmental performances will be all ranged; fifthly, the
Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building Land conservation and outdoor environments Energy conservation and energy use Water conservation and water use Materials conservation and material resource use Indoor environmental quality Operations management BREEAM Sustainable development and site selection Energy and Atmosphere Efficient use of water resources Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation and Design Fig.4 Comparison between Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building and LEED To LEED, the vertical and horizontal extension and coverage and the combination of evaluating and guiding function, makes it form a complete chain in evaluation standard and have a promising market further.What's more, it's clear in system structure, professional standard in content, easily accepted and understood in methods, and simply operating in process.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Kang Huang, Kai Lai Wang
In this paper, the author builds the virtual prototype mold of an inline four-cylinder engine in ADAMS, and then analyse the engine’ torsional vibration applying the professional simulation which is referred to as “RANK CONCEPT Analysis”.
[4] Wenzhi Gao, Minghai Li: Course design of internal combustion engines (Publishing House of China water resources and hydropower, Beijing 2010).
[4] Wenzhi Gao, Minghai Li: Course design of internal combustion engines (Publishing House of China water resources and hydropower, Beijing 2010).
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Rong Gang Shi, Zhan Yong Wang, Xiu Ping Yan, Juan Li
After properly removing the water and riser, the ingot is forged with large ratio by tons or more class hydraulic press.
Fig 1 Smelting and casting process Fig 2 Performance test sample figure The heat treatment after forging, using 920 ~ 950 ℃ normalizing, 600 ~ 700 ℃ tempered way to eliminate stress, supplied good organization and preparation for performance heat treatment and machining .Performance heat treatment using quenching and tempering form, process is as followings: 100/350℃ 1H/50mm 870/970℃ Air cooling 1H/25mm 600/700℃ Air or furnace cooling While quenching, using professional aids to enhance quenching cooling-capacity to ensure access to good organization and performance.
Fig 1 Smelting and casting process Fig 2 Performance test sample figure The heat treatment after forging, using 920 ~ 950 ℃ normalizing, 600 ~ 700 ℃ tempered way to eliminate stress, supplied good organization and preparation for performance heat treatment and machining .Performance heat treatment using quenching and tempering form, process is as followings: 100/350℃ 1H/50mm 870/970℃ Air cooling 1H/25mm 600/700℃ Air or furnace cooling While quenching, using professional aids to enhance quenching cooling-capacity to ensure access to good organization and performance.