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Online since: August 2014
Authors: Zbyněk Keršner, Hana Šimonová, Pavla Rovnaníková, Eva Navrátilová, Ivana Havlíková, Pavel Schmid
Using burnt clays in mortars may influence a number of their properties [1]; in particular it is monitored the increase in compressive and flexural strength values.
If it is assumed that the durability of these composites is connected with the number of microcracks affecting them, and their ability to resist the propagation of such cracks, it is possible to quantify this durability using different brittleness parameters.
Specimens and fracture tests Specimens were made of mixtures containing CL-90 white lime in the form of hydrated lime (Carmuse Czech Republic Inc., Mokrá), sand consisting of three fractions of sand: PG1 (0–0.5 mm), PG2 (0.125–2.5 mm) and PG3 (0.5–5.0 mm) in a ratio of 1:1:1, and Heluz brick powder (Heluz cihlářský průmysl v. o. s., Hevlín) or L05 metakaolin (ČLUZ, a. s., Nové Strašecí) with the grain size d50 = 5 µm.
If it is assumed that the durability of these composites is connected with the number of microcracks affecting them, and their ability to resist the propagation of such cracks, it is possible to quantify this durability using different brittleness parameters.
Specimens and fracture tests Specimens were made of mixtures containing CL-90 white lime in the form of hydrated lime (Carmuse Czech Republic Inc., Mokrá), sand consisting of three fractions of sand: PG1 (0–0.5 mm), PG2 (0.125–2.5 mm) and PG3 (0.5–5.0 mm) in a ratio of 1:1:1, and Heluz brick powder (Heluz cihlářský průmysl v. o. s., Hevlín) or L05 metakaolin (ČLUZ, a. s., Nové Strašecí) with the grain size d50 = 5 µm.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Jing Zhang, Wei Wei Guo, Qiang Xiao, Min Zhao
The ingredients of stone materials are very complex, and the main component of sewage caused by them is a mixture of water, abrasive dust, slag grinding grain, marble and granite debris.
When annual working days d is300, daily working time t is 8 hours, the required equipment number is 2 block machine and a polishing line and 2 bridge cutting machine.
(2) In the formula: Qsm is sludge produced by block machine. b1 is sawing blade width of block machine, which is 2mm; the number of saw blade n is 8; the feed speed Vs is value range of 0 ~ 55cm/h; the saw blade spacing d is general scope for 1 ~ 2cm.
When annual working days d is300, daily working time t is 8 hours, the required equipment number is 2 block machine and a polishing line and 2 bridge cutting machine.
(2) In the formula: Qsm is sludge produced by block machine. b1 is sawing blade width of block machine, which is 2mm; the number of saw blade n is 8; the feed speed Vs is value range of 0 ~ 55cm/h; the saw blade spacing d is general scope for 1 ~ 2cm.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Hong Wei Liu, Hai Tang Chen, Guang Yue Pu, Chun Lei Pan
In mineral processing process, the vast majority of mineral products contain a large number of moisture[6], the concentrate obtained by gravity concentrate plant and magnetic separation plant also contains a large number of water.
Study on the Classification of Fine Grain Material [J].
Study on the Classification of Fine Grain Material [J].
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Pin Peng, En Hu Chen
The main production processes is illustrated by figure 1:
Electrolyzer
Furnaces
Holding furnace
Casting merchine
Rolling
Furnaces
Aluminia
cryolite
electrifing
Furnish, solid waste
electrifing
Degassing, deslagging
grain refining
Casting , cooling
Hot rolling, cool rolling, molding
Aluminium ingot
Figure 1.
In order to demonstrate simply, this paper considers the scheduling of a single melting furnace and assumes a furnace corresponding to a casting machine. 1) Notation :the number of orders,; :the number of charge,; :the cleaning cost between the charge and ; :the cost of mold changing; :the advancing or slowing penalty coefficient; :the open-order penalty; :the delivery date of the order; :the weight of open-order for the charge ; :the weight of the order ; :the ingredient of the order in the charge ; :the width coefficient of the order in the charge ; :The maximum capacity of furnace.
