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Online since: February 2014
Authors: Xiao Juan Jia, Wei Dan, Jian Ying Yu, Song Xu, Li Hui Xue
The aging process of bitumen is often accompanied with the increase of asphaltenes content and the decrease of aromatics content [8], resulting in the reduction of the colloidal index Ic which is defined as the ratio of the content of aromatics and resins to that of saturates and asphaltenes according to Loeber’s report [9].
However, the physically shielding and chemically absorption of LDHs can decrease the energy of UV light photons which arrive to the bitumen molecules, resulting in the reduction of oxidation reaction.
Fig. 3 Infrared spectra of bitumen compositions before and after UV aging By comparing the changing rates of structural indexes of four compositions of bitumen, it can be known that the changing rates of Is=o of aromatics and asphaltenes of the control bitumen are 335% and 217%, respectively, but the corresponding data of LDHs modified bitumen decrease obviously to 84% and 44%.
The biggest carbonyl index decrement in changing rates of asphaltenes and maximum sulphoxide index reduction in changing rates of aromatics indicate that LDHs mainly act on aromatics and asphaltenes.
However, the physically shielding and chemically absorption of LDHs can decrease the energy of UV light photons which arrive to the bitumen molecules, resulting in the reduction of oxidation reaction.
Fig. 3 Infrared spectra of bitumen compositions before and after UV aging By comparing the changing rates of structural indexes of four compositions of bitumen, it can be known that the changing rates of Is=o of aromatics and asphaltenes of the control bitumen are 335% and 217%, respectively, but the corresponding data of LDHs modified bitumen decrease obviously to 84% and 44%.
The biggest carbonyl index decrement in changing rates of asphaltenes and maximum sulphoxide index reduction in changing rates of aromatics indicate that LDHs mainly act on aromatics and asphaltenes.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Chao Su, Xu Dong Li
Quareni[7] suggest that friction coefficient of basal contact will be reduction when the oscillations of flows contains a quasi-rigid plug.
The materials consist of three layers from bottom to top, and the actual measurement data of mechanical parameters are listed in table 2.
In the reduction process, the mechanical parameters of discontinuous interface are reduction as the parameter of material of rock body mentioned above.
The materials consist of three layers from bottom to top, and the actual measurement data of mechanical parameters are listed in table 2.
In the reduction process, the mechanical parameters of discontinuous interface are reduction as the parameter of material of rock body mentioned above.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Hong Yan Tang, Yu Hai Guo, Feng Wang, Peng Peng Lv
The reduction ratio and the speed of extrusion were 360 and 1.0 mm/s, respectively.
Data analysis.
The reduction ratio in the process of preparation could be responsible for this phenomenon [7].The higher reduction ratio results in a higher extrusion pressure on the outer surface than the inner surface of the PTFE hollow tube, therefore the outer surface of the PTFE hollow tube becomes denser than the inner surface.
Data analysis.
The reduction ratio in the process of preparation could be responsible for this phenomenon [7].The higher reduction ratio results in a higher extrusion pressure on the outer surface than the inner surface of the PTFE hollow tube, therefore the outer surface of the PTFE hollow tube becomes denser than the inner surface.
Online since: April 2016
Authors: Galia Shulga, Ján Sedliačik, Brigita Neiberte, Anrijs Verovkins, Jevgenijs Jaunslavietis, Vadims Shakels, Sanita Vitolina
The partial removal of the extractives from the sawdust due to the cleavage of glycoside ether bonds led to the reduction of the mechanical strength of the sawdust.
This is testified by the data of the fractionation of the hydrolysed sawdust after its milling (Table 2).
The chemical pre-treatment of the aspen sawdust promoted the decreasing of the energy consumption for size reduction.
This is testified by the improvement of the mechanical properties of the obtained WPC samples and the reduction of their ability to be wetted by water.
This is testified by the data of the fractionation of the hydrolysed sawdust after its milling (Table 2).
The chemical pre-treatment of the aspen sawdust promoted the decreasing of the energy consumption for size reduction.
This is testified by the improvement of the mechanical properties of the obtained WPC samples and the reduction of their ability to be wetted by water.
Online since: August 2020
Authors: Mohamed Gar Alalm, Mahmoud Samy, Mona G. Ibrahim, Manabu Fujii
Independent Variables
Units
Levels
-1
0
1
Catalyst dose
(g/L)
0.1
0.3
0.5
Initial MB concentration
(mg/L)
5
10
15
pH
5
7
9
Results and Discussion
Experimental Design and Data Analysis.
