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Online since: November 2024
Authors: Pankaj Kumar Das, Anurag Yadav, Nidhi Chandra
As the dimensions of interconnects shrink close to the mean free path (MFP), phenomena like electromigration, surface scattering, diffusive surface scattering, and grain boundaries emerge within conventional interconnect materials such as copper (Cu) [1].
CNTs are classified as SWCNTs and MWCNTs based on the number of shells they possess.
MWCNTs possess a higher number of conducting channels, even at DSM technology nodes.
The MCB contains a higher number of CNTs inside the bundle as compared to a conventional CNT bundle.
The conducting channels of a CNT bundle is governed by two key factors: the number of CNTs present inside the bundle and the number of shells present in each CNT.
CNTs are classified as SWCNTs and MWCNTs based on the number of shells they possess.
MWCNTs possess a higher number of conducting channels, even at DSM technology nodes.
The MCB contains a higher number of CNTs inside the bundle as compared to a conventional CNT bundle.
The conducting channels of a CNT bundle is governed by two key factors: the number of CNTs present inside the bundle and the number of shells present in each CNT.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: You Hai Sun, Ming Qin, Ting Ting Li, Yue Shi
By using geological and geophysical data and according to the basic characteristics of sequence boundary, Putaohua Reservoir in Daan Oilfield is divided into a rise hemicycle in long-term cycles, a full middle-term cycle, nine short-term cycles and a number of ultra-short-term cycles.The high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework of Putaohua reservoir under monosandbody rank is established, and a set of techniques and methods to high-resolution sequence stratigraphy correlation in shallow delta is summed up.
Bellow the convert surface, generally, the following up interface is "lighter" phase sequence (particle coarsening-upward) and above the interface is "darken" phase sequence (grain size fining upward).
Bellow the convert surface, generally, the following up interface is "lighter" phase sequence (particle coarsening-upward) and above the interface is "darken" phase sequence (grain size fining upward).
Online since: March 2004
Authors: Min Wang, Dun Wen Zuo, Sheng Li Song, Bing Kun Xiang
In Fig.3a, the filament array was arranged at a height
of 7 mm over the substrate, and the filament number used in Fig.3b was 20.
The effect of the filament number on the substrate temperature distribution is shown in Fig.4.
In order to obtain a uniform temperature area, the filament number must be over 20.
Fig.5 shows an expected temperature distribution, where the filament number is 25.
It is found that the thick film obtained has a high quality with integrate crystal grains.
The effect of the filament number on the substrate temperature distribution is shown in Fig.4.
In order to obtain a uniform temperature area, the filament number must be over 20.
Fig.5 shows an expected temperature distribution, where the filament number is 25.
It is found that the thick film obtained has a high quality with integrate crystal grains.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Qian Jin Wang
Task parallel method divides task into a number of sub-tasks according to process logic of the question.
Speedup ratio increases with the number of processors linear growth in distributed lock mode, it suits Gustafson’s Laws.[4]-[7] b(p) is Load evenness.
These features make parallel development easy so that we can write efficient, fine-grained, and scalable parallel code in a natural idiom without having to work directly with threads or thread pool. [8]Concurrent degree can be dynamically adjusting by TPL.The program based on TPL not only run on dual-cores or 4-core computer, but also run on multi-core processor without compile again.
Time and speedup radio of the original algorithm using for multiple tasks Docs number Tasks number S time(s) P time(s) S(p) 10 45 0.868641 0.378457 2.295217 20 190 3.790648 1.505717 2.517503 50 1225 23.88155 8.609952 2.773715 100 4950 96.59048 34.55660 2.795138 200 19900 380.4313 139.9953 2.717458 If document number is n, then tasks number is n(n-1)/2.
It records the number of sequences for 1 continuous along the diagonal line in matrix mat.
Speedup ratio increases with the number of processors linear growth in distributed lock mode, it suits Gustafson’s Laws.[4]-[7] b(p) is Load evenness.
