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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Gui Xiang Quan, Jin Long Yan, Cheng Ding
Sorption is superior in simplicity of design, initial cost, ease of operation and insensitivity to toxic substances in comparation with other physicochemical and biological techniques, such as the membrane filtrations coagulation/flocculation, ion exchange, advanced oxidation (chlorination, ozonation), flotation, chemical reduction and biological treatment (bacterial and fungal biosorption, biodegradation in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) [5].
Data were shown in Table 2.
Based on the adsorption data, isothermal adsorption behaviors were further investigated.
Experimental data related to the sorption of p-chlorophenol by biomass carbon was applied to the Freundlich equation [9], Qe = Kf CeN
Data were shown in Table 2.
Based on the adsorption data, isothermal adsorption behaviors were further investigated.
Experimental data related to the sorption of p-chlorophenol by biomass carbon was applied to the Freundlich equation [9], Qe = Kf CeN
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Xiao Lin Li, Guang Lin He
Fig.5 to Fig.7 shows the lift drag coefficient of the simulation compared with the experimental data.
Fig.5 and Fig.6 show that the simulation data fit well with the experimental data.
Details and the formation mechanism of the vortex can be observed,which will provide guidance for the drag reduction.
Fig.5 and Fig.6 show that the simulation data fit well with the experimental data.
Details and the formation mechanism of the vortex can be observed,which will provide guidance for the drag reduction.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Jin Chang Li, Lin Yun Zhang
However, there are still less research using this method in the field of energy supply and demand, hence, the data of energy supply and demand between 2000 to 2011 is adopted to predict Chinese energy supply and demand quantity in 2025.
This paper chooses the total energy production, the total coal production, the total crude oil production, the total natural gas production, the total hydropower, nuclear power, and wind power production (ten thousand tons of standard coal), as well as the generating capacity (a hundred million kw/h) in the years of 2000 and 2011 as the energy supply indicator, and takes the total energy consumption (ten thousand tons of standard coal), the total coal consumption (ten thousand tons of standard coal), the total oil consumption (ten thousand tons of standard coal), the total natural gas consumption (ten thousand tons of standard coal), the total hydropower, nuclear power, and wind power consumption (ten thousand tons of standard coal), as well as the total power consumption in the years of 2000 and 2011 as the energy demand indicator, where all the data are from Statistical Yearbook 2012, and software matlabR2010a is adopted to make the BP neural network prediction.
It can be predicted from these data that new energy is sure to occupy more and more important position.
Chinese government shall make and enforce effective inspiring and constraint policies; utilize energy consumption tax and carbon tax levied by public financial organizations to set up special fund for energy conservation and inspire people to save energy, and tax reduction or direct subsidies on the investment in energy-saving technology's research, development and application has been proved to be a an effective method by all countries in the world; formulate and regulate energy efficiency standard as well as certification system; enhance the support to energy service agencies and other intermedium organizations, and make all efforts to expand marketizing operation, such as voluntary agreement of energy conservation.
This paper chooses the total energy production, the total coal production, the total crude oil production, the total natural gas production, the total hydropower, nuclear power, and wind power production (ten thousand tons of standard coal), as well as the generating capacity (a hundred million kw/h) in the years of 2000 and 2011 as the energy supply indicator, and takes the total energy consumption (ten thousand tons of standard coal), the total coal consumption (ten thousand tons of standard coal), the total oil consumption (ten thousand tons of standard coal), the total natural gas consumption (ten thousand tons of standard coal), the total hydropower, nuclear power, and wind power consumption (ten thousand tons of standard coal), as well as the total power consumption in the years of 2000 and 2011 as the energy demand indicator, where all the data are from Statistical Yearbook 2012, and software matlabR2010a is adopted to make the BP neural network prediction.
It can be predicted from these data that new energy is sure to occupy more and more important position.