However, using a catalyst dose above the optimum value (0.4313 g/L) results in the reduction of removal efficiency due to the scattering effect.
The rise of MB molecules adsorbed on LaVO4 surface in case of higher concentrations of MB leads to the reduction of active sites and consequently MB removal efficiency decreases [20].
Tawfik, Carbon emissions reduction by catalyzing H 2 gas harvested from water hyacinth fermentation process using metallic salts, Energy Procedia. 152 (2018) 1254–1259. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.178
However, using a catalyst dose above the optimum value (0.4313 g/L) results in the reduction of removal efficiency due to the scattering effect.
The rise of MB molecules adsorbed on LaVO4 surface in case of higher concentrations of MB leads to the reduction of active sites and consequently MB removal efficiency decreases [20].
Tawfik, Carbon emissions reduction by catalyzing H 2 gas harvested from water hyacinth fermentation process using metallic salts, Energy Procedia. 152 (2018) 1254–1259. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.178
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jin Sheng Fu, Peng Yan, Guo Zhan Luo
Resource conservation and environmental protection, during express highway planning, design, construction, transportation and maintenance management, must always implement the sustainable development concept, on the principle of “Reduction, Resource and Recycling”, adopt new theories, new thoughts, new technologies, new materials and new processes to achieve high efficient use of resources and low pollution to the environment, and to realize high degree of harmony of highway construction, natural environment and social environment.
Compare, select and demonstrate the roadbed height as well as the bridge, channel schemes, and use low embankment scheme whenever possible, in order to reduce earth borrow and filling for roadbed, and to reduce land occupation for highway construction; avoid using the soil with vegetation as roadbed filler, avoid the spoil pile up and land occupation generated by excavation of cutting from leading to vegetation cover reduction, destruction of soil structure and fertility, and soil erosion; for the high filling and deep excavation sections that pass through the basic farmland and economic crops area, on the basis of technical and economic comparison, try to consider setting up retaining wall, slope protection and other protective facilities to shorten the slope length and save land resources.
Based on relevant data, it has significant and comprehensive benefits to process scrap tire into rubber powder and use it in highway construction.
For example, take noise reduction measures such as setting up sound barrier, brick wall and tree planting for the sections with predicted noise level exceeds the noise standards; sewage of the highway service area shall be discharged into the local town sewer network as much as possible or used for afforestation after purification treatment; conduct regular atmospheric monitoring, surface water monitoring and noise monitoring for sensitive locations, and timely adjust and improve the environmental protection measures during the operation phase according to the results of monitoring.
Compare, select and demonstrate the roadbed height as well as the bridge, channel schemes, and use low embankment scheme whenever possible, in order to reduce earth borrow and filling for roadbed, and to reduce land occupation for highway construction; avoid using the soil with vegetation as roadbed filler, avoid the spoil pile up and land occupation generated by excavation of cutting from leading to vegetation cover reduction, destruction of soil structure and fertility, and soil erosion; for the high filling and deep excavation sections that pass through the basic farmland and economic crops area, on the basis of technical and economic comparison, try to consider setting up retaining wall, slope protection and other protective facilities to shorten the slope length and save land resources.
Based on relevant data, it has significant and comprehensive benefits to process scrap tire into rubber powder and use it in highway construction.
For example, take noise reduction measures such as setting up sound barrier, brick wall and tree planting for the sections with predicted noise level exceeds the noise standards; sewage of the highway service area shall be discharged into the local town sewer network as much as possible or used for afforestation after purification treatment; conduct regular atmospheric monitoring, surface water monitoring and noise monitoring for sensitive locations, and timely adjust and improve the environmental protection measures during the operation phase according to the results of monitoring.
Online since: February 2018
Authors: Long Giang Bach, At Van Nguyen, Hau Quoc Pham, Van Thi Thanh Ho, Tai Thien Huynh, Son Truong Nguyen
As the result, Pt/C is used extensively in PEMFCs as an electrocatalyst to enhance the activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) [2].
For example, Micoud et al [9] synthesized Pt/WOx catalyst by impregnation reduction method.
The data were collected from 20o to 80o in 2θ scale.
Nanostructured Ti0,7Mo0,3O2 Support Enhances Electron Transfer to Pt: High-Performance Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.
For example, Micoud et al [9] synthesized Pt/WOx catalyst by impregnation reduction method.