These features make parallel development easy so that we can write efficient, fine-grained, and scalable parallel code in a natural idiom without having to work directly with threads or thread pool. [8]Concurrent degree can be dynamically adjusting by TPL.The program based on TPL not only run on dual-cores or 4-core computer, but also run on multi-core processor without compile again.
Time and speedup radio of the original algorithm using for multiple tasks Docs number Tasks number S time(s) P time(s) S(p) 10 45 0.868641 0.378457 2.295217 20 190 3.790648 1.505717 2.517503 50 1225 23.88155 8.609952 2.773715 100 4950 96.59048 34.55660 2.795138 200 19900 380.4313 139.9953 2.717458 If document number is n, then tasks number is n(n-1)/2.
It records the number of sequences for 1 continuous along the diagonal line in matrix mat.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Di Tao Niu, Jian Gang Niu, Zhen Zhang
Coarse aggregate: Shanxi Jingyang Town broken stone mass hammer of limestone, grain diameter 5~20mm.
Table 2 Mix proportions of concrete Serial number Dosage per volume [kg/m3] Water-cement ratio Cement Fly ash Sand Stone Admixture B1 385 0 735 1112 7.9 0.44 B2 327 75 730 1130 8 0.42 B3 270 150 725 1087 8.4 0.4 Test Methods Test Loading.
Fig. 2 The loading way of specimen Table 3 Anti-folds strength of specimens and equivalent torque values Serial number Anti-folds strength[Mpa] The bending stress levels 0.2 0.4 0.6 B1 5.175(28d) equivalent torque values[N·m] 5.0 10.0 15.0 B2 5.355(90d) 5.2 10.4 15.6 B3 5.265(90d) 5.1 10.2 15.3 Fig. 3 The specimens attacked by acid rain solution Fig. 4 The specimens dried after erosion Experimental System.
Table 4 Neutralization depths for fly ash concrete under loads[mm] Serial number Erosion time Stress levels 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 No-stress Tension area Compressive area Tension area Compressive area Tension area Compressive area B1 20d 0.55 — — 0.63 0.49 — — 40d 0.80 — — 0.92 0.71 — — 60d 0.97 1.00 0.95 1.03 0.91 1.11 0.88 B2 20d 0.57 0.73 0.57 0.74 0.54 0.82 0.48 40d 0.89 0.98 0.84 1.00 0.80 1.02 0.74 60d 1.07 1.12 0.98 1.21 0.91 1.24 0.86 B3 20d 0.70 — — 0.89 0.74 — — 40d 1.07 — — 1.29 0.82 — — 60d 1.22 1.31 1.20 1.38 1.10 1.41 1.03 Conclusions The air pollution is increasing seriously and acid rain damage is also growing along with the industrialization process.
Table 2 Mix proportions of concrete Serial number Dosage per volume [kg/m3] Water-cement ratio Cement Fly ash Sand Stone Admixture B1 385 0 735 1112 7.9 0.44 B2 327 75 730 1130 8 0.42 B3 270 150 725 1087 8.4 0.4 Test Methods Test Loading.
Fig. 2 The loading way of specimen Table 3 Anti-folds strength of specimens and equivalent torque values Serial number Anti-folds strength[Mpa] The bending stress levels 0.2 0.4 0.6 B1 5.175(28d) equivalent torque values[N·m] 5.0 10.0 15.0 B2 5.355(90d) 5.2 10.4 15.6 B3 5.265(90d) 5.1 10.2 15.3 Fig. 3 The specimens attacked by acid rain solution Fig. 4 The specimens dried after erosion Experimental System.
