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Connections provided by these types of connectors are semi-rigid connections, which have affect to the efficiency of composite cross-section.
This type of composite member has several advantages, as a lower construction weight and positive thermal insulation and acoustic properties.
Therefore, Light-weight concrete Liapor disposes of positive mechanical and physical building properties.
Material properties of the concrete were specified as nonlinear material created by diagram shown in Fig. 3.
Material properties of the timber were created as linear orthotropic material with an elastic modules Ex = 11.6 GPa, Ey = 0.289 GPa, Ez = 0.789 GPa.

Good combination of density and mechanical properties has made them attractive due to requirement to improve fuel economy.
Since usage of Mg is limited mostly by corrosion properties and creep resistance, many studies in last decade have been concentrating on these issues [1].
Formation of Mg17Al12 phase decreases creep resistance as it quickly loses its properties at elevated temperature [3].
Ca and Sr in certain quantities also improve the mechanical properties by refinement of solid solution grain size, according to Hall-Petch equation [5].
It depends on several factors like chemical composition, microstructure, amount of impurities and manufacturing process.

Material Properties and Meshing.
The material of gear is 40Cr, and its mechanical properties are as follows: elastic modulus E=2.09×1011Pa, Poisson's ratio μ=0.3 and density ρ=7.82×103kg/m3.
This is mainly due to the traditional formula chooses the higher value of the tooth shape coefficient YFa and tooth root stress concentration factor YSa and ignores the effect of the compressive stress.
From the above analysis, we can see the tooth root bending strength fully meets the strength requirement and the surplus amount of strength is large (The gear allowable bending stress is 235MPa, which is multiplied by factor 0.7).
The modulus and the tooth width are two important parameters which affect the strength of gear.

In addition to that, other influence factors on the company and the manufacturing processes, such as scarcity of resources or labor availability, are commonly neglected or assumed as constants.
Adaptive and closed-loop control of forming processes As stated before, many manufacturing processes are widely sensitive to fluctuation in material properties.
This approach does not require a deep knowledge of the correlation between input properties, process values, and output properties.
Disadvantageously, an adaptation to fluctuation in input properties can only be made if they have already had an influence on the output quality.
If the comprehension of the process values is existent, at least by trend, the process can be adapted to the actual input properties before it is conducted.

Combining segments with various chiral properties can produce seeds with additive chiral properties illustrated in Fig. 5c.
There are numerous factors that affect their catalytic efficiency, such as ambient temperature, pressure, etc.
Different surfactants have different sensitivity to the structure of SWCNTs due to their specific physicochemical properties.
During the early day of carbon nanotube research, this approach based on the intrinsic properties of nanotubes has been adopted.
This characteristics with different bandgaps affect electronic properties.

The catalytic properties was tested at 800℃, atmospheric pressure, GHSV of 9000 ml3h-1g-1 and a CH4/CO2 molar ratio of 1.
In this study, SBA-15 was used as a support for Mo2C catalysts resulted in decrease of particle size and increase of specific surface area of metal oxide, both are favorable factors for better performance of carbon dioxide reforming of methane.
The textural properties of supports influence catalytic activity in two ways.
XRD analysis was used to identify the SBA-15 property of the catalysts.
Q Lu., Preparation, characterization, and catalytic properties of clay-based nickel catalysts for methane reforming, J. colloid Interface Sci .

Thermal Effects Caused by Inclusions in Optical Films Irradiated by CW Laser Caihua Huang, Xiaohua Sun, Yihua Sun and Jun Zou School of mechanical and material engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China email: caihuah2009@126.com, Keywords: Laser induced damage, thermal effect, damage morphology, optical film Abstract.
The laser-induced thermal damage can be effected by many factors, such as material property, the size and distribution of inclusions, the pulse duration [4,5,6].
Every physical model can not consider all the factors and depict the interaction of these factors accurately.
Although all the factors mentioned above can affect the thermal damage of film, the dominated factor can be determined by the damage morphology.

Failure Analysis on Heat Exchanger Tube Bundle Exposed to Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Siti Nur Farhana Mazlan1,a*, Ismail A.1,b, Lokman M Noh Lokman2,c, Ahmad S.1,d 1Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia 2Advanced Petrochemical Company, Jubail Industrial Area 1, 31961 Saudi Arabia afarhanamazlan29@gmail.com, bazzura@uthm.edu.my, clokman.ccesb@gmail.com, dsufizar@uthm.edu.my Keywords: Failure Analysis, Naphthenic Acid Corrosion (NAC), Heat Exchanger (HE), stainless steel 410 (SS410) Abstract.
Naphthenic acid corrosion processes is complicated as it is affected by many factors such as temperature, velocity, acid and sulphur content in the oil or pressure.
As a result, SS410 was chose as tube bundle in HE at most refinery due to good in mechanical properties and reasonable cost.
In this present study, the failure analysis study was done according to ASTM G161-00 (Standard Guide for Corrosion- Related Failure Analysis) [2] on failed HE tube bundle and corrosion factor was listed as a guide for future material selection.
Pitting attack promoted by acid condensate, naphthenic acid corrosion assisted by mechanical component (friction and impingement), and naphthenic acid corrosion where the flow regime affects the fluid corrosively occurred in a vacuum distillation plant after it had been processed.

This experiment shows that the chemical properties of the cracked shell (chloride ions and organic matter content) can have a greater influence on durability than the mechanical properties of permeable concrete.
Razaei, “Effect of Natural Pozzolan on Concrete’s Mechanical Properties and Permeability in Various Grades of Cement”
Mohammad et al., “Physical and mechanical properties of fired industrial waste-clay bricks from clam shells and soda lime silica glass,” Mater.
Yu, “Unified calculation method and its application in determining the uniaxial mechanical properties of concrete,” Front.
SPRINKEL, “Concrete Properties,” Transp.

Damage affects structural physical properties including stiffness, mass, and damping, which consequently changes the structural response behaviour and alters the current and future performances.
In order to employ the Bayesian framework, the analytical model is parameterized in terms of structural stiffness K as an assembly of element stiffness matrices assuming that damage affects only the stiffness properties of the structure.
The material properties for the undamaged beam are mass density of 2400 kg/m3, Young’s modulus of 30GPa, and Poisson’s ratio of 0.25.
Heylen, An hybrid real genetic algorithm to detect structural damage using modal properties.
Mechanical systems and signal processing 25 (2011) 1559