The data were collected from 20o to 80o in 2θ scale.
Nanostructured Ti0,7Mo0,3O2 Support Enhances Electron Transfer to Pt: High-Performance Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Chun Feng, Sheng Yin Song, De Li Gao, Zhi Yi Liu
TEM results suggested the reduction of mechanical property of samples was attributed to coarsening and reduction in amount of dominant strengthening phase-Ω phase during thermal exposure.
After experienced designed exposure process, the specimens were stretched to fracture to get a series of data about residual strength and ductility (i.e. tensile strength, yield strength and elongation percentage).
Fig. 7 gives the direct statistics showing strengths and ductility data for specimens after 200˚C, 250˚C and 300˚C exposure, where the dwelling time is 100 h.
After experienced designed exposure process, the specimens were stretched to fracture to get a series of data about residual strength and ductility (i.e. tensile strength, yield strength and elongation percentage).
Fig. 7 gives the direct statistics showing strengths and ductility data for specimens after 200˚C, 250˚C and 300˚C exposure, where the dwelling time is 100 h.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Ping Ning, Quan Li Feng, Ming Lei Lian, Xue Qian Wang, Lin Zhuang Ma
One can choose the isotherm that fits the experimental data best.
Elevated system pressure when is isothermal, bed adsorption capacity increase, the gas adsorbed, otherwise the system pressure drops, and a corresponding reduction in its adsorption capacity, adsorbent was desorbed for regeneration, and get gas products at the same time.
The reason for considering ethanol-loaded GAC desorption under vacuum condition is that because vacuum microwave desorption of ethanol-loaded GAC has obvious advantages when compared to microwave desorption of ethanol-loaded GAC under N2 condition and advantages listed as follows: 1) High concentrations of alcohol, when stress reduction, ethanol in gas phase increase.
Elevated system pressure when is isothermal, bed adsorption capacity increase, the gas adsorbed, otherwise the system pressure drops, and a corresponding reduction in its adsorption capacity, adsorbent was desorbed for regeneration, and get gas products at the same time.
The reason for considering ethanol-loaded GAC desorption under vacuum condition is that because vacuum microwave desorption of ethanol-loaded GAC has obvious advantages when compared to microwave desorption of ethanol-loaded GAC under N2 condition and advantages listed as follows: 1) High concentrations of alcohol, when stress reduction, ethanol in gas phase increase.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Xiang Zong
The data collected in this research provide reference for the optimum mix proportion of the adulteration quantity of the concrete admixture.
Table 4 Experimental Results of Type SA-H Compound Admixture Contents Performance index results first-class Ordinary Water reduction rate[%] ≥8 / 30 Bleeding rate[%] ≤100 ≤100 54.7 Air capacity[%] ≥2.5 ≥2.5 5.0 Setting time difference Initial Setting time [min] -120~+120 -150~+150 -65 Final Setting time [min] -45 Compressive strength rate[%] temperature[℃] -5 -10 -15 -5 -10 -15 -10 ≥95 ≥95 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥85 125 ≥20 ≥12 ≥10 ≥20 ≥12 ≥10 35 ≥95 ≥90 ≥85 ≥95 ≥85 ≥80 112 ≥100 ≥100 121 90d contraction ratio[%] ≤120 ≤120 105 Permeability reducing strength ratio[%] ≥100 ≥100 ≥100 Conclusion Compound multifunctional antifreezing admixture delevoped in this research is composed of 3 components.
Table 4 Experimental Results of Type SA-H Compound Admixture Contents Performance index results first-class Ordinary Water reduction rate[%] ≥8 / 30 Bleeding rate[%] ≤100 ≤100 54.7 Air capacity[%] ≥2.5 ≥2.5 5.0 Setting time difference Initial Setting time [min] -120~+120 -150~+150 -65 Final Setting time [min] -45 Compressive strength rate[%] temperature[℃] -5 -10 -15 -5 -10 -15 -10 ≥95 ≥95 ≥90 ≥90 ≥90 ≥85 125 ≥20 ≥12 ≥10 ≥20 ≥12 ≥10 35 ≥95 ≥90 ≥85 ≥95 ≥85 ≥80 112 ≥100 ≥100 121 90d contraction ratio[%] ≤120 ≤120 105 Permeability reducing strength ratio[%] ≥100 ≥100 ≥100 Conclusion Compound multifunctional antifreezing admixture delevoped in this research is composed of 3 components.