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The growing interest in engineering applications has prompted an increasing number of investigations of SMA material behavior in the past decade.
Overview of Experimental Findings The micro-tubes are commercially available (Shape Memory Application, Inc., USA) polycrystalline NiTi with grain sizes of 30-50 nm.
It could be attributed to the autocatalytic effect due to the strong interaction of different stress-induced martensite products in the grain size or even smaller microscopic length scales.

Thin films of these multiferroic materials have been prepared by a number of groups to explore the structural, electrical and magnetic properties for possible applications [18-21].
Film topography, surface morphologies, surface roughness and grain size measurements of the films were done by AFM studies.
These observations revealed that the film has dense, crack free and uniform surface morphology with the average grain size of 200 nm.

The particle is W7 Al2O3 with primary mean grain size of 6.3µm.
Based on the conclusions from the preliminary experiments, four important variables are identified, namely the number of cycles, abrasive percentage concentration, abrasive mesh size, and media type.
The SEM images of grinding surface and abrasive jet finishing surface machined with 10% grain weight concentration slurry are shown in Fig.4.

Introduction Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood composite material manufactured from veneers that are rotary peeled, dried and laminated together with parallel oriented grains under heat and pressure with a waterproof adhesive [1].
And the lay angle between the weft of fiberglass mesh and the veneer grain was 30°.
Table 1 The orthogonal test design of adding position of fiberglass mesh Test no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 First crevice +1 +1 +1 +1 0 0 0 0 Second crevice +1 +1 0 0 +1 +1 0 0 Third crevice +1 +1 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 Fourth crevice +1 0 +1 0 +1 0 +1 0 Fifth crevice +1 0 +1 0 0 +1 0 +1 Sixth crevice +1 0 0 +1 +1 0 0 +1 Notes: the "+1" signified a layer of fiberglass mesh was added to the crevice; the "0" signified the fiberglass mesh did not add to the crevice; the first crevice was the crevice between the both veneers in the bottom of LVL; the other five crevices were numbered from the first crevice.

The addition of Co can provide some special properties for Ni–Co–P alloy coatings, such as good resistance to grain coarsening, anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation properties [6-9].
The wear resistance of the coating was improved with the increase of both the content of Si3N4 in the coating and hardness of the coating, because the coating was strengthened by the dispersion of large numbers of Si3N4 in the coating.
With the increase of temperature, electrochemical polarization was decreased, and the crystal grain of nickel became larger.

This type of grain was produced for the first time by the firm 3M.
Table 1 Specification of wheels Number 1# 2# 3# Size(mm) Ø400×20×Ø127 Abrasive type SG SG PA Specific pore volume 13.5% 14.4% 13.4% Grit Size #80/100 Table 2 Conditions for grinding tests Machine PROFIMAT MT408 Workpiece speed 30~120mm/min Wheel velocity 30m/s Cooling Mode Emulsified liquid; 5%dilution; 180L/min； Pressure at 1.8MPa Grinding width 10mm Table 3 Parameters of dressing Dresser Wheel velocity (m/s) Workpiece speed（mm/min） Depth（mm） Passes of dressing Single point diamond 30 400 0.05 8 The resistance dynamometer of KISTLER9272 and charge-amplifier of was used to measure grinding forces, while a single-pole thermocouple was utilized to measure grinding temperature in the test.
Grains of SG abrasive characterize perfect abrasiveness owing to the micro-crystalline structure and isotropy of physic-mechanical properties and also the ability of self-ageing proceeding on a micro scale.

The grinding pressure is changed by increasing the number of carriers.
Fig. 3: The final roughness of quartz substrate During the experiment found that the surfaces lapped with the 1000# Al2O3 demonstrate a rough processed state with the material removed by the breakdown of the grain boundary, the whole grain is removed from the work-piece, and the brittle mode is the main removal mechanism.

During works on injection of frictional rocks, the injection mixture fills the pores between grains of the rock.
Determination of granulometry One of the basic parameters related to raw materials used for sealing the dam is granularity which should meet the requirements of the standard ČSN 75 2410 (grain line is located in area No. 2, or No. 1, Fig. 5).
It can be stated that the use of energy by-product to repair existing earth dams by using the technology of mixture injection based on clays has great potential, especially in the current situation in which there is a large number of small dams which no longer fulfill their original function very effectively.

The bearing capacity fall sharply, and produce a large number of collapsible deformation, the formation of holes.
According to the technical specification for construction of highway roadbed, rice fields or perennial water zone, with fine grained soil filling height above 6 m and other areas filled soil or rock fill embankment height, when more than 20 m, according to the high fill embankment construction.
The bottom and the surface using fine grained soil or contain a small amount of mixed of gravel soil.

Both alloys are in the form of 50 µm thick foils and have similar phase composition and similar average grain size.
In the case of 0C404, there is in addition a large number of smaller particles (a few hundred nanometers in size).
Both alloys form transition-metal oxide particles at the gas/scale interface, the number and size of the particles increasing between 150 and 500 hours.
They argued that it is due to the fast diffusion of Mg through the oxide grain boundary [3].
Especially, investigations involving simpler alloy systems (with a smaller number of alloying elements) would be helpful.