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The networking framework is outlined as following: (1) building blocks of fine-grain functionality, (2) explicit support for combining elemental blocks to accomplish highly configurable complex communication tasks, and (3) control elements to facilitate cross-layer interactions.
Lastly, network channels are decomposed into a large number of routers/switches and a variety of media.
Early computer network is consitituted by a number of autonomous systems and a core system in joint structure.
In short, the network channel is divided into a large number of switches/routers and a variety of media with different protocols and sizes; End system set is decomposed into a large number of end systems with different applications in different scales.

From 1980 to 2008, the yield of grain has expanded 1.5 times and the consumption of fertilizer has increased more than 3 times [1].
Tab. 1 Nitrogenase activity of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria (nmol·107cfu-1·h-1） number Nitrogenase activity number Nitrogenase activity FLNB01 0.08 ± 0.02 FLNB 07 0.13 ± 0.03 FLNB 02 0.12 ± 0.03 FLNB 08 0.15 ± 0.05 FLNB 03 0.50± 0.10 FLNB 09 0.35 ± 0.05 FLNB 04 0.10 ± 0.03 FLNB 10 0.09 ± 0.03 FLNB 05 0.06 ± 0.01 FLNB 11 0.08 ± 0.02 FLNB 06 0.09 ± 0.02 Tab. 1 shows that two strains (FLNB03 and FLNB09) have higher nitrogenase activity than that of the others.
Tab. 2 Nitrogenase activity of mutants of FLNB03 and FLNB09 (nmol·107cfu-1·h-1) Number Nitrogenase activity Number Nitrogenase activity FLNB03-2 0.61±0.10 FLNB09-1 0.27±0.05 FLNB03-8 0.59±0.08 FLNB09-3 0.40±0.05 FLNB03-10 0.51±0.06 FLNB09-4 0.38±0.04 As is shown in Tab.2, three strains with higher nitrogenase activity have been obtained from the mutants of FLNB03 and FLNB09 respectively.

Crystals are the solid of regular geometric shape with the certain arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in the space, which contains monocrystals and polycrystals (owing to the periodic arrangement destroyed by grain boundaries), almost all of the metals macroscopically appear polycrystalline.
The hidden mathematical laws in the quasicrystals According to a number of studies currently, quasicrystals were found to have magical mathematical laws that three concepts related with the quasicrystals were Penrose puzzles [3], Fibonacci sequence and golden section. 1) Penrose puzzles in crystal structure A typical quasicrystal structure is three-dimensional Penrose puzzles like the mode of paving bricks with translational asymmetry, long-range ordered structure, and five rotational symmetry not allowed in common crystals (refer with: Fig. 2) [4].
In 1976, Roger Penrose constructed a new puzzle method with only two kinds of two-dimensional Penrose puzzles, a fat diamond and a thin diamond (their interior angle were 72o, 108o and 36o, 144o, respectively) (refer with: Fig. 2(c)), the length of each side: a, which can fill up a two-dimensional plane without gap or overlap, as a result of the pattern with five rotational symmetry. 2) Fibonacci Sequence and golden section Scientists found that all the spacing between diffraction spots and the center spot in quasicrystal, a series of irrational numbers, conform to the Fibonacci sequence.
In mathematics, Fibonacci sequence is defined with recursive method (refer with: Eq. 1): ,, (1) Literally, Fibonacci sequence begins with 0 and 1, and then the new Fibonacci coefficient equals the sum of previous two numbers.
The more backward, the more close to golden section is the ratio of two adjacent numbers (an infinite acyclic decimal similar with PI, its value is approximately 1.62), that is (refer with: Eq. 2, Eq. 3): (2) (3) The ratio of the distance between the atoms in quasicrystal tends to approach φ (the golden ratio).

If joining them with each other the fusion welding process number is low.
The different melting points limit the applicable welding process number.
Test number Parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pressure [PSI] 35 Welding time [s] 1 A friction amplitude [μm] 54 B friction amplitude [μm] 30 32 34 30 32 34 32 Amplitude step time [s] 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.15 Power [W] 2060 1940 1920 2580 2740 2620 - Maximum Tensile force [N] 451 422 426 609 658 635 - 3.
It seems from Table 2. that as a function of joint strengths, the best parameters for the USW earned from the number 5 test.
Nazarov: Ultrasonic Welding of Nickel with Coarse and Ultrafine Grained Structures.

The volume increase can also put existing crack into compression with fracture toughness enhancement, extending reliability and lifetime of stabilized zirconia Cations incorporation with small valence numbers such as the alkaline earth or stable rare earth cations (RE+ or Y3+) at pure zirconia can cause substitutional solid solution formation.
Controlled powder synthesis and ceramic processing can lead to higher densities and nonometric grain sizes.
Spectrum form at low wave number do not show peaks related to monoclinic zirconia (Fig 2 (a)).
Wave Features of ceramic powders obtained by Pechini Wave Number (cm-1) Functional Group. 3440 OH 2930 Ethyleneglicol (CH) 2350 CO 1630 Yttrium Oxide 586,462 Zr-OH2 Laser particle size analysis (Fig. 3) indicate that synthesized powder have narrow particle/agglomerate distribution, with medium size of 2.8117 μm.
Forms and position of bands of low wave numbers permits qualitative phases identification.

