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Introduction ZL114A is widely used in aviation, aerospace and national defence and military due to its superior mechanical properties.
However, softening in weld fusion zone (WFZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ), as well as hot cracking were still the defects [2].
To decrease the occurrence of hot cracking in welding, both metallurgy method and technical process have to be considered, as they play primary factors leading to hot cracking.
Composition in WFZ was analyzed to determine the effects of adding alloy powders on the solidification crack in terms of metallurgy factors.
For ZL114A aluminum alloy, the solidification cracking is generated by many factors.

Macrosegregation can lead to nonuniform mechanical properties, which affect the behavior of the metal during subsequent treatments.
They did not explicitly consider the flow field, however they have shown that the use of poorly performing discretization schemes induces considerable numerical errors, affecting the predicted macrosegregation profile.
While the latter assumption is not completely valid due to the short domain length, it should not significantly affect neither flow nor macrosegregation.
The chill boundary conditions and all thermophysical properties of Al-4.5%Cu are the same as already used in [10, 2].
Granger, Macrosegregation in aluminum alloy ingot cast by the semicontinuous direct chill (DC) method, Aluminum Alloys: Their Physical and Mechanical Properties, EMAS, UK, 1986, pp. 17-29

Introduction Wood as a building material is widely used in construction and architecture due to its mechanical and operational properties, but due to its high flammability is considered to be a flammable material [1, 2].
In [8] the fire-retardant ability was investigated according to such combustion characteristics as weight loss, burning rate, maximum burning rate, but the chemical changes caused by the influence of these factors were not indicated.
In addition, many coatings have a number of disadvantages, such as the application of individual components, the loss of functional properties with increasing ambient temperature [13].
This composition forms on the surface of the wood a swollen layer of foam coke which effectively counteracts the temperature which is confirmed by the efficiency factor.
Li, Flame retardancy and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene/wood flour composite modified with aluminum hypophosphite/melamine cyanurate, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. (2018) 1-9

Introduction Aluminium is a noteworthy material for many applications such as aerospace, automotive because of its low density, high strength to weight ratio, high thermal conductivity, high specific strength and good corrosion resistance but their low hardness and poor wear-resistant properties challenge their applications [1, 2].
Earlier literature shows a large variety of ceramic particles were combined in various aluminium alloys in order to obtain improved physical and wear properties [3-6].
Considering the accomplishment of GRA, in the present work an attempt is made by employing TGRA technique to optimize the wear behaviour of AA7075-TiC in-situ composites, taking weight percentage of reinforcement, load, sliding velocity and sliding distance as control factors.
For studying the effect of TiC reinforcement on the wear properties, pure AA7075, AA7075+4%TiC and AA7075+8%TiC are produced by casting.
Before optimization the raw output responses are normalized between 0 to 1 based on the following quality characteristics by following relationships [9] Larger the better (5) Smaller the better (6) where, i = 1... m; k = 1... n; m is the number of experiments; n is the number factors; denotes the normalizing sequence; denotes original or comparability sequence.

The effect of various deformation degree and temperature on static recrystallization of 304 stainless steel during two-passes hot compression deformation with the strain rate of 0.1s-1 was investigated by use of Gleeble-1500D thermo-mechanical simulation.
It is indicated that deformation degree is the most obvious factor to static recrystallization.
Introduction 304 stainless steel is one of the major materials of large forging parts used in nuclear power plants. compared with common ones, stainless steel large forging parts used in nuclear power plants have a large volume and a large weight and a high-purity, and possess homogeneous microstructures and properties.
At the same time, when the temperature is 1050℃, some static recrystallization grains begin to grow up, which can lead to mixed grain easily and affect the quality of the next pass.
Summary 1) Deformation temperature is the most obvious effect factor on static recrystallization.

Besides that, nanoparticles also differ compared to their parent materials which highly enhanced in their physio-chemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and hydrodynamic properties [3].
He however did not perform study on other rheological properties such as density, viscosity and pH.
Conclusion In this research, it can be concluded that nanosilica affect the rheological properties of water based drilling mud (WBM).
Tippee, Nanotechnology Seen Boosting Recovery Factors.
Dyson, Fluid Properties at Nano/Meso Scale: A Numerical Treatment.

Thermoplastic composites also exhibit very low level of moisture uptake which means their mechanical properties are less degraded under hot/wet conditions, not to mention their higher damage tolerance characteristics and greater reparability potential as compared to thermosetting matrix laminates [5, 13, 14, 16].
The full factorial design 23 was used (considering three factors: welding time, electrical current and pressure) in order to determine the most suitable parameters to be used during the electrical resistance welding process.
The mechanical properties of welded PPS/carbon fiber specimens were evaluated by using a non-destructive impulse excitation method.
An alternative procedure for measure the elastic properties are to use a dynamic test, offering the advantage of being a non-destructive testing (NDT).
Excluding the contribution from any cracks and other defects, the internal damping of a composite is determined by the following variables: properties and relative proportions of the matrix and the reinforcement; dimensions of the inclusions; orientation of the reinforcement with respect to the loading axis; surface treatments of the reinforcement and voids.

All these factors influence the resistivity in the martensite and austenite phases.
As the martensitic transformation is base for the unusual functional properties in TiNi alloy, then the shape memory effects must be affected by the same irradiation parameters as phase transition.
Ito et al., Effect of neutron irradiation on the transformation and mechanical properties in Ti-Ni shape memory alloys, J.
Ohnuki et al., Microstructure and mechanical properties of neutron irradiated TiNi shape memory alloy, J.
Gadaskin, Influence of reactor irradiation on structure, mechanical properties and shape memory effect in TiNi, Questions of atomic science and techniques.

Many investigators have reported the effect of optical properties of pigments or dyes, clamp pressure, moisture content, carbon black concentration on the performance of the welded joint [1, 2, 3, 4].
Both process parameters and optical parameters had a great influence on seam weld properties [5].
The purpose of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is to investigate which design parameters significantly affect the quality characteristic.
[3] Grewell, D. and Rooney, P. (2004), “Relationship between optical properties and optimized processing parameters for through transmission laser welding of thermoplastics”, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 23, No. 3
A. (2005), “Moisture Effects on Mechanical Performance of Laser-welded Polyamide”, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites ,vol. 24, No. 11

The denture was scaned in Dental View radiology center and the tomographic images were combined with the constant mechanical and thermal properties of the materials and were used to create the 3D model (Fig.1).
The maximum value of the masticatory force is very different from individual to individual, depending on several factors [9,10,11].
The placement of the occlusal loads affects the maximum stress level, but not its exact location.
Bec, Force and Influential Factors on Bite Force Measurements: A Literature Review, Eur.
Mijiritsky, Mechanical behavior of major connectors – Part 1: Influence of supporting tissues, Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayin, 24:1 (2007) 8-13.