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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Yin Gui Ding, Xiu Wei An, Qing Guo Xue, Xue Feng She, Jing Song Wang
Therefore, the reduction rate could be expressed as Eqn.4
Figure 1 shows a comparison between the experimental data and the calculated data.
So it can be used to forecast the reduction process and analyze the reduction mechanism.
Fig. 3 Influence of pellet porosity on reduction rate Fig. 4 Influence of pellet radius on reduction rate Figure 4 shows that the radius has significant effect on the reduction rate, under the furnace temperature at 1373K.
When the reduction time is 23 minutes and the radius varies from 7mm to 13mm, the reduction rate changes from 99% to 78%.
Figure 1 shows a comparison between the experimental data and the calculated data.
So it can be used to forecast the reduction process and analyze the reduction mechanism.
Fig. 3 Influence of pellet porosity on reduction rate Fig. 4 Influence of pellet radius on reduction rate Figure 4 shows that the radius has significant effect on the reduction rate, under the furnace temperature at 1373K.
When the reduction time is 23 minutes and the radius varies from 7mm to 13mm, the reduction rate changes from 99% to 78%.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Jian Feng Cao, Yi Wen Kong, Zhi Wei Han, Ke Feng, Shui Gen Wang
In addition, the pressure transducer is installed in the cylinder to monitor the pressure status while the segment is performing soft-reduction action, which could provide the necessary technical data for the normal execution of soft-reduction.
The manipulation board is used to adjust roll gap under the service mode, and to display the necessary data & important status messages.
The main control system is used to control the soft-reduction equipments, to modify the significant operating parameters, and to transfer data mutually between the L2 computer or the model computer.
The operator terminal is a industrial PC installed with InTouch or WinCC, which is used as a HMI to show the main frames, the trend curves, the alarm signals and the report forms, the other functions of which include collecting the process data, monitoring the running status, controlling the roll gap, choosing the control mode and showing the important parameters for soft-reduction.
Third, the CISDI_CCPS ONLINE (L2) was installed, the data transfer between which and instrument PLC & soft-reduction PLC was checked to be ok.
The manipulation board is used to adjust roll gap under the service mode, and to display the necessary data & important status messages.
The main control system is used to control the soft-reduction equipments, to modify the significant operating parameters, and to transfer data mutually between the L2 computer or the model computer.
The operator terminal is a industrial PC installed with InTouch or WinCC, which is used as a HMI to show the main frames, the trend curves, the alarm signals and the report forms, the other functions of which include collecting the process data, monitoring the running status, controlling the roll gap, choosing the control mode and showing the important parameters for soft-reduction.
Third, the CISDI_CCPS ONLINE (L2) was installed, the data transfer between which and instrument PLC & soft-reduction PLC was checked to be ok.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Yun Cheng Wang, Chun Hua Zhou, Chu Xiang Chen, Shi Jun Yao
First pre-treatment basic data is proceeding.
On the clinical data, in order to analyze changes of various indicators and their relationship in the process of differential treatment with traditional Chinese medicine, to screen clinical evaluation of TCM on the orderly’s bacterial pneumonia, you need to use data mining processing (data preprocessing, method selection, dimension reduction ,modeling, etc.).
Data mining is a method for search the knowledge and implicit rules in large amounts of data..
The above information as a basic sample set of data mining is completed data management by MICROSOFT SQL SERVER database. 2.1 Data Preprocessing 1) To Deal with the null values data in the database.
The tables are incomplete in some indicators, data collection items phenomenon (target item data to a null value), for the difference of the data to carry out (null value data are not subtracted), null value data items in the database will be assignment for the arithmetic mean of the indicator data. 2) To change Numeric variables into multi-value variable.
On the clinical data, in order to analyze changes of various indicators and their relationship in the process of differential treatment with traditional Chinese medicine, to screen clinical evaluation of TCM on the orderly’s bacterial pneumonia, you need to use data mining processing (data preprocessing, method selection, dimension reduction ,modeling, etc.).
Data mining is a method for search the knowledge and implicit rules in large amounts of data..
