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All samples for psychochemical soil investigations were determined according to the method described by Blackmore et al (1981), Rayment and Higginson (1992) and carried out at the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Hasanuddin University.
Porosity is very important because it greatly influences the physical properties (soil structure and aeration), soil chemistry (nutrient movement) and biology (soil microorganism activity) which influence plant growth, so that the physical and chemical properties of R2A soil are relatively good compared to R1A.
The chemistry of the spinel mineral in ultramafic rocks is of the low Al and high Cr variety (Sahu et al, 2020).
The fate of heavy metals in The Chemistry of Soil Processes, Green D J., Hayes M H B., Eds., p. 593, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA [29] Raven P H., Berg R., Johnson G B.,1998.
Mineral chemistry of high-Al chromian spinel from ultramafic rocks of the Babina–Prithvipur transect, Bundelkhand Craton, central India: Implication for petrogenesis and tectonic setting.

To form the anatase structure, it was calcined at 500oC.
The crystalline structures of photocatalysts were determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique.
Reaction pathway to the synthesis of anatase via the chemical modification of titanium isopropoxide with acetic acid Chemistry of Material, 20, 143-150

And deformation properties of PSCF changed correspondingly with the change of PSCF structure shape.
The change of internal structure was the basic reason why the fiber strength properties changed before and after erosion [3].
H.M, Lee.Z.Z: Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 9 （1989）, p. 387-406 [4] Zhang Jiru, and Zhu Jie,etc: .Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 39 （2008）, p. 394-397

The images reveal the presence of C-S-H compounds as a dense structure, justifying the high compressive strength observed in the nanomodified compositions.
This can be justified through SEM images, as visible agglomerates prevented the formation of a more compact structure.
“In Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete”. von Peter Hewlett, 25.
“Chemistry of Hydration of Portland Cement”.
Materials and Structures 32: 571-578

Moreover, the increase in salt rejection can also be attributed to the functional chemistry of CS, particularly the presence of amino groups (-NH2) within its polymer backbone.
A band at 1368 cm-1 reflects CH2 bending, also commonly seen in CA structures, while the peak at 1217 cm-1 indicates C–O stretching.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed on the membranes to determine structure, porosity, and surface features.
The surface morphology appears relatively smooth, with predominantly uniform pore structures, most of which have diameters below 10 μm.
Khoiruddin: BMC Chemistry, Vol. 18 (2024), p. 224

Nanocrystalline Thin Films TiO2 Prepared by Different Concentration of organic Acid and their Photocatalytic Activity Nitikarn Fangern1,a, Sudjit Sanguanruang 2,b, and Chamorn Chawengkijwanich3,c 1,2,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Pahol Yothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900,Thailand. 3National science and technology development agency, Paholyothin Road, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
Spectra of XRD showed that the crystal structure was anatase phase with the crystal sizes of 9.05 – 12.57 nm.
In common sol-gel method, titanium alkoxide has been used as precursor and the Ti-O-Ti network is formed via a violently hydrolysis and condensation reaction which cause many problems, such as the precipitation of amorphous particles, uncontrolled structure and large size of particle were obtained.
TiO2 thin film data obtained by different characterization technique Amount of AcAc (mol) XRD(a) AFM(b) BET(a) crystalline phase crystal size(nm) grain size(nm) Roughness (nm) *BET surface area (m2/g) Pore volume (cm3/g) Pore size (A0) 4 Anatase 9.05 24-30 1.073 82.54 0.1194 57.87 6 Anatase 12.57 22-32 1.046 74.89 0.1301 69.47 8 Anatase 11.64 26-36 0.956 66.35 0.1191 71.79 (a)Investigated from TiO2 powder (b)Measured from TiO2 film * data obtained from the samples as prepared The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films was evaluated by decolorizing a textile dye with anthraquinone structure[10], Reactive Blue 19.

Fe-doped TiO2/SiO2 Aerogel Microspheres for Visible Light Photocatalysis Degradation of Methylene Blue Mingxian Liu, Lihua Gan, Dazhang Zhu, Zijie Xu, Zhixian Hao and Longwu Chen Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.
The results indicate that the resultant Fe-TSAMs possess nanoporous network structure comprising TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles with diameters of 10-20 nm.
The N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms and corresponding pore size distribution curve suggest that the Fe-TSAMs have nanoporous structure and possess uniform pore size.
The Fe-TSAMs possess nanoporous network structure and consist of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles with diameters of 10-20 nm.

Molecular simulation methods are the culmination of modern computational chemistry, including quantum mechanics, Monte Carlo, molecular mechanics, and molecular dynamics.
Among them, the molecular dynamics method has characteristics that other methods do not have, namely the "kinetic energy" term and changes in molecular structure as a function of time.
Molecular structure formula of aramid fiber.
From the point of view of the molecular chain structure of aramid, aramid is composed of benzene ring and amide group arranged according to a certain law.
The benzene ring and the intermolecular hydrogen bond structure in the molecular chain of aramid make the molecular chain difficult to rotate in the interior, so that it can not fold, forming an extended rigid rod structure.

Natural zeolites are framework aluminosilicate minerals of volcanic origin, in the structure of which there are channels and cavities occupied by cations and water molecules, which can freely be removed and absorbed by the structure, due to which ion exchange occurs.
The smooth TG curve is typical for the clinoptilolite structure [34, 35].
May, Epoxy Resins, Chemistry and Technology, 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1988
Breck, Zeolite Molecular Sieves: structure, chemistry, and use, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974
Olegario, Changes in the structure, crystallinity, morphology and adsorption property of gamma-irradiated Philippine natural zeolites, Mater.

The inverted structure has a TiO2 or ZnO buffer layer, which acts as an electron collecting layer to achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE) 17-20.
Sample Structure Inverted structure OSC grown using the sol-gel method (Fig.1) consist of TiO2 as a buffer layer was created by titanium hydrolysis (IV) isopropoxide (Aldrich, 99.9%) with water, using nitric acid (HNO3) as a catalyst and acetylacetone as a chelating agent, which was carried out under vigorous stirring.
Fig. 1 Shows the structure of the samples of OSC.
Zheng, Chemistry – An Asian Journal 18 (5), e202300006 (2023)
Meng, Journal of Materials Chemistry 20 (5), 862-866 (2010)