Chinese government shall make and enforce effective inspiring and constraint policies; utilize energy consumption tax and carbon tax levied by public financial organizations to set up special fund for energy conservation and inspire people to save energy, and tax reduction or direct subsidies on the investment in energy-saving technology's research, development and application has been proved to be a an effective method by all countries in the world; formulate and regulate energy efficiency standard as well as certification system; enhance the support to energy service agencies and other intermedium organizations, and make all efforts to expand marketizing operation, such as voluntary agreement of energy conservation.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Da Wei Lv, Shao Bo Shi, Xiao Li Sun
Fig. 1 Sensor layout
The buried quality of sensors is critical for asphalt pavements monitoring data.
Analysis the results of on-site monitoring On-site monitoring data of cement pavement asphalt overlay is in Figure 3-6, analysis the of field data, the following conclusions can be drawn
Indicating the importance of reinforcing plate void treatment for prevention and reduction of reflective cracking.
Analysis the results of on-site monitoring On-site monitoring data of cement pavement asphalt overlay is in Figure 3-6, analysis the of field data, the following conclusions can be drawn
Indicating the importance of reinforcing plate void treatment for prevention and reduction of reflective cracking.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Ho Kyung Kim
Therefore, D is the spring constant reduction ratio of the rubber bushafter fatigue.The damage fraction of the rubber bush was measured during and after the fatigue test.
Fig. 5 shows the fatigue lifetimes of the six specimens under different load amplitudes, plotted by normalizing the damage fractionand lifetime of the data shown in Fig. 4.
However, this study drew a prediction equation for the rubber bush under variable repeated loads with a limited amount of data.
A more reliable prediction equation can be drawn if sufficient experimental data are provided.
Fig. 5 shows the fatigue lifetimes of the six specimens under different load amplitudes, plotted by normalizing the damage fractionand lifetime of the data shown in Fig. 4.
However, this study drew a prediction equation for the rubber bush under variable repeated loads with a limited amount of data.
A more reliable prediction equation can be drawn if sufficient experimental data are provided.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Yi Peng, Qing Zhi Du, Xiu Mei Yang, Qiu Ping Yang
Only when the frequency hopping sequence and time of the receivers are the same as those of the transmitters, data can be correctly received.
Thus the data safety and anti-jamming performance can be enhanced [1].
Microwave's transmitter frequency is 2.450GHz, and it has strong transmitter power, so wireless data within 15 meters may be destroyed.
FCC regulates that the number of Bluetooth AFH channels cannot be less than 15 and Bluetooth system has to use some "bad" channels if the number of "good" channels is less than 15.Thus AFH mechanism can not entirely avoid the reduction of system's throughput and reliability
Thus the data safety and anti-jamming performance can be enhanced [1].
Microwave's transmitter frequency is 2.450GHz, and it has strong transmitter power, so wireless data within 15 meters may be destroyed.
FCC regulates that the number of Bluetooth AFH channels cannot be less than 15 and Bluetooth system has to use some "bad" channels if the number of "good" channels is less than 15.Thus AFH mechanism can not entirely avoid the reduction of system's throughput and reliability
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Qing Liang Qin
Valve flexible DC transmission in the DPWM must be generated from the system level to control the output voltage amplitude and phase was obtained by reduction of three-phase sine wave.
On the other hand, the output data are N+1.
The output data of N remain unchanged while the triangular wave is in between the two threshold.
Fig.5 Delay DPWM waveform to 2.5KHz Fig.6 Delay DPWM waveform to 4KHz 5 Conclusion In this paper, as long as the study of flexible HVDC control process, although the method uses hysteresis voltage comparator can improve the stability of DPWM output data and pulse wide, the frequency stability.
On the other hand, the output data are N+1.
The output data of N remain unchanged while the triangular wave is in between the two threshold.
