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Introduction Dissimilar to thermal spraying processes, the working temperature of gas dynamics in kinetic spraying is too low to cause thermally activated processes such as melting, solid-state phase transformation, grain growth, and high temperature oxidation [1].
Substrate Pore 100� 7� No deformation RT Substrate Pore 100�100� 7� No deformation RT ���� 450� ��� ����� 1R�GHIRUPDW�RQ 3RUH �������� 450� ������ ����� 1R�GHIRUPDW�RQ 3RUH 100� Deformation occurs only at the interface No deformation 550 � 10� Pore 100� Deformation occurs only at the interface No deformation 550 � 10� 100�100� Deformation occurs only at the interface No deformation 550 � 10� Pore � Typical vein structure And liquid drops Interfacial melting 10� Liquid Jetting Powder preheating temperature[�] A number of fractured particle [local melting] A number of deformed particle [interface melting] RT 450� 550� Severely deformed splat 25� Vein patterns Liquid drop Typical vein structure And liquid drops Interfacial melting 10� Liquid Jetting Interfacial melting 10� Liquid Jetting 10� Liquid Jetting Powder preheating temperature[�] A number of fractured particle [local melting] A number of deformed particle

Text can be decomposed into a number of featured items to express, generally included in the basic text language units (words, phrases, words or phrases) which indicate that the text D can be expressed as D=D(t1, t2… tn), Where t1, t2…. tn represent each feature items;3.
Results Of Comparison Experiment Of Feature Selection Methods Earn Acq Money-fx Grain ECE 0.793 0.814 0.852 0.854 CHI 0.851 0.838 0.816 0.783 WE 0.782 0.842 0.828 0.849 OR 0.857 0.894 0.871 0.887 According to the results it is clear that when the value for binary classification, OR item selection method relative to other features of the method, the greater the advantage.
Traditional and TF-IDF formula, TF value tfjk means the Statistics Number which feature items tj appears in the document dk.
If this number was given different coefficients depending on the location, the feature items for different importance in different locations can also be reflected.
Therefore, the position of the previously described nine coefficients were given: λ1, λ2......... λ9.Then the number of times each statistical feature items that appear in different locations:tf1 , tf2,.......tf9.

The lake basin shrank and water became shallow and the edge of multi-Delta basin formed a single entity, shaping a braided lake forwarding delta sediment system, of which the nearby distributaries channel shore were mostly thick-massive fine-grained sandstone [1].
Grained fine contains mica feldspar sandstone.
The authigenic quartz is the gap filling occurrence, illite has been distributed in intergranular, chlorite pore lining occurrence, siliceous and feldspathic to increase output or to grain filling in pore, zero base, particle, point - line contact, cementation type is mainly the pore type, etc. 1.3 Feature of the reservoir physical property 1.3.1 Porosity features According to the porosity analysis of 232 samples in the Dongrengou region, the maximum porosity of Chang 2 reservoir is 21.4% and the minimum is 4.7%, the average is 14.9%.
Table 3 Results of composite plugging organic and inorganic acid blockage plugging core number formula（%） permeability（μm2） damage（%） effect（%） CLO2 HCL HF K0 K1 K2 K3 K4 17-1 3.0 12 2 101.20 0.13 31.86 50.25 56.37 99.87 55.7 17-2 3.5 14 2 99.85 0.11 38.07 62.49 68.50 99.89 68.6 17-3 4.0 16 3 97.64 0.09 41.36 68.06 74.99 99.91 76.8 17-4 4.5 18 3 105.10 0.14 50.14 80.39 89.12 99.87 84.8 17-5 5.0 20 4 106.40 0.15 55.32 82.68 91.40 99.86 86.9 According to experimental data in table 3, the composite plugging acid solution is effective in removing organic and inorganic blockage.
Project number: 2013JK0877.

A number of MWNTs were observed pulled out from the alumina matrix.
The alumina grains became more rounded and more pores (indicated by arrows) could be found in Fig.3B.
On the fracture surface, MWNTs were observed pulled out from the matrix, but their number was relatively less compared to the number of MWNTs in Fig.2B.
This lower density and fewer numbers of pulled-out MWNTs caused the catastrophic decrease in bending strength.

