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The static conditions were calculated and a finite element analysis was performed by computer aided engineer software to determine the failure due to mechanical stresses.
[2] Duncan Dowson, History of Tribology, Second Edition, Professional Engineering Publishing, 1997, ISBN 1-86058-070-X [3] Rabinowicz, E. (1995).
Laguna-Camacho, Fatigue life of TiN and CrN coatings in rolling contact, J Engineering Tribology 227(4) (2012) 339–348 [11] http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/asphalt/labs/mixtures/hamburg.cfm [12] http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/asphalt/labs/mixtures/frenchr.cfm [13] http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13100/13132/MPC02-138.htm [14] http://www.pavementtechnology.com/manuals/apamanual.pdf [15] http://www.mrr.dot.state.mn.us/research/pdf/200302.pdf [16] A.
Svec, Effects of tire – pavement contact pressure distributions on the response of asphalt concrete pavements, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 22(5), 849-860, 1995

The Feasibility Study for New-type Forging Flange of in Steel Tower Li Qin 1, a, Yuan Miao1,b YaNan Luo1,c 1 School of Civil Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, jilin, China a jilinql@163.com, bMiaoyuan100@126.com, c1937738610@qq.com Keywords: steel pipe tower; new-type forging flange; new-type rigid flange; ultimate bearing capacity Abstract.
At the same time the article established finite element models of the new-type forging flange and new-type rigid flange used in engineering.The comparative analysis of the results shows that, the new-type forging flanges greatly improved the strength and rigidity of the joints because of the reasonable stress distribution and constraints of deformation.
This paper calculated and analysised this new-type forging flange, then some useful results obtained can provide certain references for engineering design.
[J ] Advances of Power System&Hydroelectric Engineering, 2008 .2 ，Vol.24 No.2

Research on temperature stress of Annular Super-Long Frame Structure by finite element method Zhiyong Yang 1, a, Zhao Liang 1, b, Zhang Peng 1, c and Yuxiang Xing 1, c 1School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China ayzy0807@126.com, bzhaolianghj16@163.com (corresponding author), czp_roger@yahoo.com Keywords: annular super-long frame structure, temperature effect, expansion joint, finite element method Abstract.
The influence of structure member rigidity on temperature effect is also discussed by changing the size of the section; all of these could offer reference for engineering design.
Introduction It’s always a big trouble for desigener to handle crack problem in the engineering, especially in super-long and super-large structure.
Further, the influences of stiffness of beam, column and slab contributed to the temperature effects of structure are also analyzed, which could provide reference for engineering design.
[7] Tiemeng Wang, Control of cracking in engineering structure, China building industry press, Beijing,1997.

The results of experiment can be used in concrete engineering design in severe cold area.
The purpose is to provide basis for concrete engineering in cold regions.
The influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical properties of concrete [J] Journal of Civil Engineering, 1997, 30 (4): 35-42.
Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, 2008, 22(3): 79-102
Northwest Water Resources & Water Engineering, 2001, 12(1): 49-52.

Research on Pre-Reinforcing Composite Foundation with a Shield Tunnel Under-Passing Zhiyong Penga, Weining Liu and Qiaoling Zeng School of civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR.
Most projects reinforce the foundation with previous engineering experience and engineering analogy.
Fig. 1 The profile of the pre-reinforcement and tunnel Fig. 2 The three-dimensional model of the tunnel Project Background The engineering background in this paper is the pre-reinforcement project of composite ground with a shield tunnel under-passing in Chengdu.
It can research further for it to find the general law and provide theoretical guidance for the engineering design.

