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Materials and methods Materials.
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This phenomenon will cause the protective material easily broken, due to the large thermal expansion coefficient difference between cable body and protective materials, such as thermal expansion coefficient of the black PE pipe is about 6 times of cement and steel. 6) Protective material aging.
Although the materials of the suspenders and tied members were similar, the work environment was different, so their damages encountered had both similarity and difference.
Chen, View and review of arch bridge technology, Journal of Fuzhou University (Natural Science). 01 (2009) 94-106
Hua, The analysis of the common diseases of the deterioration of arch bridge suspender, Journal of Anhui Institute of Architecture (Natural Science). 01 (2010) 17-22 [15] J.
Ou, Monitoring damage of arch bridge suspender using acoustic emission Technique, Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science). 01 (2007) 6-10

Reference [1] Hari Singh and Rohit Garg, Optimization of process parameters in wire cut electro discharge machining using Taguchi’s DOE approach, Indian Journal of Engineering and Material Sciences (2010) [2] K.H Ho, S.T Newman, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Volume43, Issue13, October2003, (2003) pp 1287-1300
Chandarana, Machining of low electrical conductive materials by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (2004)149, pp 266-276
Processing of advanced ceramics using the wire-cut EDM process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (1997), 63 (1-3), pp 839- 843
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[9] Chi-Cheng Fang, Chia-Xuan Chang, Development of a prototype Micro-Wire-EDM machine, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (2004) Volume 149.

Materials As base material (BM) was used steel 22MnB5 (Arcelor Mital) with coating on base Al-Si.
Different hardness of base materials are given by different heat treatment (annealing rate).
Summary The weldability of materials is significantly affected by its chemical composition [9].
Ondruška, Resistance spot welding of magnesium alloy AZ91, MM Science Journal, MAR 2015 (2015) 596 – 599 [9] L.
Dunovský, Evaluation hardness curves of multilayer welds of creep resistant steel 1.6946 using SAW method to the “ultra” narrow gap, MM Science Journal, MAR 2015 (2015) 591 - 595

When the peak pressure of the shock wave exceeds the dynamic yield strength of the processed materials, the strain hardening occurs on the material surface, and results in larger compressive residual stress, while some changes happens in its micro-structures, that significantly improves the material fatigue resistance, wear, stress corrosion, and etc [7-8].
Laser shock wave was used to strengthen the surface of QT800 materials in this paper, the effects of shock processing on fatigue properties of QT800 for the crankshaft was analyzed with fatigue test, that provides a theoretical basis for enhanced treatment.
The sample material is QT800, and the sample size is shown in Fig.1.
The processed surface by laser shock was compressive residual stress, that could relaxed stress concentration inside of the material, that id benefit to delaying the fatigue cracks expansion and extending service life of the materials.
References [1] Ren XD, Zhang YK, Zhou JZ and et al: Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition) Vol. 28, (2007), p. 289 [2] Liu RC, Xue LQ, Ma SM and et al.

Wang, An experimental study on size effects on flow stress and formability of aluminm and brass for microforming, Journal of Materials Processing Tech. 184 (2007) 42-46
Wang, Effects of Grain Size on Micro Backward Extrusion of Copper, Advanced Materials Research. 83-86 (2010) 1092-1098
Chan, Geometry and grain size effects on the fracture behavior of sheet metal in micro-scale plastic deformation, Materials & Design. 32 (2011) 4738-4746
Chan, Geometry and grain size effects on the fracture behaviour of sheet metal in micro-scale plastic deformation, Materials & Design. 32 (2011) 4738-4746
Lai, Size effects in thin sheet metal forming and its elastic–plastic constitutive model, Materials and Design. 28 (2007) 1731-1736.

Materials and experimental methods 1.1.
Materials and apparatus The lignite sample was obtained from a coal chemical plant in Shanxi province，china.
Acknowledgements Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.: U0837602) and the Natural Science Foundation in Yunnan province of China (No.: 2011FB026) were sincerely acknowledged.
References [1] Li Zhong jin, Li Mingjie, Wang Haifeng: submitted to journal of Chemical Research Vol.20 (2009), p.103-107 (in Chinese) [2] Zhang Xuecai, Zhang Dexiang: submitted to journal of Journal of Chinese coal Vol.26 (2000), p.13- 18 (in Chinese) [3] Zhengyong Zhang, Jinhui Peng, C.
Menéndez: submitted to Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol.176 (2010) ,p.1113-1117

The short lifetime τ1 mainly reflects the characteristics of free-state annihilation for the perfect crystal lattice, which gives the electron density and structural details in the materials.
Hofsttter, P.Supancic, R.Danzer, C.Teichert, “Micro four-point probe investigation of individual ZnO grain boundaries in a varistor ceramic”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2014; 34: 1963-1970
Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2013, 33 (2), 335-344
[7] S.A.Pianaro,P.R.Bueno,E.Longo,andJ.A.Verala,“A new SnO2-based varistor system,” Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 692–694, 1995
Rare Metal Materials and Engineering 2006, 35 (3), 348-51

,,and are caused by different errors such as the soft magnetic materials, the hall element is not installed vertically, the sensitivity, circuit magnification is different .etc; In addition, and are caused by hard magnetic materials and zero circuit.
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[6] S.B.LIU, X.Y.FENG and H.LI: Journal of Transducer Technology, Vol.21 (2002) No.10, p.29 (In Chinese)

The materials in experiment are zirconia ceramics (ZrO2).
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