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The specimens were also subjected to material tests to reveal its inner structure, quality of a grain and chemical composition of the material.
For further differentiation between the specimens, the ones with the same alignment are marked with the same number and each pair is distinguished by alphabetical suffix (Figure 3).

A number of functional groups that it possesses influence the chemical and biological properties of glucose.
The decrease in the grain size was observed when CdZnS was treated with CTAB and glucose as capping agent [25].
The I-V properties of CdZnS QDs can be affected in a number of ways by the addition of a capping chemical to their surface.
Granular morphology was observed in the SEM images with uniform distribution of grains.
No noticeable deep level emissions exist, indicating that the samples have a lower number of defects.

（a） （b） Fig.2 Relationship between PSI and magnetic field intensity（a）tab water（b）aqueous solution Mechanism When recycled water is tap water, appropriate magnetic field strength and the circulating water rate will help CaCO3 homogeneous nucleation and accelerate the crystallization rate, generated the number of small size grains.
When the recycled water is the configure solution of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate, the recycled water is a saturated solution of CaCO3, due to magnetic treatment accelerated nucleation but inhibit nucleation grew up, and magnetic treatment solution to generate a number small size of calcium carbonate grains.
After crystallization of CaCO3 saturated solution proceed out of the magnetic field region, due to the Kelvin effect that the large particles in the solution will continue to grow, the smaller particles should dissolve, the final result will be a small number of grain size which volume the larger [19-23].

ZnS thin films fabricated by spin coating have larger grains and rough surface with unequal grains scattered over surface in different orientations.
While, zinc sulfide thin films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering have smooth surface with equal size of grains scattered over the surface of thin film.
Unequal stoichiometric ratio revealed that supplied RF power of 40 W is not enough to sputter the equal number of zinc and sulfur atom [25].
As the atomic mass of sulfur (32.065u) is less than atomic mass of zinc (65.38 u), which can be another reason to that 40 W power is unable to sputter equal numbers of zinc and sulfur atoms due to difference in atomic mass.
As zinc blende crystal structure is denser than wurtzite structure, hence number of atoms in zinc blende structure will be more than wurtzite structure.

As presented in Figure 2, sample a revealed spherical inclusions and networks along the grain boundaries.
Figure 3 revealed some dark sections surrounding the grain boundaries, which could be attributed to the etching solution.
The peaks observed at 2θ values of 27.53 and 31.83o were in accordance with that of bulk HAp crystals (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card number: 9-432), confirmed exactly to the previous bone-derived HAp XRD image [39].
Chen, Significantly improved corrosion resistance of heat-treated Mg–Al–Gd alloy containing profuse needle-like precipitates within grains.
Jones, Effects of secondary phase and grain size on the corrosion of biodegradable Mg–Zn–Ca alloys.

But when number of pass exceeds 4 times, the surface roughness of this kind of composites will not drop but slightly rise.
Therefore, for such composites, both burnishing force and number of pass have their optimal zones.
From the experiment, burnishing force between 350450N and number of pass between 23 are the optimum parameters.
Because NbC has small grain size and a good compatibility with iron matrix, its strengthening mechanism mainly depends on Orowan strengthening [8,9].
Surface roughness significantly reduces with the decrease of feed rate or the increase of number of pass.

Hou et al. reported the influence of cyclic stress ratio, number of loading and ambient stress on the strain of composite cement soil under cyclic loading[4].
They have a fine-grained structure and are calcareous cementitious.
Finally, a sine wave was applied to the dynamic cyclic loads and the number of cycles was set to be 500 000.
After a certain numbers of cycles, the dynamic strain increases in a slow rate.
(a) Dynamic strain–number of cycles (b) Dynamic stress–strain Fig. 3 Hysteresis curve of the combined sample with good contact (a) Dynamic strain–number of cycles (b) Dynamic stress–strain Fig. 4 Hysteresis curve of the combined sample containing weak layer (a) Dynamic strain–number of cycles (b) Dynamic stress–strain Fig. 5 Hysteresis curve of the combined sample containing weak layer and water Fig. 6 shows the changes in the cumulative plastic strain against the number of cycles under different contact states.