,is the coefficient of the penalty 2) Mathematical model Before establishing the model, this paper makes the following assumptions: (1) the smelting and the casing are measured in charges; (2) the number of charge is known;(3) the melting and the casting is the one-to-one correspondence;(4) the maximum capacity of furnace is a constant;(5) the weight of single order is less than the capacity of furnace, and they can not be decomposed;(6) the penalty coefficient of tardiness or advance are same in all the orders
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) The objective function (1) indicates minimizing the total cost involved set-up cost, open-order penalty and tardiness penalty; the constraint (2) indicates an order can only be arranged in a charge; the constraint (3) indicates orders in the same charge must have same ingredient; the constraint (4) indicates orders which are in the same charge must have same width coefficient; the constraint (5) indicates the total weight of orders are less than the furnace capacity; the constraint (6) indicates the weight of open-order can not be negative; the constraint (7) indicates the total number of charges is .
At the same time, in order to ensure the full utilization of smelting equipment, it is necessary to increase batch processing, reduce the number of charges, minimize the number of cleaning furnaces and save the preparation time on the adjustment of equipment. 4) Integrated production scheduling The processes of aluminum production are worked closely in high temperature.
In order to demonstrate simply, this paper considers the scheduling of a single melting furnace and assumes a furnace corresponding to a casting machine. 1) Notation :the number of orders,; :the number of charge,; :the cleaning cost between the charge and ; :the cost of mold changing; :the advancing or slowing penalty coefficient; :the open-order penalty; :the delivery date of the order; :the weight of open-order for the charge ; :the weight of the order ; :the ingredient of the order in the charge ; :the width coefficient of the order in the charge ; :The maximum capacity of furnace.
,is the coefficient of the penalty 2) Mathematical model Before establishing the model, this paper makes the following assumptions: (1) the smelting and the casing are measured in charges; (2) the number of charge is known;(3) the melting and the casting is the one-to-one correspondence;(4) the maximum capacity of furnace is a constant;(5) the weight of single order is less than the capacity of furnace, and they can not be decomposed;(6) the penalty coefficient of tardiness or advance are same in all the orders
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) The objective function (1) indicates minimizing the total cost involved set-up cost, open-order penalty and tardiness penalty; the constraint (2) indicates an order can only be arranged in a charge; the constraint (3) indicates orders in the same charge must have same ingredient; the constraint (4) indicates orders which are in the same charge must have same width coefficient; the constraint (5) indicates the total weight of orders are less than the furnace capacity; the constraint (6) indicates the weight of open-order can not be negative; the constraint (7) indicates the total number of charges is .
At the same time, in order to ensure the full utilization of smelting equipment, it is necessary to increase batch processing, reduce the number of charges, minimize the number of cleaning furnaces and save the preparation time on the adjustment of equipment. 4) Integrated production scheduling The processes of aluminum production are worked closely in high temperature.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Yan Zhang, Rong Yang, Jia Ping Li
Bring 10 grains as one part,7 of the part is treated,3 groups parallel, it has 21 parts in total.Biological activity water stoste which are diluted 10 times,50 times,200 times,400 times,800 times are used to conduct the 7 processing,CK(compared with distilled water).Selecting and marking number 21 clean culture bottle,they will be put in 150ml 7 processing liquid,and placed in biochemical temperature incubator(25±0.5℃),seeds will be soaking for 20 hours.
Seeds which are ranked uniformly in the petri dish that has 2 layer of filter paper will germinate after seed soaking,filter paper should be kept wet with the corresponding liquid,and temperature is 25 ℃,seeds will germinate in a week,and germination number of seeds will be numbered every day,investigating germination rate(within 7 days),germination potential(initial stage of the sprout).They will be lighten for 12 hours when the length of radicle is 0.5cm,and distilled water should be replenished at any time in this period.
Test method Germination rate,germination potential Germination rate is referring to the percentage which the number of normal germinant seeds in the final phase takes up the percentage of provided seeds.Germination potential is referring to percentage which the number of normal germinant seeds in the initial phase takes up the percentage of provided seeds.
Germination index,measurement of the germination vigor Germination index:GI=Gt/Dt,Gt is the number of germination in different time,Dt is corresponding to days of germination.vital index:VI=S×(Gt/Dt),S is the height of the seedling in fixed time.
Seeds which are ranked uniformly in the petri dish that has 2 layer of filter paper will germinate after seed soaking,filter paper should be kept wet with the corresponding liquid,and temperature is 25 ℃,seeds will germinate in a week,and germination number of seeds will be numbered every day,investigating germination rate(within 7 days),germination potential(initial stage of the sprout).They will be lighten for 12 hours when the length of radicle is 0.5cm,and distilled water should be replenished at any time in this period.
