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Deformation results in increased material deformation stored energy ( ΔGD ) mainly including the rise of the dislocation density, the increase of vacancy and the grain boundary energy of unit volume.
Fig.5 shows the quadratic fitting relationship between ΔGD and InZ, ΔGD ranged from 10-50 J/mol, deformation stored energy increases with increasing Z, then established a quadratic fitting expression as follows: ΔGD=295.4-16.2(InZ)+0.22(InZ)2 (9) Fig. 5 and Eq. 9 implied that the value of first partial derivative for lnZ was a positive number and the value of secondly partial derivative for lnZ was also a positive number.

This study also gives grain flow profile predictions.
Number of reheats varied from 5 to 39.
Number of blows by hammer could go upto 45 in some cases with an averaged blow of 15-25 times.

Pitting corrosion was dispersive, and they mainly appear ball or grain.
XRD spectrum analysis was shown in Fig. 5, and it is an effective technology to analyze microstructure orientations and phase of corrosion. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 200 400 600 800 Lin cps 2 theta scale 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 trans rate [%] wave number cm -1 Fig. 5 XRD spectrum of corrosion pitting Fig. 6 FTIR spectrum of corrosion pitting It was found that corrosion products of SiCp/Al composites were amorphous state as Fig. 5, in whole diffraction range, and there is only major interference hump in between 20°and 30°, no certain characteristic peak of phase.
It indicates that, there exits characteristic absorption peak at 1645.0 cm-1 and 3450.0 cm-1 , which indicated there is large numbers of hydroxyl group(-O-H) in corrosion products.

The objective is to obtain the fuzzy partition for data set and the number of clusters c by minimizing the object function : (1) is the membership which is defined as the degree of each data point to a given cluster , and is additionally an element of a matrix .
The number of cluster c should be given and the centroids of every cluster , the membership matrix also should be set the initial value.
(11) Area opening [6] removes any grain (i.e. connected component) with area less than in a binary image .

The number of cycles to failure for each specimen was recorded as the fatigue life.
The recorded peak and valley stress values at various numbers of cycles were used to calculate corresponding mean stresses in this study.
The cavitations may origin from the nucleation of voids at second phase particles or grain boundary ledges [15].

Fig.1 reveals that rare-earth element lanthanum can make the crystal grain of matrix small and spherical, and decrease impurity contents in the matrix, while matrixes with too much or less Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 99 lanthanum will contain excessive impurity.
Therefore it is reasonable to choose the number 2-matrix formula of 15 percent binder, while is doping 0.5 percent lanthanum in weight, as the matrix of diamond enhanced rare-earth & iron-rich carbide tungsten composite button.

Based on the theory of granularity, a variety of grain size of material mixed proportionally, so that gaps between particles with different particle size of granular were filled to achieve higher accumulated efficiency, resulting in concrete mixture with excellent workability and mechanical properties.
By definition, two is the number of levels of each factor investigated; four is the number of factors investigated.

The anode surface coating must have tiny crackle with complex microstructure like tiny pores and grain boundary, which makes actually active electrode surface far exceed surface calculated mathematically.
Based on this, we can calculate the number of active sites with equation (3)
Then we can get the amount of active sites, which is 0.0793 C/cm2, according to equation (3), and this number is the cyclic voltammograms power of the DSA electrode used in the experiment.

Fe-Si alloys, with high Si content and with nanocrystalline grain size, can be produced by various methods: magnetron sputtering, rapid quenching, physical vapour deposition, co-injection, mechanical alloying etc. [6-8].
Acknowledgement This work was supported by CNCSIS-UEFISCSU, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0632 and the French-Romanian cooperation Programme Hubert Curien (PHC) – Brancusi, and project number 711/2012 (in Romania) and 28847YK (in France).

Table 1 Powder characteristics Feedstock powder Feedstock size/μm WC grain size Nanostructured WC-12Co 5~45 50-500nm The Q235 (GB/T 700-2006) was used as substrate.
It can be seen from (Fig.3 (i) (j)) that a large number of erosion pits were produced and a lot of WC particles is about to be pulled out.
In the 25-30min range, the coating has been basically worn out, exposing a large number of the base surface.