Hu: World Information on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 15 (1999) No.2, pp. 28-33 (in Chinese)
Schultz: Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 116 (1990) No. 1, pp. 125-145
Johnson: Computing in Civil Engineering, (2007), pp. 297-305
Cheng: Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 118 (1992) No.9, pp. 2590-2609
Cheng: Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 111 (1985) No. 12, pp. 2576-2595

Thermal comfort study based on airflow within a passenger compartment Liping Xianga * and Hanqing Wangb School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China aelephantxlp@163.com, bhqwang2006@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: Thermal comfort; Automobile air conditioner; airflow; Numerical simulation Abstract.
Japan: Society of Heating, Air-conditioning and Sanitationing Engineers (1996)
Optical Diagnostics in Engineering, 41-15. (2000) [3] Huang, T.
Validation of 3-D passenger compartment hot soak and cool-down analysis for virtual thermal comfort engineering.
Applied Thermal Engineering, 28(14) 1906-1917. (2008) [8] ISO 7730.

Study on Thermal Crack Control of Multi-tower Large Basement Structures Yuming Zhang1, a, Tao Fan 2,b and Guangsheng Bian1,c 1 School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China 2 Jinan Municipal Engineering Quality and Safety Production Supervision Station, Jinan, China ayuming512163@163.com, bweizc10@163.com, cbgsh@sdjzu.edu.cn, Keywords: thermal stress; crack control; temperature difference; multi-tower; basement structures; groove Abstract: The multi-tower large basement structure is some different with general super-long structure in crack control due to thermal stress.
Fig 1 A typical multi-tower large basement structure Difference with general super-long structures The large super-long concrete structure has a large number of engineering practices at present.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Shandong province (project numbers: 2011YK038, 2012YK015) and The National College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship training program 2012(project Name: Structure selection and optimization of basement upper plate) References [1] Tiemeng Wang: Crack control of buildings Beijing: China Architecture Industry Press, 1997 (In Chinese) [2] Yuming Zang, Guangsheng Bian and Shaoping Meng: Engineering Mechanics, vol.28 (S1) (2011), p.176-181(In Chinese)
[3] Chongqing Han, Jian Feng and Zhitao Lu: Engineering Mechanics, vol.20 (1) (2003), p.7-14(In Chinese)

The Practical Calculation Charts to Determine Column Effective Length of Framework and Bent Framework Zhi Sheng 1, a, Donghua Zhou 2,b Faculty of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China a36004998@163.com, bstahlverbundbau@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: effective length factor, swinging column, frame column, bent frame column Abstract.
Introduction Stability calculations and checking are very important in engineering structural design.
The critical load of monomer column is equivalent of the effective length factors [2], engineers accustom to find the effective length factor.
The critical load ()can be got according the definition of .When the critical load and euler’s critical load () are equal, the effective length factor can be expressed as follows: (5) It is inconvenient to solve Eq.4，therefore the range of the parameters and is often adopted in engineering, according to Eq.6 and Eq.7, can be got and the diagram about can be drawn in the fig 4.
Select the parameters and which are often used in engineering and got the value of, according to the Eq.5 draw the diagram about the effective length factor in the fig 6.

Fracture Analysis for a 2D Prototype of Recycled Aggregate Concrete using Discrete Cracking Model Jianzhuang Xiao*1,a , Yuching Wu 1,b , and Shengdong Zhang1,c 1 Department of Building Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China a jzx@tongji.edu.cn, b ycwu@tongji.edu.cn, c zhangsh_d@tongji.edu.cn Keywords: 2D prototype; recycled aggregate concrete; fractural analysis; discrete cracking model; failure mechanism.
[5] Schlangen E., Garboczi E.J., �ew method for simulating fracture using an elastically uniform random geometry lattice, International Journal of Engineering Science, 1996, 34(11), 1131-1144
[6] Schlangen E., Garboczi E.J., Fracture simulations of concrete using lattice models: computational aspects, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1997, 57(2/3), 319-322
Suitability of recycled concrete aggregate for use in BS 5328 designated mixes, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings, 1999, 134(3), 257-274
[14] Wu Y.C., Thompson E.G., Heyliger P.R.,, The compaction of aggregates of non-spherical linear viscous particle, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2003, 192 4929-4946.