Table 4 Neutralization depths for fly ash concrete under loads[mm] Serial number Erosion time Stress levels 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 No-stress Tension area Compressive area Tension area Compressive area Tension area Compressive area B1 20d 0.55 — — 0.63 0.49 — — 40d 0.80 — — 0.92 0.71 — — 60d 0.97 1.00 0.95 1.03 0.91 1.11 0.88 B2 20d 0.57 0.73 0.57 0.74 0.54 0.82 0.48 40d 0.89 0.98 0.84 1.00 0.80 1.02 0.74 60d 1.07 1.12 0.98 1.21 0.91 1.24 0.86 B3 20d 0.70 — — 0.89 0.74 — — 40d 1.07 — — 1.29 0.82 — — 60d 1.22 1.31 1.20 1.38 1.10 1.41 1.03 Conclusions The air pollution is increasing seriously and acid rain damage is also growing along with the industrialization process.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Jian Chun Wu
Improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 method to basically have precious metals deposits, metal ion doping [2] [3].
1 Experimental procedure
1.1 Experimental raw material
Anatase nano-TiO2(mean grain size 10nm),FeCL3, AgNO3, CeSO4, ammonium tungstate, ammonium metavanadate
1.2 Experimentation method
Fig.1 is the modified process of Nanometer titanium dioxide.TiO2
H2O
Stirring
Ultrasonic dispersion
drying
Heat Treatment
Composite material
Formaldehyde degradation
Metal salt
盐
Fig.1 The modified process of Nanometer titanium dioxide
Choose doping metal salt and transform them into 1.0 g/L solution.
(1) Q——Formaldehyde degradation rate (%) W0——Formaldehyde initial concentration(ppm) Wi——formaldehyde concentration after 48h(ppm) 1.4 Bacteria inhibitive rate 1ml initial bacterial suspension as a reference to the contrast liquid measure which the initial number of bacteria, antibacterial materials and 1ml of the initial mixing bacteria and then to join in the conical flask with 100ml of sterile water, and then tapered bottle placed on the oscillation case, cultured for 24 hours in a constant temperature of 30 ℃ environment, measurement of the remaining total number of live bacteria to the quantitative evaluation of the antibacterial properties of the material.
Nanometer TiO2 with large surface area and strong adsorption capacity can absorb a large number of •OH and water molecules which improve the efficiency of the reaction[4]-[8].
(1) Q——Formaldehyde degradation rate (%) W0——Formaldehyde initial concentration(ppm) Wi——formaldehyde concentration after 48h(ppm) 1.4 Bacteria inhibitive rate 1ml initial bacterial suspension as a reference to the contrast liquid measure which the initial number of bacteria, antibacterial materials and 1ml of the initial mixing bacteria and then to join in the conical flask with 100ml of sterile water, and then tapered bottle placed on the oscillation case, cultured for 24 hours in a constant temperature of 30 ℃ environment, measurement of the remaining total number of live bacteria to the quantitative evaluation of the antibacterial properties of the material.
Nanometer TiO2 with large surface area and strong adsorption capacity can absorb a large number of •OH and water molecules which improve the efficiency of the reaction[4]-[8].
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Yun Hae Kim, Riichi Murakami, Jin Woo Lee, Dong Myung Lee, Jin Cheol Ha, Pang Pang Wang
The samples were numbered A through E and 1 through 6.
The A-E samples were numbered according to the atmosphere temperatures, which were RT, 70, 110, 150 and 190 ℃, respectively. 1-6 were numbered according to the sputtering times for the Ag electrodes in intervals of 10 seconds.
The mobility of the samples can be expressed as (1) Where μi, μl, and μg are the mobility corresponding to ionized impurities, lattice vibration, and grain-boundary scattering, respectively.
The A-E samples were numbered according to the atmosphere temperatures, which were RT, 70, 110, 150 and 190 ℃, respectively. 1-6 were numbered according to the sputtering times for the Ag electrodes in intervals of 10 seconds.
The mobility of the samples can be expressed as (1) Where μi, μl, and μg are the mobility corresponding to ionized impurities, lattice vibration, and grain-boundary scattering, respectively.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Lin Tang, Yong Feng Guo, Mu Xi Wang
But how to control the powders grain suspended in kerosene subside speed?