Fig.5 Delay DPWM waveform to 2.5KHz Fig.6 Delay DPWM waveform to 4KHz 5 Conclusion In this paper, as long as the study of flexible HVDC control process, although the method uses hysteresis voltage comparator can improve the stability of DPWM output data and pulse wide, the frequency stability.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Peng Zhan Zhou, Fang Sheng Tan
Introduction
In recent years, with the worldwide gradual exhaustion of fossil resources and the international requirements of carbon emissions reduction, the wind power has a large scale commercial application in china as a clean renewable energy.
The above data show that the blade has good aerodynamic performance, wide scope of wind speed adaptive capacity, and high aerodynamic efficiency when it is operated under variable conditions. 1—Shaft power;2—Electric power Fig. 3.
Considering the service life and the cycle number of the blade is counted by 20 years and 107 respectively, and according to the GL2003 international standard, the comparative data of the calculated value and original design value of the equivalent fatigue load of the wind turbine blade root is shown in Tab. 1, wherein the calculated value is calculated by the BLADED software under variable conditions.
When applied in GL3A wind farm, according to GL2003 international standard [5], and taking safety coefficient into consideration, the comparative data of the calculated value and original designed value of the equivalent fatigue load of the wind turbine blade root is shown in Tab.2, wherein the calculated value of the blade root was calculated under ultimate wind conditions.
The above data show that the blade has good aerodynamic performance, wide scope of wind speed adaptive capacity, and high aerodynamic efficiency when it is operated under variable conditions. 1—Shaft power;2—Electric power Fig. 3.
Considering the service life and the cycle number of the blade is counted by 20 years and 107 respectively, and according to the GL2003 international standard, the comparative data of the calculated value and original design value of the equivalent fatigue load of the wind turbine blade root is shown in Tab. 1, wherein the calculated value is calculated by the BLADED software under variable conditions.
When applied in GL3A wind farm, according to GL2003 international standard [5], and taking safety coefficient into consideration, the comparative data of the calculated value and original designed value of the equivalent fatigue load of the wind turbine blade root is shown in Tab.2, wherein the calculated value of the blade root was calculated under ultimate wind conditions.
Online since: August 2017
Authors: Winai Ouypornprasert, Narong Traitruengtatsana, Kong Kamollertvara
Although actual engineering data showed some skewness [1], normal distributions could be applied conservatively [2].
Based on this the most suitable mean value for each specification for mass production could be further inversely determined from existing engineering data using the formulations proposed.
Furthermore the best-fitted distribution of a set of data obtained by the Goodness-of-Fit tests, e.g. the Chi-Square test and the K-S test, might be non-normal [3].
Taking into account lower and suitable type of distribution could lead to significant reduction of production cost.
Based on this the most suitable mean value for each specification for mass production could be further inversely determined from existing engineering data using the formulations proposed.
Furthermore the best-fitted distribution of a set of data obtained by the Goodness-of-Fit tests, e.g. the Chi-Square test and the K-S test, might be non-normal [3].
Taking into account lower and suitable type of distribution could lead to significant reduction of production cost.
Online since: October 2009
Authors: Ferri M.H.Aliabadi, P.M. Baiz, Z. Sharif-Khodaei
Homan [6] proposed an analytical 2D approach to estimate the fatigue
crack initiation life of composite metallic laminates based on the actual stress level in the Al layers
and empirical S-N data.
It is well known that fatigue crack propagation could be affected by many parameters (loading, temperature, environment, etc.); therefore different laws have been proposed to represent this dependence using mainly empirical fits to the test data.
Results show expected life reduction when initial cracks are present.
[3] Boller, C., Seeger, T., Materials Data for Cyclic Loading, Part D: Aluminium and Titanium Alloys, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1987)
It is well known that fatigue crack propagation could be affected by many parameters (loading, temperature, environment, etc.); therefore different laws have been proposed to represent this dependence using mainly empirical fits to the test data.
Results show expected life reduction when initial cracks are present.
[3] Boller, C., Seeger, T., Materials Data for Cyclic Loading, Part D: Aluminium and Titanium Alloys, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1987)