The above information as a basic sample set of data mining is completed data management by MICROSOFT SQL SERVER database. 2.1 Data Preprocessing 1) To Deal with the null values data in the database.
The tables are incomplete in some indicators, data collection items phenomenon (target item data to a null value), for the difference of the data to carry out (null value data are not subtracted), null value data items in the database will be assignment for the arithmetic mean of the indicator data. 2) To change Numeric variables into multi-value variable.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Hui Chao Zhou, Rui Jun Liu
Also, with analyzing the stability of tunnel surrounding rock, we defined the safety used ADINA software to establish a simulation model, from which we can get the relationship between the strength reduction factor and data such as the maximum principal stress and the maximum coefficient as 2.5 at last.
The principle of the strength reduction method.
In the formulas, means soil virtual cohesion after reduction and means soil virtual interal friction angel after reduction.
Therefore, reduction factors are shown in Table 2.
It means when the soil is subjected to environment factors such as heavy snow, rain and storm, the strength of the soil will be lower to be 40% of its original data.
The principle of the strength reduction method.
In the formulas, means soil virtual cohesion after reduction and means soil virtual interal friction angel after reduction.
Therefore, reduction factors are shown in Table 2.
It means when the soil is subjected to environment factors such as heavy snow, rain and storm, the strength of the soil will be lower to be 40% of its original data.
Online since: July 2006
Authors: Lj.M. Vračar, Lj.M. Gajić-Krstajić, T.Lj. Trišović, B. Babić
Kinetics of oxygen reduction on Pt/C catalyst.
The Koutecky-Levich plots obtained from the data in Fig. 3 are shown in Fig. 4.
The calculation was performed for a four-electron reduction using published data for O2 solubility, the solution viscosity and oxygen diffusivity [9].
The Tafel plot obtained from the obtained from the data in Fig. 3.
Tafel plots for O2 reduction on Pt/C reduction kinetics on Pt/C and bulk Pt in a 0.5 mol dm -3 and bulk Pt in 0.5 mol dm -3 HClO4 solution.
The Koutecky-Levich plots obtained from the data in Fig. 3 are shown in Fig. 4.
The calculation was performed for a four-electron reduction using published data for O2 solubility, the solution viscosity and oxygen diffusivity [9].
The Tafel plot obtained from the obtained from the data in Fig. 3.
Tafel plots for O2 reduction on Pt/C reduction kinetics on Pt/C and bulk Pt in a 0.5 mol dm -3 and bulk Pt in 0.5 mol dm -3 HClO4 solution.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Ning Zhao, Ting Liu, Feng Peng Wu, Chen Zuo, Bo Xiong Shen
The model was testified to be reliable by compared with the experimental data.
For temperature exceeding 200℃ the kinetic data are described well with a model based on E-R mechanism.
The detailed kinetic data required for solution based on [5] (see Tab.
The calculated results were compared with the experimental data from [6] as shown in Fig. 2.
Fig.2 Comparison with the experiment data and simulation data of the reactant outlet concentration The concentration and temperature distribution.The concentration and temperature distribution along the channel direction was studied, which contributed to determine the inlet concentration and the optimal temperature of the SCR reactor.
For temperature exceeding 200℃ the kinetic data are described well with a model based on E-R mechanism.
The detailed kinetic data required for solution based on [5] (see Tab.
The calculated results were compared with the experimental data from [6] as shown in Fig. 2.
Fig.2 Comparison with the experiment data and simulation data of the reactant outlet concentration The concentration and temperature distribution.The concentration and temperature distribution along the channel direction was studied, which contributed to determine the inlet concentration and the optimal temperature of the SCR reactor.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Ping Jiang, Jun Ru He
At last, efficiency and applicability of this method is verified with a group of numerical simulation data.
The Neural Network established by training samples can implement nonlinear mapping between strength reduction factor and the monitor displacement data, as equation (3).
According to Finite Element model, horizontal displacement data of monitor point 1 to 4 is calculated under 14 strength reduction factors conditions.
Training samples are composed by displacement data under each strength reduction factor condition and its corresponding strength reduction factor, and train Neural Network.
