Search results

Vacuum evaporation was a process which heated material by using vaporization and made the evaporated grain to spray on the substrate and formed solid film finally [6].
Open-circuit voltage was likely to the more recombination occurred in grain boundaries because of smaller grain size in low-temperature process compared with high-temperature process.
According to relevant research, incorporating a small number of sodium into CIGS thin film was contribute to improve its performance, thus, sodium was important to fabricate efficient CIGS thin film solar cells [15].
CIGS grain was smaller and the concentration of carrier was lower and there was high resistivity (In0.68Ga0.32)2Se3 phase in low temperature compared with in high temperature were discovered [17].

The grains, roughly round shaped, and grain agglomerates that dominate the microstructure, seem to be in a random orientation.
Typically, the conduction mechanism of metal semiconductor oxides is controlled by the amplitude of the potential barrier, which electronic superficial states due to chemical adsorption of oxygen species, for instance − 2O , induce in the grain surface and in the region between grains, an area depleted of electrons.
However it is perceptible when comparing the real part of the impedance plots at 40Hz, that, for the same working temperatures, when RH increases, impedance also increases (as the number of the physisorbed layers of water gets higher, for the same operating temperature, the complex impedance plot area increases instead of decreasing).

The chemical-mineral and grain composition data, properties and their correspondence to Russian Standard 25818 in order to use ash in the production of concrete and products based on it are presented.
The environmental safety, chemical composition, content of combustibles and free calcium oxide, the grain composition and specific surface area are the main characteristics for assessment of possibility of ash using in concrete production.
It is known that the addition of gypsum stone accelerates the interaction of Ca(OH)2 and silica resulting in an increasing of number of low-basic calcium hydrosilicates and increases the strength of cement stone [6].

Diagram of experiment platform principle Experiments show that the following size mass balance model (PBM) is the most suitable as a ore mill for grinding model: Which is the mass fraction of the i grain size at time t; is breakage distribution function, on behalf of the ore properties. is rate for the i particle of ore crushing, on behalf of the grinding rate.
A small number of technologically advanced processing plants also carried out the study of optimal control of mineral processing.
The number of optimal control of experimental conditions in the actual industrial field, the high cost, difficult, long cycle, there is a risk of causing discontinued.

Recognizing this, a number of studies have been performed in this system.
Tronsdal et al. [5] studied diffusion by employing the micro-radiography technique and concluded that grain boundary diffusion is dominant below 900 ºC whereas volume diffusion dominates above 1000ºC.
The number of foils stacked for each element is decided from the knowledge of the interdiffusion zone developed in the bulk diffusion couples.

The technology uses a liquid medium to replace the die or punch to deliver loader, in order to achieve pipe special shaped cross-section shape, which not only reduces the mold cost and shorten production preparation cycle; in the high pressure liquid acting, pipe only happen a non-cutting metal volume plastic transfer, significantly reducing the consumption of raw materials; in hydraulic forming, metal materials more dense grain structure, the metal flow line will not be cut off.
As the pipe length increases, the critical buckling instability pressure increasing, reducing the number of circumferential buckling wave; With the pipe thickness increasing, the critical buckling instability pressure increases, the number of circumferential buckling wave is also reduced; with a certain shape defected tube buckling instability pressure decreased significantly compared with the ideal pipe, but the basic shape will not affect the effect of forming parts.

TABLE 3 – ANOVA RESULTS FOR AVERAGE ROUGHNESS (RA) Legend: Sum of squares of effects (SQ), the number of degrees of freedom (Gl), mean square sum (SMQ) and the F statistic, ratio between SMQ and the SMQ error.
Kiliç, The effect of the cutting direction, number of blades and grain size of the abrasives on surface roughness of Taurus cedar (Cedrus Libani A.

High technology content and high added value products such as high indium, ITO target and indium containing semiconductor materials have not been able to form the market competitiveness, and low production, require a large number of imports from abroad.
Therefore, developing the technology of ITO target is an existing target of choice for deep-processing technology and is also very urgent and necessary[3-4].ITO nano-powder is widely used for preparation of ITO film and ITO target, and it is very strict for powder used for the preparation of ITO target, such as high purity, fine grain size and uniform.
It can be seen from the figure that there are a lot of amorphous material at 200℃ because crystalline phase transformation and solid-doping reaction are not complete under the low calcination temperature, the product is uneven and the main color of powder is blue, the electrical conductivity is poor because the diffraction peak is not obvious which can not produce a large number of conductive carrier, The peaks began to appear while the calcination temperature was above 400 ℃, and the peak half-width tend to narrow, crystal structure became to more complete while the calcination temperature increased to 600 ℃, When the calcination temperature increased to 800 ℃, the peaks became very sharp, crystal crystallized completely, the particle size increased, dispersion was good, and the main bod y color was pale yellow compared to 600 ℃, Better crystalline powder can be achieved above 600 ℃ according to the above analysis.

It not only takes up a lot of farm, forest land, and with the increase of number of tailings, the amount of land area will continue to increase.At the same time, by the influence of factors such as technical level, beneficiation technology, equipment performance, economic capacity, operation method,inevitable some useful elements into the tailings.
The resource of tailings Along with the social economic development, a large number of mines undressed ore resources are declining and even exhausted.
A study indicates that tailings on the resource characteristics is similar with the traditional building materials, ceramics, glass raw or other basic material , actually it is processed into fine grained incomplete mixture, mix can be used in the production.

Material and Experiments The material investigated within the CRC 920 is a fine grained carbon bonded alumina (Al2O3-C).
This is equal for SPT as well as B3B because the stress at the central point is independent from the number of supporting points [2].
The number of specimens tested for each setup is 30.