From the above, we confirm the stir groove diameter T is 600mm, the oar diameter Dj is 200mm, the oar width B is 35mm, the number of oar leaf is 6 and its angle is 45˚, the width of baffle W is 50mm and the number is 4.The stir Renault Re can be calculate from formula (4): (4) So the Re is 6.4×104.The power of stir can be calculate from formula (5): (5) In the formula (5), Np is power coefficient, we choose Np is 2 , we calculate the stir power N is13.8W.
The number of impeller segment has the relation to the ratio of depth and diameter.
From the above, we confirm the stir groove diameter T is 600mm, the oar diameter Dj is 200mm, the oar width B is 35mm, the number of oar leaf is 6 and its angle is 45˚, the width of baffle W is 50mm and the number is 4.The stir Renault Re can be calculate from formula (4): (4) So the Re is 6.4×104.The power of stir can be calculate from formula (5): (5) In the formula (5), Np is power coefficient, we choose Np is 2 , we calculate the stir power N is13.8W.
The number of impeller segment has the relation to the ratio of depth and diameter.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Vinod Kumar, Amitesh Kumar
A number of researchers have studied the effect of alloying element on eutectoid transformation and mechanical properties of casting [4-6].
Table 1: Thermophysical Properties of Gray cast Iron Properties Values Thermal conductivity 22.2 W/m/K Density 6530 Kg/ m3 Specific Heat 0.9 kJ/kg/K Latent Heat 241 kJ/kg Solidus Temperature 1167 0C Liquidus Temperature 1175 0C Experimental Sand mould was made silica sand of AFS 70 grain fineness number, 5% bentonite and water were added.
Table 2: Dimension of different step of stepped bar STEP NUMBER LABEL DIMENSION (mm) 1 S1 46 x 50 x 3 2 S2 52 x 50 x 5 3 S3 50x 50 x 12 4 S4 50.5 x 50 x 20 Results and Discussions Simulation of Solidification of stepped bar: Simulation of solidification of stepped bar was carried out on the platform of finite element method based mold filling and casting software Pro-Cast 2008.
Table 1: Thermophysical Properties of Gray cast Iron Properties Values Thermal conductivity 22.2 W/m/K Density 6530 Kg/ m3 Specific Heat 0.9 kJ/kg/K Latent Heat 241 kJ/kg Solidus Temperature 1167 0C Liquidus Temperature 1175 0C Experimental Sand mould was made silica sand of AFS 70 grain fineness number, 5% bentonite and water were added.
Table 2: Dimension of different step of stepped bar STEP NUMBER LABEL DIMENSION (mm) 1 S1 46 x 50 x 3 2 S2 52 x 50 x 5 3 S3 50x 50 x 12 4 S4 50.5 x 50 x 20 Results and Discussions Simulation of Solidification of stepped bar: Simulation of solidification of stepped bar was carried out on the platform of finite element method based mold filling and casting software Pro-Cast 2008.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: C.S. Kim, S.I. Kwun
The final grain size and UTS of the specimens were
approximately 41 ㎛ and 261 MPa for Cu, and 54 ㎛ and 348 MPa for the Cu-35Zn alloy, respectively.
Therefore, the dislocation cell structure is believed to be more sensitive to changes in the ultrasonic parameters than a planar array of dislocation. 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cu-35Zn Cu ∆ε∆ε∆ε∆εt / 2 = 0.3% Stress(MPa) Number of cycles(N) Fig. 1.
Change in the cyclic stresses with the number of cycles under a constant total strain amplitude.
It was shown that the dislocation density increased with increasing number of fatigue cycles, as shown in Fig. 2.
Therefore, the dislocation cell structure is believed to be more sensitive to changes in the ultrasonic parameters than a planar array of dislocation. 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cu-35Zn Cu ∆ε∆ε∆ε∆εt / 2 = 0.3% Stress(MPa) Number of cycles(N) Fig. 1.
Change in the cyclic stresses with the number of cycles under a constant total strain amplitude.
It was shown that the dislocation density increased with increasing number of fatigue cycles, as shown in Fig. 2.