Search results

The use of such MMC enables to reduce the weight of parts and structural elements by 15-50% and to increase one-and-a-half times or twice as much their rigidity as compared to similar metal materials (for example, steel, titanium and aluminum alloys), thus enhancing the effectiveness, design reliability and the considerable reduction of operating costs as compared to polymer composites [1–6].
An originally used titanium alloy (Ti-6-4) clutch was replaced with an Al – SiC-based MCM; on Intercity-Express trains disks made of an Al – SiC-based MCM are currently used instead of cast-iron brake discs resulting in the reduction of a train set weight by 10 tons [3, 7].
Analog material Duralcan W6D22A One of the advantages such as the reduction in the cost of initial materials results from the disuse of powder components.
Papers [15–23] contain the review of literary data on the fuse welding of aluminum-alloys matrix composite materials dispersion-reinforced by particles or whiskers of silicon carbide, boron, titanium, aluminum oxide and silicon nitride.

The material reuse business model impacts the value creation for the partners involved in the network: the use of secondary materials can allow cost savings if the price is steady (but it can also imply high costs due to logistics or labor); the recovery and reuse innovative processes can promote employment creation; it results in the reduction of the overall life cycle costs related to the value chain; the reduced environmental impacts can improve the corporate image [8].
The geographic proximity allows the use of local infrastructure and the reduction of logistics cost, but exchanges along a supply chain (depending also by the type and value of the waste or by-product stream) can make synergies and exchanges advantageous over long distances [11].
Dimension Nr Key enabler Yes/Not Social S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Trust environment Environmental awareness Spontaneous and self-organized approach Internal and external network of the relation between companies Community Awareness & Education Activities Programs Y N Y N N Economic E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 Operational cost reduction New business opportunities Identification of saving in the waste management National funding Private contribution Y Y Y Y N Policy P1 P2 P3 P4 Promotion of the industrial policy Environmental tax policy Promotion of network and waste market Promotion of framework for CE Y Y N Y Management M1 M2 M3 Promotion of protocols and formal agreements Diversification of the traditional business approach Promotion of spontaneous negotiation “one-to-one negotiations” N Y Y Technological T1 T2 T3 T4 Facilities that allow the technological viability of synergy Improving the process, incorporation of technologies Network Promotion Digitization
Apart from some adaptation of the production plants to the innovative industrial processes, the technology improvement will allow better control of production processes, data availability, wastes and resources.

While when the power of Ni range from 20 to 60 W, the Rq for the sample shows a obviously reduction compared to pure NbN coating (S0).
Therefore, in this work, we believe that the NbN/Ni coatings with various Ni content have similar reason for the reduction of surface roughness of NbN coatings.
However, with further increase of Ni powers, the values of H3/E2 go down quickly which could be due to the significant reduction of hardness in these coatings.
In order to further research the tribo-film of the NbN/Ni coatings, the EDS data of the wear track for the NbN/Ni coating (S2, 40 W) was acquired after the tribological testing, which is shown in Fig. 6 (b-c).

These e- and h+ can further take a role in reduction and oxidation process of pollutant [11].
The decrease in MB absorbance is in line with the reduction in concentration.
The data of total degradation efficiencies of MB can be seen in Table 1.
[20] Burek, B.O., Bahnemann, D.W., Bloh, J.Z., Modeling and Optimization of the Photocatalytic Reduction of Molecular Oxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide over Titanium Dioxide, ACS Catalysis 9(1) (2019) 25-37.

Moreover, the fermentation process for the production of VFAs offers the advantage of reduction in sludge volume and subsequent land requirement for disposal [5,6].
This might be due to the following three aspects: (i) proteins which were always the dominate organics in excess sludge could be directly degraded to produce acetic acid via reductive deamination or oxidation-reduction known as the Stickland reaction by anaerobic fermentation bacteria[20]; (ii) acetic acid could be converted from other higher-chain VFAs like propionic or butyric acid by hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria; (iii) The fact that the activities of methanogenic microorganisms was inhibited could lead to accumulate acetic acid.
However, whether further decreasing or increasing the pH resulted in a significant reduction of consumed total proteins.
This explained why the concentration of total VFAs rapidly increased in the early fermentation, and then remained relatively stable during the rest time of fermentation (data not shown).

This situation eventually exhibits large increase in stress followed by a rapid reduction in strain reduction, i.e. its densification region, as it approaches its failure limits [10].
This agrees with findings from Kakooi, et, al [23], where significant reduction of crack in concrete was observed followed by an increase in compressive strength of concrete.
The data for penetration depth (mm) was directly measured from the slab specimens.

This test data in Table 2 and Fig. 1.
Grinding excitation materials effect on the compressive strength of fly ash Analyze the test of the fineness and specific surface area, the incorporation of grinding exciting materials A, B, C bring about the fineness of fly ash and the specific surface area were increased; illustrate the excitation materials A, B, C have a grinding effect, to stimulate the 45μm sieve percent of materials B largest reduction.
The incorporation of grinding materials, mechanical grinding, the purpose is to change the surface structure, particle composition, surface of fly ash particles are packaged effectively by excitation materials. so that the surface energy between the particles and the surface tension reduction, increased spherical particles, play the "ball" effect, increased mobility, improve workability system, thereby reduce water demand ratio[1-2].
Study on Mechanical force -chemistry of the Size Reduction Process of Fly Ash with Grinding aids[J].Chongqing Environmental Sciences,2003,25(11),68-70

Along with the implementation of the national policy for energy conservation and emission reduction in our country, building energy conservation has been attached great importance by people.
In order to solve this problem, we first need to nondimensionalize these data, convert the mechanical index, thermal index and unit weight of each block into dimensionless numerical index, and then use weighted summation method for optimization calculation and analysis.
Compare the ANSYS results of initial optimization in figure 4 and table 5, we found that after the quadratic optimization and reduction of vertical rib thickness, the stiffness of transverse rib and vertical rib gets redistribution.
Compared with the prototype, the reduction rate is 3.8%.

To the major advantages belong the insulation properties (acoustic, thermal, vibration) and weight reduction [1 – 3].
Flow curves for the specified temperature and velocity boundary conditions were plotted based on the data from [10].
Probably the reduction of time step can clear the temperature gradient pro simulation step in a run.
Hungerbach, Metallic hollow sphere structures – examples for future noise reduction application, in: G.

One can note, however, that the ever stricter regulations regarding the emission of hazardous substances as well as laws aiming at the reduction of fuel consumption (reduction of CO2 emission directly related to total fuel combustion) result in a constant strive for search of the methods that can enable these requirements to be fulfilled.
Brunt, et al, “The Calculation Of Heat Release Energy From Engine Cylinder Pressure Data”, SAE Paper 980152 (1998) [3] Bieniek A.: Conception of cylinder pressure based diesel injection control system, Journal of KONES, Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 18, No. 3 (2011) 27- 35 [4] Bieniek A., Mamala J.
Karkkainen, “Multicylinder Diesel Engine Design For HCCI Operation”, Presentation To The Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction (Deer) Conference (2006) [6] M.