Introduction At the last international meeting on recrystallisation and grain growth there was general consensus of the need to incorporate experimental microstructures as starting configurations into computer models of various kinds.
Each cell can exist in one of a number states, and transition between states is dependent on rules.
An EmbryoCA is specified with a list of n rules that have the following format:4 if (variable = number) then do consequence where variable can be either the internal variable that keeps track of the number of divisions that the automaton has gone through, or the number of neighbours in the Moore neighbourhood [8].
The two point correlation function used is described in the following equation: f(d) = 1 N2s NsX i=0 nd (1) where d is the correlation distance, Ns is the total number of cells that belong to a given phase in the matrix and nd is the number of cells of the phase being characterised that are separated at distance d from cell i.
Using a multi objective fitness function raises a number of issues about how the different criteria should be compared and weighted.

In addition, the release order to make latex grains in nuclear and the shell happened between graft or through each other, improve the nuclear shells of polymer compatibility, and get more uniform particle size distribution of the emulsion, storage stability better.
Table 2 Homemade cationic monomer proportion in total monomer Sample number 1 2 3 Homemade cationic monomer proportion in total monomer 5% 6% 7% Table 3 Influence on product performance of cationic monomer proportion Sample number particle size(μm) Zeta potential (+mv) 1 0.167 22.3 2 0.158 26.2 3 0.142 29.2 Table 4 Influence on papersheet strength performance of cationic monomer proportion Sample number Tensile index (N.m/g) Tensile index growth Ring crush index(N.m/g) Ring crush index growth 1 17.1 5.0% 8.27 18.4% 2 17.8 9.0% 8.20 17.4% 3 18.7 16% 8.23 17.8% none 16.3 0 6.98 0 Influence of Ammonium Sulfate Addition Amount.
Strengthening effect of emulsion number 4-7 and number 3 was listed in Table 6.
Strengthening effect of emulsion number 8,9 and 3 was listed in Table 8.
Table 6 Influence on strength performance of (NH4)2SO4 addition amount Sample number Tensile index (N.m/g) Tensile index growth Ring crush index(N.m/g) Ring crush index growth 4 18.3 12.5% 8.30 18.9% 5 17.2 5.3% 8.04 15.1% 6 17.6 8.1% 8.58 22.9% 3 18.7 16% 8.23 17.8% 7 18.4 12.8% 8.10 15.9% none 16.3 0 6.98 0 Table 7 Influence of initiator dosage on the products performance Sample number initiator dosage(%total monomer) particle size(μm) Zeta potential (+mv) 8 1.0 0.128 31.0 9 0.8 0.135 30.3 3 0.6 0.142 29.2 Table 8 Influence on strength performance of initiator dosage Sample number Tensile index (N.m/g) Tensile index growth Ring crush index(N.m/g) Ring crush index growth 8 18.2 11.5% 8.28 18.7% 9 18.4 12.7% 8.27 18.5% 3 18.7 1 6% 8.23 17.8% none 16.3 0 6.98 0 Conclusion With methyl acrylate, styrene, acrylamide and homemade cationic monomer as the main reaction monomer, a series of clean cationic polymethyl acrylate emulsion were synthesized using no soap emulsion

In addition, the influence of the burnisher passes number on the friction factor was determined.
Burnishing process enables surface working at high dimensional precision (the accuracy class 7 and 6) which gives the following advantages [4, 5]: - ability to achieve high smoothness (Ra = 0.32 – 0.04 µm) of the surface and high bearing surface of roughness profile 90%, - increasing the surface hardness, - increasing resistance to surface fatigue and volumetric fatigue, - increasing resistance to abrasive wear and scuffing, - lack of abrasive grain, chips, sharp and hard built-up edge fragments on burnished surface, - possibility of using burnish tools on universal lathes ( the concept of one stand working), - eliminating or limiting the time consuming operations such as honing, lapping, grinding and polishing, - ability to eliminate heat treatment in specific cases, - high process efficiency (one working transition of a tool) and reduction of production costs, - high durability of burnishing tools.
The influence of the number of burnishing passes on surface roughness and surface layer hardness was also determined within the research.
Labuda, Estimation of the influence of passes number burnishing tool on ships pumps shafts surface layers strengthening and roughness changes, Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Zakopane 16(4) (2009) 43–50