Test method Germination rate,germination potential Germination rate is referring to the percentage which the number of normal germinant seeds in the final phase takes up the percentage of provided seeds.Germination potential is referring to percentage which the number of normal germinant seeds in the initial phase takes up the percentage of provided seeds.
Germination index,measurement of the germination vigor Germination index:GI=Gt/Dt,Gt is the number of germination in different time,Dt is corresponding to days of germination.vital index:VI=S×(Gt/Dt),S is the height of the seedling in fixed time.
Online since: January 2018
Authors: Mikhail D. Starostenkov, Gennady M. Poletaev, Irina V. Zorya
The purpose of this work is to determine the energy of formation and migration of bivacancy by the molecular dynamics method for a number of fcc metals.
An ideal surface is a close-packed plane of the crystal, containing, depending on the crystallographic orientation of the surface, a certain number of monatomic steps and very small (if the surface is flat then only one) number of kinks at these steps (Fig.1).
The dynamic method consists of finding the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient D(T) at introduction into the computational block a certain number of defects of the considered type (in this case, hydrogen atoms) during a sufficiently long molecular-dynamic experiment.
In this case, the potential energy of the i-th atom is found using expression (4) Here А, p, q, ξ, r0 – parameters of the potential; rij is the distance between the i-th and the j-th atoms; N is the number of atoms in the calculation block.
Kaygorodova, The causes of formation of the triple junctions of grain boundaries containing excess free volume in fcc metals at crystallization, Solid State Phenomena. 249 (2016) 3-8
An ideal surface is a close-packed plane of the crystal, containing, depending on the crystallographic orientation of the surface, a certain number of monatomic steps and very small (if the surface is flat then only one) number of kinks at these steps (Fig.1).
The dynamic method consists of finding the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient D(T) at introduction into the computational block a certain number of defects of the considered type (in this case, hydrogen atoms) during a sufficiently long molecular-dynamic experiment.
In this case, the potential energy of the i-th atom is found using expression (4) Here А, p, q, ξ, r0 – parameters of the potential; rij is the distance between the i-th and the j-th atoms; N is the number of atoms in the calculation block.
Kaygorodova, The causes of formation of the triple junctions of grain boundaries containing excess free volume in fcc metals at crystallization, Solid State Phenomena. 249 (2016) 3-8
Online since: February 2011
Authors: She Jun Hu, Xiao Ling Cheng, Lin Yu, Yong Jun Hu, Guang Rong Xie
Subsequently, the plate was taken out and the number of bacterial colonies was counted.
It can be attributed that the amount of anatase phase in N-doped TiO2 films annealed at 400℃ was still less, amount of anatase phase increase as annealed temperature increase to 500℃, the crystalline size increased as well. the crystal grains get bigger and coarser when annealing at 600℃, which also leads to the decrease of photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO2 films.
The number of viable cells decreases with increasing the annealing temperature, which means that the antibacterial activity increases with increasing the annealing temperature.
annealed temperatures (℃) E. coli S. aureus Initial number of cells (cfu/piece) number of viable cells (cfu/piece) Antibacterial rate(%) Initial number of cells (cfu/piece) number of viable cells (cfu/piece) Antibacterial rate(%) 400 114453 4 99.99 108095 45 99.96 500 114453 1 99.99 108095 0 100.00 600 114453 1 99.99 108095 0 100.00 Conclusions The N-doped TiO2 films were successively prepared by cathode vacuum arc deposition with ion beam assisted.
It can be attributed that the amount of anatase phase in N-doped TiO2 films annealed at 400℃ was still less, amount of anatase phase increase as annealed temperature increase to 500℃, the crystalline size increased as well. the crystal grains get bigger and coarser when annealing at 600℃, which also leads to the decrease of photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO2 films.
The number of viable cells decreases with increasing the annealing temperature, which means that the antibacterial activity increases with increasing the annealing temperature.
annealed temperatures (℃) E. coli S. aureus Initial number of cells (cfu/piece) number of viable cells (cfu/piece) Antibacterial rate(%) Initial number of cells (cfu/piece) number of viable cells (cfu/piece) Antibacterial rate(%) 400 114453 4 99.99 108095 45 99.96 500 114453 1 99.99 108095 0 100.00 600 114453 1 99.99 108095 0 100.00 Conclusions The N-doped TiO2 films were successively prepared by cathode vacuum arc deposition with ion beam assisted.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Ragaa Abd El-Hakim, Sherif El-Badawy
These layers usually consist of an input layer, a number of hidden layers, and an output layer as shown in Fig. 1 [8].