At last a group of numerical simulation data is used to test the effective and practicality of this method.
The Neural Network established by training samples can implement nonlinear mapping between strength reduction factor and the monitor displacement data, as equation (3).
According to Finite Element model, horizontal displacement data of monitor point 1 to 4 is calculated under 14 strength reduction factors conditions.
Training samples are composed by displacement data under each strength reduction factor condition and its corresponding strength reduction factor, and train Neural Network.
At last a group of numerical simulation data is used to test the effective and practicality of this method.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Shu Yan Cao, Wei Zhang, Yu Fei Gu
And CO2 reductions from inland waterborne transportation modes are therefore urgently required to reduce the impacts of climate change.
CO2 emissions from inland shipping of Jiangxi Province are calculated by utilizing activities based energy consumption data, and potential CO2 reduciton are estimated using ASIF equation.
As a result, there is a growing awareness about CO2 emission reduction from shipping.
The former methodology is used in this study by using fuel based emission factor’s and fuel consumption data to establish the aggregated emission figures as presented in Eq. (1)
Relative reduction potential of CO2 emission from water transport (r) can be estimated using Eq.(2)
CO2 emissions from inland shipping of Jiangxi Province are calculated by utilizing activities based energy consumption data, and potential CO2 reduciton are estimated using ASIF equation.
As a result, there is a growing awareness about CO2 emission reduction from shipping.
The former methodology is used in this study by using fuel based emission factor’s and fuel consumption data to establish the aggregated emission figures as presented in Eq. (1)
Relative reduction potential of CO2 emission from water transport (r) can be estimated using Eq.(2)
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Ying He, Dan He
The current attribute reduction methods include data analysis, discernibility matrix, information entropy [4-5], etc.
So the attribute d is the core, that is REDUCTION = REDUCTION∪{d}=φ∪{d}.
So we can add the attribute a into the Reduction, expressed as REDUCTION←REDUCTION∪{a}.
[2] Pawlak Z, in: Rough sets and intelligent data analysis, Information Sciences (2002), p. 147:1-12
[4] Yuqing Peng, GuoXi Xiao, and Xin Yang: “Data Structure Algorithm Animation Demo implementation of CAI software,” Journal of Continue Education of Hebei University of Technology, Vol. 15 (2000), p.1-4
So the attribute d is the core, that is REDUCTION = REDUCTION∪{d}=φ∪{d}.
So we can add the attribute a into the Reduction, expressed as REDUCTION←REDUCTION∪{a}.
[2] Pawlak Z, in: Rough sets and intelligent data analysis, Information Sciences (2002), p. 147:1-12
[4] Yuqing Peng, GuoXi Xiao, and Xin Yang: “Data Structure Algorithm Animation Demo implementation of CAI software,” Journal of Continue Education of Hebei University of Technology, Vol. 15 (2000), p.1-4
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Adrien Becot, Adrian Gaylard, Ben Thornber, Iain Robertson
The results present a validation of the CFD approach against experimental data, explore the drag reduction mechanism and examine the performance of the modification in the presence of a moving floor and underbody roughness.
Experimental data was only available in [7] at an onset flow velocity of 40 m/s; however, given the narrow Reynolds number range used in this work (2.15 × 106 to 2.87 × 106) it is sufficient to validate the highest velocity.
At lower flow velocities the delta CD and CL showed poorer correlation with the experimental data, with a maximum difference of 2.4 counts for drag and 14 counts for lift.
Note that the CFD simulation was performed blind, prior to the release of the experimental data.
The RANS approach was validated against experimental data, accurately predicting the drag reduction.
Experimental data was only available in [7] at an onset flow velocity of 40 m/s; however, given the narrow Reynolds number range used in this work (2.15 × 106 to 2.87 × 106) it is sufficient to validate the highest velocity.
At lower flow velocities the delta CD and CL showed poorer correlation with the experimental data, with a maximum difference of 2.4 counts for drag and 14 counts for lift.
Note that the CFD simulation was performed blind, prior to the release of the experimental data.
The RANS approach was validated against experimental data, accurately predicting the drag reduction.