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Stability of Suspensions and Emulsions Containing Illitic Clays Inga Jurgelanea*, Agnese Stunda-Zujevab and Liga Berzina-Cimdinac Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia ainga.jurgelane@rtu.lv, bagnese.stunda-zujeva@rtu.lv, cliga.berzina-cimdina@rtu.lv Keywords: illitic clays, suspension stability, oil in water emulsions, viscosity, zeta potential Abstract.
Since Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions can be found in the octahedral sheet of clay mineral structure [9], the rest of iron can be from the structure of clay minerals.
Structures and mineralogy of clay minerals, in: F.

It is soluble in an acidic aqueous solution such as acetic acid, formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and difficult to be electrospun into the fibrous structure because it has polycationic character due to many amino groups in its backbone [12].
Major characteristics peaks of Fig. 3 lays on 844 cm-1 and 1658.78 cm-1 related to the saccharide structure and amino group (as the repeating unit of chitosan) [14].
Further information investigated by FTIR explains the chemical composition of the surface chemistry of fiber.
El-Zairy, “Chitosan as a Biomaterial –Structure, Properties, and Electrospun Nanofibers” in Concepts, Compounds and the Alternatives of Antibacterial edited by Varaprasad Bobbarala, InTech, EU, 2015

Removing the amorphous components affects on the structure and crystallinity of the fibers.
Thus, in the case of hydrolysis, the molecular structure of cellulose was not changed [7, 14].
The X-ray diffractograms show that the major intensity peaks at a 2θ value around 22.5° related to their crystalline structure for all samples.
Shiraishi, Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry.

The increases of TC and TPC are mainly attributed to liberation of more polyphenolic compounds from broken cell structure under thermal process.
Furthermore, some new substances with phenolic type structure, produced during the thermal process might also be the contributors to the increases of polyphenolic contents.
The great increase in TPC processed by roasting may be attributed to the degradation of phenolic compounds to polymer structures.
Liu: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Vol. 50 (2002), p. 3010

Sialite has a framework structure similar to feldspar and can also contain active metallic ions while remaining stable and durable
Through simulating the components, structure, formation process and function of natural rock, different kinds of pozzolanic silica-alumina rich industrial wastes can be mixed together in appropriate proportion along with rock-forming agent to produce Sialite.
Xu: Structure chemistry of the silicate (Construction Industry Press of China, China 1989) [3] J.

Electrophoretic Deposition of Star Polymer -Europium Chalcogenide Nanocomposite Films Suseela Somarajan 1,a,Saad A.Hasan2,b ,Melissa A.Harrison 2,c , Sameer V.Mahajan 2,d,Chinessa T.Adkins3,e,Eva.Harth3,f and James H.Dickerson*,1,g 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2 Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials science, 3 Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA.
Due to the anisotropic structure and conformational properties of the star polymer, we anticipate achieving an isotropic distribution of nanocrystals within the polymer matrix.
The surface structure and the composition of composite layers were investigated by using a Hitachi S-4200 scanning electron microscope, operating at 5 kV, coupled with an EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) detector.
c) b) a) nanomaterial by matching the primary diffraction peaks obtained with those of bulk EuS, which crystallizes in the rock salt crystal structure (JCPDF # 26-1419).

Structures used in the above fields are more often exposed to high temperature as well as moisture.
Moreover, the increase in moisture and temperature reduces the elastic modulus of the material and a considerable transient stresses are induced; consequently the durability as well as the safety of the structures are affected [4-7].
The degradation mechanism is acted on fiber and matrix and interface, at the same time, physics-chemistry changes are caused because of hygrothermal aging.
In the moisture absorption process, the swelling stress will be emerged in the interior of structure.

A solar cell made by a hybrid film of P3HT and cubic-like PbS Peng Wang1, a, Libo Fan1, 2, b *, Zhenhua Zhang3, Yan Lei2, Yange Zhang2, Pinjiang Li2 1College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China. 2Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China. 3Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China.
Results and discussion The XRD technique was used to characterize the phase structure and crystallinity of the as-prepared products.
Fig. 5 b shows the schematic device structure of the hybrid solar cells of Al/P3HT:PbS/PEDOT:PSS/ITO/Glass.
Fig. 5 a) The corresponding energy levels of the photovoltaic device based on the P3HT and PbS hybrid; b) The schematic device structure of the fabricated P3HT/PbS hybrid solar cells.

Thermal Plasma Processing of Functional Ceramic Materials Takamasa ISHIGAKI1, a , Ji-Guang LI 1,b and Yusuke MORIYOSHI 2,c 1 Nano Ceramic Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan 2 Dept. of Material Chemistry, Hosei University, 3-7-2, Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan a ISHIGAKI.Takamasa@nims.go.jp, b LI.Jiguang@nims.go.jp, cMoriyosi@k.hosei.ac.jp Keywords: RF thermal plasma, TiO2 nanoparticles, Fe-doping, Eu-doping, non-equilibrium composition.
Current research tends toward doping semiconducting compounds with Eu3+ ions, in hope that the luminescence properties might be controlled or tuned by utilizing the unique band-gap structure of the semiconductor host.
Raman spectra of the powders suggested that the oxygen vacancy level in the rutile structure has reached its maximum at about R=2%.
HRTEM observations indicate that the surplus oxygen vacancies in the samples with R above 2at% cluster to form extended defect structure like crystallographic shear plane (Fig. 1).

The initial chemistry, as shown in Fig. 1a, of the phosphors for this work was taken from a patent application [5] for explosive processing of electroluminescent powders by TNT.
The phosphor powders were examined in scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer to observe changes in particle size and crystal structure of the processed material.
The 950ºC heat treatment data is shown as a comparison for heat-treating to 800ºC without any explosive, unpublished results at 700ºC show little change in particle size, crystal structure, and UV PL response.
The changes in structure revealed by X-ray diffraction and the retention of the small grain size as shown in the SEM images could be important in further understanding the photoluminescent properties of this zinc sulfide phosphor.