Various network combinations were initially investigated and a number of trial runs were performed.
Different number of hidden layer neurons and number of epochs were examined.
Comparison of the JPCP ANN Model and MEPDG Model Goodness of Fit Statistics Parameter ANN Model MEPDG Model n 184 184 Sy 0.664 0.964 Se 0.275 0.620 Se/Sy 0.414 0.643 R2 0.828 0.584 n = number of data points, Sy = standard deviation of the measured IRI values, Se = standard error of estimate (predicted) IRI values, and R2= coefficient of determination.
Neuromechanistic-Based Modeling and Simulation of Constitutive Behavior of Fine-Grained Soils.
Various network combinations were initially investigated and a number of trial runs were performed.
Different number of hidden layer neurons and number of epochs were examined.
Comparison of the JPCP ANN Model and MEPDG Model Goodness of Fit Statistics Parameter ANN Model MEPDG Model n 184 184 Sy 0.664 0.964 Se 0.275 0.620 Se/Sy 0.414 0.643 R2 0.828 0.584 n = number of data points, Sy = standard deviation of the measured IRI values, Se = standard error of estimate (predicted) IRI values, and R2= coefficient of determination.
Neuromechanistic-Based Modeling and Simulation of Constitutive Behavior of Fine-Grained Soils.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: D. Rajan Babu, R. Vidya, Narayanasamy Arunai Nambi Raj, Debottam Sinha, K. Anwar, K. Kumari, S. Jaishwal, S. Madeshwaran, S. Keshari
Abstract:
Kidney or gall-bladder stones are solid accretions (crystals) of dissolved minerals in urine or bile juice found inside the kidneys or urethras and gall bladder, with varying size from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball, the occurrence whose in the human is well known, although its pathogenesis is not well understood.
According to literature, a number of biomaterials, such as collagen, blood vessel walls, DNA, RNA etc., are found to possess the property of electrets which is an electric analogue of a permanent magnet having the capability to retain quasipermanently, an induced polarization.
According to literature, a number of biomaterials, such as collagen, blood vessel walls, DNA, RNA etc., are found to possess the property of electrets which is an electric analogue of a permanent magnet having the capability to retain quasipermanently, an induced polarization.
Online since: February 2023
Authors: Vagif R. Figarov, Sophia Figarova, Elvin Aliyev, Reshad Abaszade
The crystallites are composed of smaller polycrystalline grains; grain boundaries are amorphous, once they are brought to a high enough temperature they melt.
Again, in bulk form of Hummers method grown GO samples, the structure, surface, orientation and number of the layers have shown a close relation with the graphene content, functional group composition, preparation conditions and further purification (eg, centrifugation [20]) of the synthesized samples [21].
A number of the layers was calculated from the ratios of G, D and 2D band peak intensities ID/IG and IG /I2D.
Sample number Temperature, [°C] G- band D- band 2D- band 1 25 9565 8630 11147 2 30 4711 4106 6375 3 35 10841 9685 13656 4 40 8871 8046 9542 5 45 4268 3900 4161 6 50 15516 13752 21012 Table 2.
Sample number Temperature, [°C] G- band D- band 2D- band 1 25 1573 1324 2918 2 30 1582 1324 2943 3 35 1582 1334 2918 4 40 1582 1324 2922 5 45 1582 1324 2930 6 50 1587 1324 2951 Table 3.
Again, in bulk form of Hummers method grown GO samples, the structure, surface, orientation and number of the layers have shown a close relation with the graphene content, functional group composition, preparation conditions and further purification (eg, centrifugation [20]) of the synthesized samples [21].
A number of the layers was calculated from the ratios of G, D and 2D band peak intensities ID/IG and IG /I2D.
Sample number Temperature, [°C] G- band D- band 2D- band 1 25 9565 8630 11147 2 30 4711 4106 6375 3 35 10841 9685 13656 4 40 8871 8046 9542 5 45 4268 3900 4161 6 50 15516 13752 21012 Table 2.
Sample number Temperature, [°C] G- band D- band 2D- band 1 25 1573 1324 2918 2 30 1582 1324 2943 3 35 1582 1334 2918 4 40 1582 1324 2922 5 45 1582 1324 2930 6 50 1587 1324 2951 Table 3.