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Multi-level Structural Characteristics and Quasi-static Analysis of the Hagia Sophia Using Finite Element Method Quan-rong Chen1, Chuan-zhang Zheng1, Xiao-qian Ning2, Xing-hua Liang1, a, Shi-qing Huang1, 3, b 1 Department of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China 2 Department of Teaching and Scientific Research, Special Police College of CAPF，Beijing 100012, China 3 MOE Key Lab of Disaster Forecast and Control in Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China a xinghua_liang@126.com, b thuangsq@jnu.edu.cn Keywords: Hagia Sophia; Dome; Multi-level Structural Characteristics; Quasi-static Analysis; First principal stress Abstract: The historic Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, which held the record as the world's largest domed building for about 800 years, is analyzed with a 3D finite element formulation, by using commercial FEA software ANSYS Workbench 14.5, to understand its structural behaviour under the action of static loading.
Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2009. 29(4): 693–698
[4] Duppel, C., Engineering Studies on the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul - Part 1 The Structural Characteristics.
[5] Duppel, C., Engineering Studies on the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul - Part 2 On the Structural Behavior.

` Life Cycle Cost Management Strategy on Corrosion Deterioration and Fatigue Damage of Steel Girder Bridge Moe M S CHEUNG1, a , Kevin K L SO 2, b and Xueqing ZHANG 3, c 1 Chair Professor and Head, 2 PhD Candidate, and 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China a mscheung@ust.hk, bkevin@ust.hk, and czhangxq@ust.hk Keywords: Corrosion, Fatigue, Deflection, Moment, Shear, Condition Index, LCC Abstract: This paper proposes a life-cycle cost (LCC) management methodology that integrates corrosion deterioration and fatigue damage mechanisms.
To relieve the long term financial burden on maintenance, a whole life cycle cost (LCC) management concept was introduced in recent decade and is now getting more important in engineering design, construction and management.
"Fatigue strength of steel girders strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer patch", Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 129, No. 2, 1 February 2003, pp. 186-196
"Life-cycle cost-effective optimum design of steel bridges considering environmental stressors", Engineering Structures 28 (2006), pp. 1252-1265 [4] Yanaka, Y. and Kitagawa, M. (2002).
"Fatigue and fracture of steel girders", Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1 May 2004, pp. 278-286.

Failure Law of Supporting Part of Reinforced Concrete Chimney by Blasting Demolition Shenglin Li1,a, Tianlong Ling2,b, Yingwei Cui1, Qianqian Yan1, Guofang Liu1 1School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China 2Xiezhuang Coal Mine of Shandong Energy Xinwen Group, Xintai 271221, China ashenglinli@sina.com, b174862740@qq.com Keywords: supporting part, reinforced concrete chimney, FEM, blasting cut angle Abstract：To study the mechanical evolution rule of the supporting part in the process of the reinforced concrete chimney blasting demolition, a finite element model based on a practical project is established by explicit analysis software LS-DYNA.
The blasting cutting angle of this demolition blasting engineering is 220.4°, the height of blasting cut is 3 m.
Reference: [1] Xianqi Xie, Chuanwei Han, Changbang Liu: New Technology of Blasting Engineering in China Ⅱ,China, (2008)p.464-468, (In Chinese) [2] Bingxu Zheng, Xiaolin Wei, Qingshou Chen: Chinese Journal of Geotecnical Engineering, Vol.25,Supp.2 (2006),p.3513-3517.
) [4]S.Govindjee, G.J.Kay and J.C.Simo: International journal for numerical methods in engineering,Vol.38,3611-3633(1995) [5]Jun Xia, Ming’an Zhou, Qing Yu: Blasting, Vol.26(2009),p.70-73.

Introduction 2xxx aluminum alloy belongs to Al-Cu series alloy, which is a heat-treatable deformation alloy. 2A12 aluminum alloy containing small amounts of silicon is one kind of hardenable alloy which can achieve moderate strength by precipitating ageing and has wide application in aerospace, aeronautic, automobile and civil industries as one of structural materials because of its perfect properties such as low density, high strength, good workability [1-4].
References [1] Zhu Zhangxiao, Yao Kefu: Engineering Materials(4th Edition), Tsinghua University Publishing Press (2009) in Chinese
[5] Yucel Birol: Materials Science and Engineering,2005, 2 (391) :175-180
[7] Y.J.Huanga，Z.G.Chen: Materials Science and Engineering 2007,41(3):971-975
[8] NianMei Han,XinMing Zhang:Materials Science and Engineering，2004,1-2(235):263-268

References [1] Huiming Wu, Xiaonan Gong: China Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 34 (2001), p. 81 [2] Xiaonan Gong:Complex Foundation Theory and Engineering Application(Zhejang University Press, China 2002)
[4] Jiwei Duan, Xiaonan Gong and Guoxi Zeng: Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol. 16 (1994), p. 1 [5] Comparative Test Report on Pile-soil Stress Ratio of The Composite Foundation of Cement-soil Mixing Pile of The Highway(edtied by Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji University,China)
[6] Xiang Shu,Fuzhong Wang:Industial Construction Magazine Agence Vol. 31(2001) , p.16 [7] A Survey Report on The Soft Clay Ground Design Methods and Construction Techniques of Existing Highways of The Binhai New Area in Tianjin(edtied by Tianjin Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute,China).

