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Investigations on the oxidation of chips during machining by injection of nitrogen into a closed working chamber could not contribute to a reduction in oxidation despite atmospheric oxygen content of 3 % [14].
Table 1: Composition wt% of Grade 5 Ti-6Al-4V Al C Fe N O V H Ti 5.5 – 6.75 0.1 0.3 0.05 0.2 3.5 – 4.5 0.015 Balance Table 2: Coating specifications after Wolf Coatings GmbH data sheet Coating TiN TiAlN CrAlN Micro hardness HV 0.05 2700 3400 3500 Friction coefficient [-] dry, against steel 0.3 0.4 0.4 Thickness [µm] 0.9 3.2 2.7 Aprox.
However, a reduction of the oxygen content in the atmosphere leads to an increase in tool life for the TiN and TiAlN coated tools.
One reason for the increase in tool life can be the reduction in coating oxidation.

This means that, after a two hours reheating cycle at 1200°C, two pre-rolling steps with 20% reduction were given above 1100°C.
Finishing was performed in five passes with a total reduction of 55 % to obtain large reductions below the non-recrystallization temperature resulting in finer grain sizes.
The data obtained from the mechanical tests allowed to propose the following empirical relationships for the lower YS, TS and DBTT low carbon steels with the Nb/C ratio: The relationships are of a parabolic nature and show a maximum for YS and TS when the Nb/C ratio is between 4 and 5.

Their main advantage is increased resistance against formation of recrystallized coarse surface layer and also reduction in the production cost [1, 2].
EBSD data were analyzed using HKL Channel 5 software, where the Inverse Pole Figure (IPF) and IPF maps together with grain size and grain boundaries were evaluated.
Materials ductility is also affected, where the ductility and percent reduction area (Z) decreases notably in comparison to as-cast, but they slowly increase with increasing deformation magnitude.
The yield and ultimate tensile strength decrease after 70% deformation, while the ductility and percent area reduction are increasing.

Barker et al. [9] used Fe2O3 as iron source and pointed out that the addition of carbon which was a high surface area carbon black to the precursor could reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, and this method for the synthesis of LiFePO4 is known as CTR (carbothermal reduction).
XRD data collected by step-scanning method over an angular 2θ range from 10º to 80º with a step interval of 0.04º and a count time of 3s per step were analyzed by the Rietveld method using a RIETAN97 software to obtain the phase abundance.
When the dried gel was sintered in pure N2 and the temperature reached to the decomposition of the organic carbon net, the sudden strong in-situ reductive gas may likely result in the reduction of Fe3+ and P5+ neighboring, and thus favored the formation of Fe2P.
Reductive gas containing more hydrogen (15-20%) lead to the further reduction of Fe2+ and P5+ to generate Fe2P, and the sample synthesized in 20 vol % H2 + N2 showed the best rate performance.

The use of (CFAs) within the bulk of an adhesive or primer to induce a one–off disbond has been investigated to show that the effective expansion of a cured adhesive will result in a reduction of bonded joint strength [10].
Data for PFAs used.
However, joints made with Betamate XD4600 exhibited a drastic 90% loss of strength; we think this reduction can be directly linked to a significant change in the adhesive’s internal structure.
The presence of PFAs in an epoxy adhesive bondline can result in a severe reduction in joint performance.

These modifications, by itself, significantly reduced the cost of the process, as synthetic rutile is rather cheap (USD 2/kg), and the elimination of an autoclave results in power consumption reduction during the process.
XRD and EDXRF analysis also shows the reduction, and finally the elimination, of Fe (Fe2O3) and Si (SiO2) during the processes, and the incorporation of Zr and Nb throughout the modified hydrothermal process.
The leaching process induces three events; recrystallization, removal of impurities, and crystallite size reduction.
The common chemicals/precursor in the hydrothermal process is usually chemicals that are deemed hazardous and expensive such as titanium alkoxide, titanium butoxide, as detailed in Titanium (IV) Butoxide: Material Safety Data Sheet.

As can be seen from Figs. 2 and 3, replacing the river sand with RPB resulted in significant reduction in the mechanical properties of the geopolymer concrete.
The low elasticity modulus of the crumbed rubber caused the strength reduction in geopolymer.
The strength reduction with increased RPB content could also be explained in a similar fashion.
Plastics-the Facts 2013 An Analysis of European Latest Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data. (2013)

The collected experimental data was used the ordered method to sort the tolerance ability toward SO2 of 10 tested trees species.
Table 2 displays the net photosynthetic rate of tested trees reduction after fumigation.
After 48 hours fumigation with 600 ppb SO2, the net photosynthetic rate of Viburnum odoratissimum had the maximum exchanges of all tested trees with 16% reduction after fumigation.
Table 3 displays the stomata conductance of tested trees reduction after fumigation.

Introduction The energy need for heating and mostly its reduction for the purpose of energy savings and environmental protection is very often discussed nowadays.
Heat losses are thus one of the input data for determination of energy need for heating.
The improving thermal-insulation properties of envelope constructions generally affect the reduction of energy need for heating.
As for overall impact of the renewal and reduction of the influence of thermal bridges on energy need for heating, the greatest savings, i.e. almost 65 % was achieved in fourth and fifth variant of renewal of the family house in comparison to the original state.

Ten major energy conservation projects is the important content of Energy Medium and Long Term Planning, included in National Economic and Social Development Five-Year Plan, is an important engineering measures to achieve the "Eleventh Five-Year" unit GDP energy consumption reduction goal of 20%.
Similarly, the actual pipe network just need to work in the C1 point, hence B1C1 section head of waste, but better than no speed reduction in A1B1 section head of waste.
When the flow Q respectively is Q1 and Q2, in accordance with the corresponding pipe network characteristics to adjust the speed of lift respectively is n1 and n2, working condition respectively is C1 and C2, then just pump pressure is in agreement with pipe network, no extra lift waste water than the constant pressure mode to reduce the B1C1 section head of waste, the situation better than no speed reduction A1C1 section head of waste.
[5] Wang Rongtao, WANG Xinjiang, “Variable frequency control water supply system and data acquisition research ”.