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The replacement of cast iron brake disks by carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramics leads to mass reduction in the range of 30 kg per vehicle and improves distinctly the drivability.
Table 1 Brake disks materials data material Cast Iron MMC (SiCP-Al) C/C Cf-SiC (SMC) Cf-SiC (Granulation) manufacturing technology casting squeeze casting autoclave and CVI SMC and silicon infiltration warm press molding of granulates and silicon infiltration density [g/cm³] 7.25 2.8 1.5 2.3 - 2.7 2.6 - 2.8 residual porosity [%] < 1 < 1 10 - 15 3 - 8 < 2 thermal expansion a200-1200°C [1/K*10-6] 9 - 13 ~ 21 1 - 2 4 - 6 4 - 5 5.5 HV01 [kg/mm²] 715 Al 60 SiC 2428 30 - 70 SiC 2428 Si 1345 C 70 SiC 2428 Si 1345 coefficient of friction µ (100 Cr 6 counterpart, standard conditions) 0.30 - 0.50 ~0.4 0.25 - 0.35 0.25 - 0.6 0.45 - 0.65 max. application temperature [°C] ~700 ~400 ~450 (atmosphere) ~1350 ~1350 σRm [MPa] 150 - 300 ~300 (tensile) 250 - 300 40 - 180 50 - 230 ε(σRm) [%] 0.3 - 0.8 0.6 (tensile) 0.8 - 1.0 0.1 - 0.35 0.1 - 0.15 materialmaterialmaterial Cast IronCast IronCast Iron MMC (SiCP-Al) MMC (SiCP-Al) MMC (SiCP-Al)
The short production time of the thixoforging process and the semi-solid state of the metal matrix ensures the reduction of fiber damage due to chemical reaction at the interface between fiber and matrix metal resulting in the formation sharp-edged and brittle aluminium carbide, which reduces the mechanical properties of the MMC significantly.
Due to its short cycle times and near-net-shape forming ability this new method for MMC production in the semisolid state provides a reduction of manufacturing time and costs in comparison to conventional MMC production technologies like squeeze casting or diffusion bonding.
MMC allow a further reduction of wall thickness and mass, thereby reducing the inertia with a promising potential in wheel suspension and power train of light weight passenger cars.

Observation of the Microstructure and Testing under Static, Dynamic and Variable Load Analysis of the tensile test results under static load (see Table 2) indicated that accelerated cooling significantly improved the strength level (especially, the yield stress) and resulted in a little a reduction in the R of A% and in notch toughness (Fig. 1).
There is data available in the literature, to confirm these results and it has been demonstrated that [5-7] additions of elements such as tantalum, titanium, niobium, aluminium to nitrogen-containing steels, i.e. binding of nitrogen into nitride phase, decreases susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking, or even eliminates it completely.
A reduction of the difference between TS and YS is characteristic; it decreases to 50 N/mm² at 700°C (Fig. 4). 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 200 400 600 800 Testing temperature, oC TS, YS, N/mm2 0 50 100 150 200 250 El., R. of A., % KCU, J/cm2 TS YS Elongation Reduction of Area KCU Figure 4.
Therefore, starting from about 600°C, the impact strength intensively grows, confirming stress reduction.
On testing at lower temperatures, strength is increased but reduction in ductility is insignificant, and its level is adequate.

Electromagnetic waves heat the oil reservoir, which leads to a reduction in the viscosity of the oil with a subsequent increase in oil production [1-8].
Their study showed numerical simulations of nanoparticle distribution, retention, porosity reduction, absolute permeability and oil recovery performance.
The peak positions at 2q = 31.85o, 34.29o, 36.18o, 47.55o, 56.63o, 62.85o, 66.38o, 68.00o and 69.22o are assigned to (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112) and (201) and show good agreement with those of the JCPDS (card no 80-0075) data for zinc oxide (ZnO) with a hexagonal wurtzite phase (lattice constants a = 3.242 Å and c = 5.176 Å).
A reduction in the permeability of the medium was also found.
This reduction was caused by an increase in the pressure from 2 to 3.2 psi, which indicated that SWNT blocked the pores and channels in the medium.

We examined the effect of graphene on nematode’s ability to reproduce and no reduction in progenies was detected (p>0.05).
As pharyngeal pumping rate indicates the uptake of food by C. elegans, these data indicate that the exposure to graphene and PLA-graphene did not affect the intake of food by C. elegans, thus suggesting these nanomaterials are not toxic to the worms.
Data shown are combinations of three independent experiments.
Data are presentative of two individual experiments.

The simulation results could agree, to a great extent, with the data acquired from the pilot plant experiment.
According to experimental data, λ is estimated to be about 0.2.
Calculated temperature profiles and experimental data in SCD column.
The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained in a SCD column.
Handbook of Petrochemical Data.

TEM data indicated that ~15nm of Ni nanoparticles were obtained and ~25nm of CdTe/Ni core shell dual functional nanoparticles were prepared.
Nickel magnetic nanoparticles were prepared via hydration hydrazine reduction process [11].
Agglomeration occurred when pH is over neutral conditions according to our experimental data (not shown here), and CdTe/Ni is hard to synthesize.
The data in Fig. 2 indicated that the reaction temperature was limited strictly in a narrow range, and the optimum temperature was 30°C.
Besides, we can see the MEW of Fig. 4c was linear and the fluorescence intensity close to zero, this datum further illustrated the reaction of preparing CdTe/Ni nano-composites was complete and no CdTe QDs residual in supernatant.

The micro-power wireless communication network needs to use non-timeslot CSMA/CA algorithm to access channels before sending data frame and MAC layer command frame.
When data is successfully sent, the value of the avoidance index BE returns to the minimum value and the avoidance window also returns to the minimum value.
However, as the network load is gradually increased, data volume to be transmitted in nodes of the network is also gradually increased.
If the data volume transmitted by a node is great or the node completes last transmission, there is a lot of margin on macMinB value to its competed channel.
The confidence interval is set to be 90% and the experimental data is the average value of the 30 groups of experiment results.

However, it is difficult to achieve the desired synchronous sampling in practical applications, which include synchronization error to affect the accuracy of the data analysis and the accuracy of the data measurement.
One solution is reducing the measurement error by processing the sampling data or correcting the measurement results when the synchronization errors are certain.
Data Sampling and Processing Design of A/D Interface.
b15 b14 b13 b12 b11 b0 1-bit valid data 3-bit channel information 12-bt data Figure 3 The structure of 16-bit output signal.
Start data sampling task DataSampleTask() while hanging on MearTTask() tasks.

And then based on neural network software, both boiler convection heat absorbing surface and radiate heat absorbing surface are implemented real-time monitoring by using DCS data.
By the application preformance, it is known that the intelligent root blowing optimize system based on neural network has achieved blowing soot in need; It greatly improves the economic benefits of power plant and the market competitiveness and comprehensive management level ,and it has great significance in energy-saving and reducing consumption, and reducing pollution and operation cost; It also comply with the long-term policy of national energy-saving and emission reduction.

The obtained spectroscopic data has been correlated with the conductivity performance of hexanoyl chitosan-based polymer electrolyte.
This in turn results in the reduction of ion mobility which leads to the decline in conductivity.