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Fig.1 Grain-size curves for rock-fill materials Table 1 Physical properties of the rock-fill sample.
The different experiment projects are: a: The number of net metal band layers, illustrated in Fig. 2.
To evaluate the effects of the net band inclusions on residual deformation of the reinforced rock-fill materials, the improved Shen Zhujiang model is introduced (1) (2) (3) (4) Where is the residual volume strain; is the residual shear strain; γd is the amplitude of dynamic shear strain; Sl is the stress level; N is the number of cyclic; n is the coefficient associated with stress level; c1、c2、c3、c4、c5 are the test parameter, respectively.
For different reinforcement spacing, the relationship of residual shear strain γr and residual volume strain εvr with the number of cyclic are shown in Fig. 5.
That is, for the given the initial stress and dynamic stress, the residual deformation increases with the increase number of cycles.

Results showed that with increasing Si content martensite got coarsening and the number and content of primary carbide increased; The type of primary carbide was M7C3 and Si mainly dissolved into martensite by XRD analysis; The wear resistance was effectively improved while Si content increased.
It can be seen from the Fig. 3 that carbide grain size was less than 1µm and distributed homogeneously which is helpful to improve the wear resistance when the content of silicon ranged from 1.0% to 2.0%.
Table 2 presented the percentage by weight of carbides extracted from the structure of the specimens and the type of carbides in the structure is shown in the Fig. 4.: Table 2 Effect of silicon content on the percentage of carbides(wt%) Specimen Number 1 2 3 Mass Percentage of carbides 4.23 5.38 5.97 The mass percentage of carbides extracted from the specimens during the same heat treatment was increasing when the content of silicon ranged from 1.0% to 2.0%, as shown in Table 2.
Table 3 The wear volume loss and relative wearability of specimens Specimen Number Wear volume loss V/mm3 Relative wearabilityε 1 0.1103 1 2 0.0679 1.62 3 0.0575 1.92 Table 3 showed the effect of silicon content on the wear resistant of the samples.

This stabilization effect was attributed to Ag atoms redistribution as structure defects, increase in the numbers of Cu-Al pairs due to Ag-Al interaction and the Al atoms redistribution around one Cu atom at the sub-lattice of the martensitic crystal.
On ageing, Ag diffusion from bulk to α phase grain boundaries will produce some Agrich precipitates and increase the Al relative fraction available to combine with Cu [4].
So, this stabilization effect may be attributed to Ag atoms redistribution as structure defects, increase in the numbers of Cu-Al pairs due to Ag-Al interaction and the Al atoms redistribution around one Cu atom at the sub-lattice of the martensitic crystal.
This stabilization effect was attributed to Ag atoms redistribution as structure defects, increase in the numbers of Cu-Al pairs due to Ag-Al interaction and the Al atoms redistribution around one Cu atom at the sub-lattice of the martensitic crystal.

In consideration of wetting and foaming capabilities of the foam, a new kind of foaming agent with high foam expansion and wetting ability is developed after a large number of filtering and compound experiments by the ROSS-Miles method and water film flotation process method.
After the experiments of the foaming ability and the wetting ability to different dust grains with different particle diameters, the results show that the new foaming agent can reduce the surface tension of solid and liquid materials rapidly with good foaming and wetting abilities.
In this paper, through a large number of experiments, we optimize and mix highly efficient foam dust suppression foaming agent, determine the optimum proportion of addition, and establish a large-scale experiment system in the laboratory to prepare the dust suppression foam.
Experimental Materials By comprehensively considering the foaming, solubility, cost, environmental protection and other factors of surfactant, select 12 surfactants from a large number of surfactants, with the active substance content of 92% to 95%.
Xuzhou tap water is odorless with the colority less than 5, turbidity less than 0.5, PH = 7.2 and oxygen saturation of 73-78%; the water is of high hardness, where there are a large number of Ca2+, Mg2+ and other multivalent cations.

Due to their superior thermomechanical performance and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures, advanced silicon nitride ceramics with elongated reinforcing grains have been considered for hot-section components in advanced microturbines to achieve the stated goals.
Reported results are uncensored because fractography analysis was only conducted to identify strength-limiting flaws for limited number of samples via optical and scanning electronic microscopy.
As for the machined SN281 rotor hub samples the strength limiting flaw was associated with the very large elongated grains (~100-150 µm long and 10-15 µm diameter).
The presence of these large elongated grains is very typical for SN282 silicon nitride due to its high sintering temperature.

For example, number of the adhered cells to the nanorough surface with TiO2 nanotubes increases by 400% in comparison to microcrystalline Ti [8].
The nanocrystalline sinter, due to a large volume of the grain boundaries is easily etched and hence this specific morphology is obtained.
Depositing at –5 V (e) results in thicker coating composed of highly cracked HA grains.
The cracking leads to lamellar morphology, higher roughness and formation of lamellar form of the Ca–P grains.

Ottawa sand, consisting of rounded silica grains.
The bottom of the scratch seems tormented probably due to the nature of thermal spray coatings which has a lamellar grain structure.
The size and the flake-like aspect of the debris are probably due to the lamellar grain structure of the coating resulting from the rapid solidification of small powder particles, flattened by striking the substrate at high velocities.
The increase of the number of erodent particles results in an increase of the material removal rate.

In addition, TiAl phase (g) undergoes significant grain growth, which in practice, impedes or even renders treatment impossible.
In order to improve the properties of TiAl phase (g) its alloys are usually added with three groups of elements improving plasticity (chromium, manganese and vanadium), high-temperature creep resistance and corrosion resistance (niobium, tantalum, tungsten and molybdenum) and those causing grain size reduction (boron, carbon, silicon, oxygen and lanthanides).
The samples for microscopic metallographic tests were subjected to grinding with abrasive paper designated 80, 320, 1000 and 2500, followed by polishing by means of polishing cloths with an addition of diamond and, next, corundum slurry with a grain size of 3 and 0.05 mm respectively.
The strength of the brazed joints made of alloy TiAl - g (TiAl48Cr2Nb2) is conditioned by the number of intermetallic phases precipitating during a brazing process.

In addition, there are no martensitic kinetic models containing initial austenite grain size effect.
Therefore, we made an empirical kinetic model including austenite grain size term for the martensitic transformation of AISI 5120 steel as a modified Zener-Hillert type formula [22,23]
( ) 0 1 0 1 2 1 G b b G a a G M M M dY Y Y dT α β × + × + × = ⋅ ⋅ − (6) where G indicates the ASTM grain size number and α, β, a0, a1, b0, and b1 optimization parameters.

The polished sample was then analyzed using a Hitachi SU70 equipped with HKL Channel5 software to determine the morphology of grains, phases present, and crystallographic orientation using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis.
The MP1 region in the left shows huge grains that are mostly FCC (94.94 %), which is much higher than the as-printed samples (55.7 % [2]).
A higher volume fraction of the FCC phase reflects a more ductile material due to a larger number of independent slip systems [7], which is also the goal when solutionizing heat treatment was applied.
EBSD analysis of the heat-treated samples revealed huge FCC grains in the MP1 region and a refined acicular martensite microstructure in the MS1 region.