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Sliding mode with chattering reduction in sampled data systems.
Chattering reduction of disturbance observer based sliding mode control.

As the porosity shrinkages, the strength exponentially rises,  in particular, industrial users (contractors, suppliers of materials, etc.) are increasingly led to request such tests, and the type of experimental data they expect can be quite different from what is expected by people who draft regulations or develop numerical models[6].
The reduction of density was due to the increase of total porosity in the lightweight concretes, which also induced higher gas permeability and chloride diffusion coefficient[7].
The reduction in the surface tension of the water by the SRA reduces the capillary pore forces that cause shrinkage, thus reducing the drying shrinkage of the concrete.

A schematic layout of the servomotor (permanent magnet d.c. motor) and gear reduction is shown in Fig.1.
Fig.1.Servo plant schematic (D.C. motor and gear reduction) The electrical and mechanical parameters are as follows: []-armature resistance ;[H]-armature inductance ; [Nms/rad]-motor torque constant and [V/rad/s]-motor voltage constant for the permanent magnet DC motor; [Nms2]-armature inertia ;[Nms2]-load inertia ;[Nms/rad]-armature frictional coefficient;[Nms/rad]-load frictional coefficient; low gear ratio;-resistant moment refered to the rotor shaft.
The Simulink/MATLAB software(Fig.9.) is in accordance with the design and the analysis of a nonlinear closed-loop system and with help of the Win Con software, a data acquisition board, it is a possibility to control in real-time a servomechanism or an industrial robot.

Data collected and analyzed could be used as reference in equipment lubrication system diagnosis management, contributing to improvements in tribological techniques and equipment maintenance.
Fig. 6 Super AWS Type Hydraulic Oil Development for Sludge Reduction Performance of Tribology Management The practice of tribology management system in China Steel is primarily for maintaining proper lubrication for mechanical components, preventing sudden equipment failures, and extending useful life of equipment.
The final result is oil compatibility confirmation, material number reduction, procurement source increase, and oil cost decrease.

Acquired diffraction data was then analyzed with TSL OIM Analysis 5 commercial software.
In the first step, investigated alloy was cold rolled to 50 % of thickness reduction.
Cold rolling was carried out on sexton-type rolling mill (with Ø85 mm working rolls) at 2 m/min constant velocity and 10 % reduction per pass.

About transmitting a torque, many reports have studied on reduction of improvement of the maximum transmission torque and the cogging torque [1-7].
(c) In the case when the gear gap and the required step out torque are given, the data are calculated by Eq. 6-13.
Hirata, Cogging Torque Reduction Method of a Magnetic-Geared Motor, Proceedings of MAGDA 2011, pp.343-348, (2011) [5] M.

Where the catalyst serves as a material that can increase the rate of oxidation and reduction reactions.
The results of the XRD NiZnFe2O4 pattern have a diffraction peak (220) (311) (400) (422) (511) (440) samples according to JCPDS data reference No.45-0131 in range of 20⁰ - 80⁰ [6].
This is because the longer the irradiation time the more photon energy hits the photocatalyst surface so that more holes and electrons are produced. for pure MB solution, the degradation of the dye because there is no photocatalyst which encourages the reduction-oxidation reaction[11].

Then its reduction down to ρ = 0.328 g/cm3 takes place.
Thus, during the steel powder treatment the fracture of large agglomerates happens (Fig. 3, a, b, c.); at the MT of the BC powder a significant reduction of particle size takes place (Fig. 3, d, e, f); the CG powder has a particle size less than 4 µm, so no particle refinement was observed; moreover colloidal nature of the filler causes the change in the values of the bulk density due to probable agglomeration of the CG particles.
Quantitative data, as well as SEM-images of coating microstructure are presented in table 1.

EBSD data was collected using a high resolution FEI FEGSEM Quanta 3D equipped with TSL software.
The mean grain size is about 1.9 mm, what indicates that two additional passes of ECAP caused almost 2.5 times reduction of grain size.
Although, reduction of grain size was observed after 3rd passes of ECAP, shape of the grains and lower dislocation density may indicate that the dynamic recrystallization occurred, since the ECAP process was conducted at 200°C.The same behavior was observed by Kim at all in [7].

Introduction Higher breakdown voltage devices based on 4H-SiC enable simplified circuit designs with simultaneous increase in efficiency and reduction in the size and weight of power converters and power systems.
This reduction in VT -mA indicates towards the physical shortening of the channel length and/or manifestation of the short-channel effects (SCEs), which scales up for the lower Lch. [3] The difference in VSD at Vgs, 0 V and -5 V, in figure 2(b) further confirms an increase in the channel leakage as Lch is scaled from 0.8 to 0.5 µm for both Tox of 50 and 65 nm.
Variations in the threshold voltage plotted in figure 5(b) are based on the five-point sweep measurements carried out on wafers representing gate-oxide splits of 50 and 65 nm, while the data plotted in Figure 2 and Figure 6 is from spot-test measurements carried out at wafer level covering all devices, using an IP tester and automatic probe set-up. [13] Fig. 5.