The relationship between total strain amplitude and the failure cycle number was well expressed by Manson-Coffin formula.
There are elastic and plastic deformation two parts in this equation: (2) Whereis total strain amplitude;is the elastic component of total strain amplitude; is the plastic component of total strain amplitude;is the coefficient of fatigue strength;is the coefficient of plastic fatigue;is the index of fatigue strength;is the index of plastic fatigue;is the number of cycles.
Calculation results are shown in Tab.1: Tab. 1 Fatigue calculation results of each node Node 170035 141617 170076 170075 Maximum stress value (Pa) 0.6545E9 0.4199E9 0.1687E9 0.15317E9 Cycles N 10000 10000 10000 10000 Stress amplitude 0.3273E9 0.166E9 0.7971E8 0.8293E8 Maximum allowable cycles 0.1E8 0.156E8 0.338E8 0.427E8 Tab.1 shows that stress amplitude is higher in the area of stress concentrations, and that allows the less number of cycles , the cumulative fatigue damage coefficient is greater as well.
(2) Stress amplitude is higher in the area of stress concentrations, and that allows the less number of cycles , the cumulative fatigue damage coefficient is greater as well.
[7] Wang Zhixing,Zhou Dian.Fine grain microstructure of hot die ring and the high cycle fatigue performance of GH4169

Table 2 Penetration height of each group proportion Number Admixture Water reducing agent Penetration height S1 JM- 33.8 S2 coal ash SP8 17.6 S3 slag powder SP8 14.5 S4 slag powder SP8 18.1 S5 slag powder SP1 16.2 2.2 Frost-resistance We test frost-resistance of the five specimens by slowly frozen method, freezethaw cycle for 300 times, then test the strength and mass loss rate.
Table 3 Result of resistance to freezing and thawing test of concrete Number Admixture Water reducing agent Mass loss rate Strength loss rate S1 JM- 0 3.5 S2 coal ash SP8 0.20 -2.1 S3 slag powder SP8 -0.19 7.8 S4 slag powder SP8 -0.29 5.1 S5 slag powder SP1 -0.30 1.3 From the table we can see that the strength of all in addition to S2 is declined, but strength loss is small.
Table 4 Result of attack test in the 10%sodium sulfate liquor number Strength soaked in water Strength soaked in sulfuric acid solution Strength loss rate S1 71.6 70.5 -1.5 S2 88.2 91.5 3.7 S3 91.3 95.0 4.0 S4 92.4 98.4 6.5 S5 92.6 96.3 4.7 Due to Table 4, the strength of specimens except S1 is unexpected increased.
It is not only because that the specimens are close-grained and impervious, but also they are mixed with coal ash and ground slag which are significant to resistance of sulfate eroding[4].
The changing process is shown in Fig.2 Table 5 Shrinkage rate in different curing age Number Shrinkage rate (μm/m) 1d 3d 7d 14d 28d 56d 90d S1 35.2 76.3 90.3 130.3 180.3 253.1 311.6 S2 97.6 143.6 183.5 230.5 290.6 370.6 410.5 S3 106.3 146.2 170.8 224.7 280.6 362.5 422.3 S4 101.4 146.9 190.4 234.1 274.5 330.8 370.6 S5 63.9 98.3 120.6 170.8 264.3 304.8 389.2 Fig.2 Shrinkage rate of the specimens in different curing age Conclusions From the test, we can see that S5 group is the optimal proportion.It has the feature of high strength and durability.This is mainly because coal ash and slag powder have been mixed into the specimens, and on the other hand, the polycarboxylate water reducer has some positive effect just as increasing anti-permeability and reducing the shrinkage crack.

Two titanium silicides such as TiSi2 (ICDD card number: 35-785) and Ti5Si3 (ICDD card number: 29-1362) are marketed in the world.
Among them, pentatitanium trisilicide, Ti5Si3 (Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number: 12067-57-1) has been shown to be potentially useful intermediate material.
The grain size of as-received powder was about 5 to 10 mm.
Acknowledgments This presentation was supported by the Cooperative Research Program of Network Joint Research Center for Materials & Devices, Japan by Tohoku University, Japan (Grant Number: 2015286 and 20164006).

A number of key issues and trends in High Performance Computing will impact the delivery of breakthrough science and engineering in the future.
It also consists of a number of nVIDIA CUDA enabled applications in several domains namely molecular dynamics, bio-informatics, life sciences and physics.
· Chemical Domain RedMD: Software to perform molecular dynamics simulations for coarse-grained models of proteins, nucleic acids and their complexes.
· Use of the Application Execution Model has reduced the average number of steps required for executing a parallel application on Linux.
Conclusion A number of key issues and trends in High Performance Computing will impact the delivery of breakthrough science and engineering in the future.

In the fact, a large number of algorithms are iterative process significant and have a dependency relation data.
The new framework will Map (Reduce) phase is divided into a number of synchronization in Parallel Layer, Parallel Layer asynchronous parallel tasks, Parallel Layer to complete data interaction between tasks using the message passing mechanism.
A number of parallel tasks can be mutually by dividing the input sets no communication cost independent execution.
Barrier Grid is the global coarse grain size controllable synchronization mechanism, using Barrier Grid a parallel tasks can be divided into a plurality of continuous loosely synchronized Parallel, Layer, Parallel in Figure 1 Layer0 and Parallel Layer1.
But, compared with the original Hadoop parallel computing framework for [12], parallel computing framework to support the improved BSP model also introduces some new cost: First of all, coarse-grained Barrier Grid synchronization makes the overall execution time of a single Parallel Layer is sensitive to the single most slow to complete the task, the inconsistent state task completion time unusual problems can make use of [1] Speculative Execution Hadoop mechanism, using the backup task redundancy execution effectively, and the computing and communication of multiple tasks a Parallel Layer concurrency is overlapping execution, so the price can further be a Parallel Layer asynchronous parallel multiple tasks amortization; secondly, a new cost model of Barrier Grid synchronization is a potential may result in decreased performance bottleneck, however, actually improved in the Barrier model Grid synchronization is implicit Barrier Grid model in multiple MR inter-procedural Map and Reduce phase