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In cold forging processes, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have become established as a wear protection for forging dies, featuring high hardness and advantageous friction properties.
Introduction The economic efficiency of forging processes depends on various factors.
According to Wang et. al, a modification of the treatment atmosphere can affect wear-reducing properties such as high hardness.
This is attributed to an increased nitrogen content affecting the formation of nitrides.
Behrens, Adapted surface properties of hot forging tools using plasma technology for an effective wear reduction, Wear 330-331 (2015) 429-438

., into the concrete which affect the reinforcements in the concrete by triggering corrosion; the structure is then susceptible to failure.
Shrinkage cracks, chemical reaction cracks, alkali-aggregate and clay in aggregate cracks, sulphate attack cracks, thermal contraction cracks, segregation cracks, formwork deformation cracks, settlement cracks, freezing and thawing cracks, corrosion cracks, cracks due to applied loads, static loading and fatigue are some of the cracks affecting concrete in their plastic and hardened states [4].
The capsules must not affect the workability and mechanical properties of the concrete.
However, when the capsules are broken, they leave a void in the concrete which affects the mechanical strength of the concrete and they are not very much workable.
Results and Discussion 3. 1 Slump and Compaction Factor Test According to CivilSir [16], concrete with very low workability has a slump value of 0 – 25 mm and a compaction factor value in the range of 0.75 to 0.80; low workability has a slump value of 25 – 50 mm and a compaction factor value of 0.87; medium workability has a slump value of 50 – 100 mm and a compaction factor value of 0.9375; high workability has a slump value of 100 – 175 mm and a compaction factor value of 0.90.

The results showed woven glass fibers with clay powder together significantly increased the mechanical properties of PMMA.
Over the years, several studies have been done to improve the mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate PMMA.
Incorporation of different sorts of additive affect values of mechanical properties.
Fatah, Effect of Reinforcement of High Impact Acrylic Resin With Zirconia on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties, Rev. de Clin.
Ahmed, Effect of Al2O3/ZrO2 Reinforcement on the Mechanical Properties of PMMA Denture Base, Journal Reinf.

Variability range of Sm and Sa depends on many factors of random origin closely related to the mode of a machine operation.
Calculation of fatigue life is largely affected by the results of experimental tests in the field of cyclic properties description, according to the stress based approach [1, 2, 7, 10], strain based approach [8] or energy based approach [6].
The parameter of plastic strain energy DWpl is determined on the basis of an analysis of stress-strain loop from the period of life characterized by stability of cyclic properties.
Cyclic properties of C45 steel were determined for specimens with geometrical characteristics defined on the basis of PN-84/H-04334 norm.
Boronski, Strain analysis at notch root in laser welded samples using material properties of individual weld zones, International Journal of Fatigue 74 (2015), pp. 71-80

Recently, the development of new membrane is one of the main factors for improvements in membrane technology field.
Blended polymers offers better prospect for the development of materials with valuable combination of properties [7].
Thus, blending hydrophilic has been widely studied since it is simple, relatively low cost, and effective in improving membrane permeability, antifouling property, higher chemical and mechanical strength [10].
The blended polymer would be able to produce the new types of membranes with wide diversity of properties as compared to pure polymer.
Preparation, morphologies and properties for flat sheet PPESK ultrafiltration membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 270, 146-153

During braking condition, both rotor and pads are exposed to road environmental particle which may affect pads surface condition.
This is because the nature of brake squeal are mysterious, unpredicted, and often non-repeatable due to its high dependency on a large number of interacting parameters, such as contact conditions, material properties and ever-changing operating conditions [1].
While the squeal pad surface with silica sand particles shows a changing on these particles which are believe to agglomerate at the pad surface known as grit embedment, a factor which contribute to modifying the surface morphologies and wear behaviour of friction surface.
The reduction of squeal level from maximum value of 92 dBA without silica sand particles to 85 dBA had shown that the silica sand particle affected the surface behaviour of pad samples.
Despite the result shows that silica sand significantly affect pad surface during squeal event however this might not demonstrate of full understanding of small particles effect.

Vehicle accident often caused serious loss of life and property once vehicle rollover accident occurred.
This brings great security risk to life and property security [1].
Vehicle performance did not meet safety standards is a very important reason for vehicle accidents, coupling with human and environmental factors [2].
(2) Where, and are lateral force of front and rear wheel axles, and are distances of front and rear wheel axles from the center of gravity, is suspension roll stiffness, is suspension equivalent friction factors.
In fact, yaw rate and roll angle response are affected by the changes of height of center of mass.

Poly (ethylene glycol) PEG hydrogel has been used as a carrier matrix for the delivery of cell adhesive peptides [74, 75] and growth factors due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and tissue-like conformational properties [76, 77].
Black: Handbook of Biomaterial properties, In: Hasting G, editor.
Surface properties influencing biological adhesion.
Thiel et al.: Antibacterial properties of silver-doped titania, Small 3(5) (2007) p.799-803
Zioupos: Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone, Med Eng Phys 20(2) (1998) p.92-102

Compared to sand casting, permanent mould casting process allows the production of more uniform castings, with closer dimensional tolerances, better surface finish, and enhanced mechanical properties [1].
Fig. 1.The CAD model of a- the permanent mould, b-the cast part, c & d- finite elements meshes Material Properties.
The material properties of the mould are shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.Temperature dependent thermo-physical properties of the mould [6] and the casting alloy [7].
Then, the equation 5 and 7 are solved according to the fatigue material properties to determine the fatigue life.

The objective function F is now given as: where, is the error function discussed above, and is the penalty factors to be added to the objective function for violating the respective constraints.
The number of individuals directly affects the convergence of GA and computational efficiency, in this paper the number of individuals is chose to be 120.
To improve the mechanical properties, the method U/F is used to control the motor.
Firstly by studying the current mechanical device, a prescribed path is selected.
Finally, using the microcontroller to implement the modulation of inverter and improve the electric and mechanic properties of induction motor.