On the basis of numerical methods, the mutually dependent parameters or variables are solved in the finite number of the nodal points of the discretization mesh in calculated domain.
The numerical methods enable us to find the solution of the physical variable for the specific number of discrete sites (nodes) in relation to the selected differential mesh (finite element mesh) and it is in connection with the whole domain and surface part of the created geometrical model.
The basic principle of FEM is based on the fact that the arbitrary continuous variable (e.g. temperature, velocity, etc.) is substituted by discrete model which is defined as a set of continuous functions (polynomials) with reference to finite number of sub-domains (elements).
The searched functions are approximated by polynomials in the boundaries of the each one sub-domain in such a way that the coefficients of the approximating polynomials are expressed by the values of searched function in the finite number of the nodal element points.
After the evaluation of the nine samples under the different stresses on the basis of the temperature and time effect, it can be concluded that stainless steel (designated as STN 17 248) is able to operate for short time (for ~1 hour) at 900°C, but when the holding time is increased at the same temperature, the grain coarsening is observed and it can have negative influence on corrosion resistance as well as mechanical properties of the tested material.

Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Scaffold Fabrication The polymers foams were impregnated with the following suspension: 88,4 g of TiO2 powder (Kronos TiO2 No 1171, Kronos Titan GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany) with a median grain size of 0.3 µm mixed with 25,8 g deionised water.
Results Foam structure The macrostructure of the sintered scaffolds is characterised by a fully open structure for both ppi-numbers, although a very low number of closed cells is always present.
The tortuosity, which was measured in the mercury intrusion meter, was several factors higher for 60 ppi scaffolds compared to 45 ppi and therefore do also explain the lower permeability for higher ppi-numbers.
The pore size is easily adjusted by using polymer foams with different ppi-numbers.

Fig. 3 Microstructural crack exposure Derived microstructure with opened crack is shown, and is clearly how crack propagates through the grain boundaries.
a) b) Fig. 4 Specimen and testing configuration for: a) CT and b) SENB specimen Fig. 5 shows dependence between crack length, a, and the number of cycles, N, for different load ratios (R=0.1 and R=0.5).
a) b) Fig. 5 Number of cycles vs. crack length for: a) R=0.1 and b) R=0.5 load ratio Compliance test, as well as crack resistance curve is shown on the picture bellow (Fig 6).
Modelling of damage initiation and growth The direct cyclic analysis procedure from Abaqus/Standard is used in this work to compute the stabilized response of the structure directly [7], without need to compute a number of sequential cycles that would lead to such stabilized cycle.
The cycle number in which damage is initiated is written in the form: , (1) where c1 and c2 are material constants.

The titanium substrates were placed in the reactor so that sample number 1 was located in the middle of the cumulative jet, samples number 2 and number 3 on the periphery at equal distance from the center.
The average crystallite size for sample number 1 estimated by Scherrer formula is: · crystallites TiC – 33 nm., · crystallites of HCP titanium – 16 nm., · crystallites of BCC titanium – 7 nm.
This indicates the presence of the transition zones where titanium grains of substrate are mixed with the coating material.

A number of novel methods have been proposed for HAP ceramic coating offering the potential for better control of film structure.
(a) Preparing a homogeneous solution of easily purified precursors (b) Converting the solution to the ‘sol’ form by treatment with a suitable reagent e.g. water with HCl for oxide ceramics (c) Allowing /inducing the sol to change in to ‘gel’ by polycondensation (d) Shaping the gel (or viscous sol) to the finally desired forms such as thin film, fibres, spheres, or grains and (e) Finally converting (sintering) the shaped gel to the desired ceramic materials at temperature (̴ 500˚C) generally much lower than those required in the conventional procedure of melting oxide together.
The sol gel method of fabricating thin films offer potential advantages over traditional technique as below [13]: (a) Low temperature processing (b) Easy coating of large surface (c) Small thickness (d) High optical quality (e) High purity Particularly, HAP coatings by the sol–gel method have received global attention in the biomedical field and the coatings deposited by dip coating method offers a number of benefits over other coating methods.
Circular shaped HAPs are seen both at the boundary and over the grain.
Thus it is inferred from the above analysis that thickness increases with the repeated number of coatings. 2.4 EDX analysis EDX spectrum of HAP coated on alumina thermally treated at 200˚C is presented in Fig. 5.

Even though hot forming solves these particular problems, it has the potential to generate a number of additional problems.
For this novel process it is necessary to test a number of factors of the process.
But, if a slow air quench is used, precipitates are allowed to grow through the grain and at the grain boundaries for a longer time, thus making the material non-age hardenable. 10.0 s -1 1.0 s -1 0.1 s -1 0.01 s -1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 QuenchRate (ºC/s) Clearance (mm) Load (Tonnes) Quenching Method AQ 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 2.0 4.0 0.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1 10 100 1000 Quench Rate (ºC/s) Achieved ultimate stress/ Ultimate stress when water quenched Fig. 5.
During the deformation, further dislocations are introduced into the material and (a) (b) Temperature Time Fast water quench Perfect quench Slow air quench hence a larger number of nucleation points are introduced.