Properties of the Saline Soil in Southern Xinjiang and Study on its Improvement Mechanism Jia Lei1,2,a ,Yan Songhong1,Li Yuan2 1School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070, China 2School of Engineering, Shijiazhuang University of Economics, Shijiazhuang 050031, China aJialei1978@126.com Key words: saline soil; southern Xinjiang; subgrade; improvement mechanism; schemed Abstract.
Despite engineering treatment, the effects are far from being ideal.
A series of tests, such as unconfined compression, the liquid and plastic limit, moisture density and compaction test before and after the freeze-thaw action, are conducted for the demonstration of this feasibility in terms of engineering technology, lowering cost, environmental protection, etc..
Through comparing the engineering properties of soil before and after the improvement, the best treatment plan is determined and serves as a reference for the construction.
References [1] Zunqin Wang: Saline Soil in China(Beijing Science Press, 1993) [2]Zhou Qi and Weifeng Han:Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.Vol. 9(2006), P1177 [3] Xinshuo Sun,Lan Qiao: Rock and Soil Mechanics.

Seismic Performance Experimental Research on the Multi-ribbed Composite Wall-transfer Layer Supported on Frame Yuyang Hea, Quan Yuanb School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; aheyuyang028@163.com, byq7404@163.com Keywords: shear wall supported on frame structure; multi-ribbed composite wall; conversion layers; seismic performance; shaking table test.
For different type of structure requires the use of different conversion layer structure, at present, more practical engineering application of conversion layer structure forms the main beam, plate, box and truss
Practical engineering many forms beam conversion layer, from the upper wall forms can be divided into full cross and dissatisfaction across, openings and not open holes
Yao, Dynamic reliability of structures: the example of multi-grid composite walls, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 4 (2010) 463-479
Yao, Aseismic design method of building structure with frame-multi-ribbed composite walls at bottom layer, Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2 (2010) 213-217.

Analysis of Soil Reinforcement in Cantilever Retaining Structure for Foundation Pit in Soft Soil Region Yanchao Ma 1, a, Yinghui Chen 1,b, Yanlian Pan 1,c, Shuai Wang1,d and Qingshui Liu 1,e 1 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China a kmustmyc@126.com,b 544166675@qq.com,c 2801panyanlian@163.com, d 370690508@qq.com, e 314429574@qq.com Keywords: cantilever retaining structure; foundation pit; soil reinforcement.
Model parameter In a foundation engineering surrounding ground overload is 20kPa.
Therefore, reasonable selection of reinforcement depth can ensure the safety of surrounding and also save the engineering cost.
The result shows that reasonable selection of reinforcement depth can ensure the safety of surrounding and also save the engineering cost.
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1998,124(9):809-819 [2] Y.

Calculation on Plastic Internal Force of Reinforced Concrete Member under Axial Force Erjun Wu1, a, Xing Chen1,b 1 College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210098, China awej@hhu.edu.cn, bwujianzhiqiu@yeah.net Keywords: reinforced concrete, axial force, elastic-plastic, internal force analysis.
For the plastic behavior of reinforced concrete member, the adjustment method of plastic internal force redistribution is considered in the design process of practical engineering [1].
(in Chinese) [2] Ding Dajun: Plasticity in Engineering.
Engineering Mechanics(2011).
Engineering Mechanics(2010).

Experimental Study on CBR Swelling Characteristics of Remolded Expansive Soil Aijun Chen1,2,a , Jiasheng Zhang2,b ,Hongbo Zou1,c 1 School of Architecture Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411108, China; 2 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China acaj3026@sina.com, bzjsdj@mail.csu.edu.cn，cbluebobo@tom.com Keywords: Expansive Soil, CBR Swelling Content, Swelling Rate, Initial Moisture Content Abstract.
The experiment displayed in the article is adopted much-used means of CBR for highway engineering , referring to gray expansive soil properties with moisture and expansive soil swelling discipline in favor of actual application in project.
Hence, in hands-on engineering, it’s very significant to steer embankment moisture content and compactness to reduce swelling potential for filling soil.
CBR experiment is the widely-used test in the highway engineering, for its simple operation and direct meanings and its bigger sample soil.
References [1] The ministry of communications industry standard in China, Standard for test methods of Highway engineering earthworks (JTG E50-2006), Beijing , China Communications Press, 2005 [2] Xu Yong-fu .Hehai university journal , vol 27(1999), in chinese