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The reasons for the success of these composites are their desirable properties, which include low density, high specific stiffness, controlled coefficient of thermal expansion, superior dimensional stability and increased fatigue resistance [1].
Generally, workability depends on the local conditions of stress, strain, strain rate, and temperature in combination with material factors, such as the resistance of the material to ductile fracture.
Moreover, grain boundary sliding occurring at high temperatures and low strain rates can lead to the formation of wedge-shaped cracks at grain boundaries that are initiation sites for damage and affect the mechanical properties of the component. [5].

Due to outstanding aesthetic properties vitreous ceramics are suitable for the manufacture of inlays, crowns and small bridges.
Among the advantages of these types of materials good mechanical strength, low susceptibility to fracture, wear resistance and excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility are found.
An important factor regarding zirconia use limitation is the hydrothermal stability, since even used as yttria stabilized zirconia may become unstable during steam sterilization.
The morphology investigation at the level of the fractures revealed the defects at the zirconia layer structure that affect the extremely low fatigue resistance of this material [12, 14].
Reumont, Effect of annealing upon the structure and adhesion properties of sputtered bio-glass/titanium coatings, Appl Surf Sci 2009; 255: 9132-9138

Increasing of the mechanical characteristics of the composites can be achieved through the use of different modifiers, including nanostructured ones.
The comparatively low content of suolunite can be explained by the factors, mentioned above.
The microstructural study together with the data of x-ray diffraction allow to claim, that the silicate nanostructured modifier in the composition of cement definitely affects the changes in the overall pattern (kinetics) of the phase formation, also having a certain impact on the recruitment strength of the modified cement stone.
Influence of softener on reotekhnological properties of the nanostructured modifier.
Effect of previously slacked lime on properties of autoclave composite binders.

In the literature it is quite often stated that fresco destruction process results form the influence of different environmental factors [3, 4], such as environmental pollutions or humidity and temperature fluctuations.
Two basic types of analysis are usually applied: searching for discontinuities in the material inner structure or research into properties of continuous medium (e.g. absorption of acoustical energy, changes in material parameters).
Output signal from the camera, corresponding to pixels i, j, can be treated as a function Ui,j(T, t, e) depending on time t, temperature T and generalized optical properties e.
The method is highly sensitive to the influence of environmental factors such as vibrations of foundations and walls.
Obtained results can be affected by accidental vibrations.

Through the finite element analysis, studies on mechanical performance of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams when it is undered the low reversed cyclic loading, based on constitutive model of elastic-plastic and consider nonlinear property of materials, it indicated good agreement with the experiment.
Model building and meshing Contact and connection relationship in the process of model establishment affect the accuracy of the simulation directly.
Through the analysis, Using ABAQUS finite element software to simulate the dynamic properties of prestressed steel and concrete composite beams, and the error value within the scope of the permit.
Conclusions (1) Compared with the test results, in this paper, numerical of the simulation and experimental data have smaller deviation, constitutive relations and the error between software and test are the main factors.

A Study on the Fatigue Life Assessment for Urban EMU Structure Jong-Duk Chung1, a, Jang-Sik Pyun1,b and Ouk-Sub Lee2,c 1 Korea Railroad Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Korea 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea a jdchung@krri.re.kr, bjspyun@krri.re.kr, cleeos@inha.ac.kr Keywords: Fatigue Life, Cumulative Damage Approach, Endurance Limit, Electric Multiple Unit, Rain-Flow Cycle Counting, Fatigue Stress Limit.
However, it is considered to be a major factor of safety to predict the fatigue life for structures.
Among several areas of the operation of the subway system, the safety of subway vehicle itself is of important because the rolling stocks carry the passengers, and the safety and reliability of rolling stocks are directly affected for the safety of subway passengers[1~3].
The under frame is made of SS400 steel and material properties are shown in Table 2. 6��� 6��� 6���� 6���� 6�� 6���� 6��� 6���� 6��� 6���� 6��� 6���� 6��� 6���� 6��� 6��� 6��� 6��� 6���� 6���� 6�� 6���� 6��� 6���� 6��� 6���� 6��� 6���� 6��� 6���� 6��� 6��� Fig. 5.
Table 1 Test condition and data analysis program Test running distance 107.8km Weight condition of loaded car Empty car SG Location Restored train(SG 1~10), Newly-built train(SG 11~16) Sampling frequency 1,200Hz for 16 Channel Used programs nSoft E Ver. 5.3.1, FATIMA-SN Table 2 Material properties of SS400(unit : N/mm 2) Fatigue strength Material Yield strength Tensile strength Base material Grinding part after welding Welding part SS400 235 400 135 110 70 Test Result and Discussions Fig. 6 and Table 3 lists stresses measured at the sixteen stress concentration points under actual load.

A508-3 steel, ferrite, developed with the China rapid nuclear development, should have good weld-ability, strength, impact property and toughness.
For the reasons of saving space in nuclear surveillance capsule and increasing safety of operating high irradiation specimen, the small specimen test technique has been developed in nuclear material mechanical tests.
(9) (10) Where: in this paper, M is the constraint factor valued 30, and the ri is the weighting factor valued 1/6, ni is the number of valid data, here valued 7.
We can find that the ratio is quite close, and it means that the plastic deformation can efficiently affect the fracture toughness.
For the 1/4CT specimen, the plain strain region transform into plain stress region made the plastic deformation larger, and affects the fracture toughness directly in lower the reference temperature.

The addition of grinding aid do little harm to the activity of steel slag, and the mechanical strength values when used in cement and concrete was improved.
Since there are many factors affecting the effect of grinding aids, more details of its application should be studied in greater depth in the future.
Because of complex composition ,volatile property and poor wear resistance, the application and theory on steel slag grinding aid is less than that on blast-furnace slag grinding aid in China.

Actually, among these treatments, sorption is a traditional way to remove metal ions efficiently from sewage, and an effective adsorbent is one of the key factors for the development of wastewater treatment.
However, it is deficient in mechanical strength and soluble resistance to water.
These properties prevent the direct utilization of the pigment from being a sorbent for wastewater treatment.
After cooling down to room temperature, they were adjusted to pH below 3 with 6 mol L−1 HCl being in company with mechanical stirring.
(1) The ratio of chestnut shell pigment to SiO2 significantly affects the removal efficiency, exhibiting that a higher proportion of the former gives a better sorption performance

This arrangement allows for the efficient packing of ions and results in the characteristic properties of perovskite materials.
This study aims to determine how the electrical properties are affected by adding NT to the BNBT matrix.
In this mechanism, carriers (such as electrons or holes) are localized at specific sites within the material due to factors like impurities, defects, or lattice distortions.
Structural properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)1− xBaxTiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. 
Structure, Microstructure and Dielectric Properties OF (1-x)Ba0.06(Na1/2Bi1/2)0.94TiO3-xNaTaO3 Lead-Free Ceramics.