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.%) used in this investigation has a duplex microstructure, which consists of a mixture of γ-TiAl and lamellar (α2-Ti3Al + γ-TiAl) grains.
The interfaces were examined by SEM, under atomic number contrast, and chemically analysed by EDS at an accelerating voltage of 15keV.
As the two matching layers are composed by titanium, the centre of the interface of these joints is richer in this element, as observed in Fig. 3 and 4 by atomic number contrast and EDS analysis.

These changes arise from microstructural changes which include the formation of precipitates, mainly copper-rich and carbides, vacancy and interstitial clusters which product small voids and dislocation loops and segregation of certain impurity elements such, as phosphorus, to the ferrite grain boundaries [3].
The surveillance schemes provide a relatively small number of specimens for a particular combination of SA weld metal, neutron dose and exposure temperature.
However due to difficulties with access from outside the PRV a number of specialised remotely operated vehicles were constructed to deploy cutting and manipulating tools.

Brief Introduction of SOA SOA, an architectural model, can deploy, assemble and use loosely coupled, coarse-grained application components in distributing mode through the network.
By the combination of middleware technique and object-oriented software design method, a large number of component-oriented architecture modes are implemented in application systems, which support component reuse and expansion.
According to the results of the analysis of system requirements, the system can be divided into business components, and in accordance with the SOA architecture ideas, each component is composed of the front page, a number of basic services and composite services.

The X-axis is the detector number.
The detector with bigger number is farther from the optical center than the smaller ones.
Quantitative criteria of grain-size scale.

It takes a lot of individual line shaped parallel coatings (single layer), as well as a large number of successive layers to finish the entire surface.
Benefits of using LENS technology are as follows: - fast creation of graded materials, - a wide range of metallic materials, - low heat input, - fine-grained microstructure, - the whole process of adding material is computer controlled, - low probability of cracking, - controlled protective atmosphere.
Optomec LENS 850-R work settings Machine settings Value Power 620 [W] Feed rate 12,5 [mm/s] Amount of filler material 6,2 [g/m] Number of layers 6 Spacing between layers 0,5 [mm] Mark of filler material 1.3343 4.

According to the existing granulation technology documents, a lot of numerical simulation research on growth detection and control of the grain size is performed using contact mechanics theory and discrete element method.
With the increase of the number of particle surface, it gradually tend to spherical particles in shape and nature, so we are no longer considered here.
Materials of cylinder is steel and granular materials is zeolite, the total number of particles are 2000.

Introduction ZrB2 is of particular interest because of the unique property combination of high refractoriness, high-electrical and high-thermal conductivity, chemical inertness against molten metal or nonbasic slag and good thermal shock resistance [1], which make it attractive candidates for high-temperature applications where corrosion-wear-oxidation resistance is demanded, because of its higher cost of production, has found a limited number of applications.
Refractory oxides, such as aluminia, ziromina, yttria and mullite, show the best resistance in these environments, and a number of these have been evaluated as coating for other ceramics[5].
The uncoated ZrB2 sample’s surface micrograph was showed in Fig.2, it can be seen that the ZrB2 grain boundary became smooth and there was about 5-6% open porosity on the surface, meeting with the as received composites having 95% relative density.

This could be due to the space holder with 50 wt % of SS 316 L that was too excessive than the stainless steel powder and the powder was unable to coat the grain particle of the space holder effectively.
Then, as shown in Fig. 1 (b) for 55 wt % SS 316 L, the struts were well-developed and the number of pores increased compared to 50 wt % SS 316 L.
Then, the number of open and interconnected pores has increased and the thicker and finer struts were produced comparing to other compositions.

A vast number of studies had been conducted in the past to further expand the functionality of ADI in term of the mechanical performance of these materials through transformation of their phase structures. [1-4].
Past study conducted using single step and two steps austempering heat treatment on un-alloyed ductile iron and nickel-molybdenum alloyed ductile iron at 260°C to 390°C found out that two step austempering processes resulted in higher yield and ultimate strength levels while maintaining reasonable levels of ductility, attributed by smaller grain sizes of bainitic ferrite and austenite [5-6].
Although the effect of alloying elements on the mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron had been broadly discussed before, there was least number of studies on the effect of niobium on the properties of ADI.

Generally, there are three standard procedures in crystal growth technology to achieve seeded growth of a new material: (i) spontaneous nucleation and growth of sufficiently large free-standing single crystal, (ii) use of grain selection phenomena in directional crystallization, (iii) utilization of a foreign single-crystalline material used as a large-area substrate for heteroepitaxial growth.
Near to the substrate side (Fig. 3c) a large number of cracks (dark linear features) are observed.
In layers thinner than 1 mm, the crystal quality suffers from large number of cracks which are produced at the substrate side because of the crystallographic mismatch between the SiC and AlN crystalline materials.