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Online since: September 2022
Authors: Petr Pokorný, Vítězslav Vacek
A significant impulse to focus the attention of not only the professional public on the issue of corrosion of steel prestressing ropes, was initiated by the unfortunate collapse of the footbridge in Prague - Troja, connecting the Vltava banks of the “Císařský ostrov” and “Troja”.
In some places, the water penetrating the structure evidently migrated in the core or on the surface of the prestressing rope wires, flowed down by gravity in the direction of the longitudinal slope of the bridge deck and rose by capillary forces in the narrow slots between the rope wires.
The state of humidity and the presence of water in the cavities of the Troja footbridge certainly affected the floods, during which the footbridge twice completely disappeared under the water and withstood the significant load of water-borne objects.
As the small semi-destructive probes showed, water entered the bridge deck, probably in the form of condensate, only through these hollow sections.
The cut heel of the original profile was left in the bridge deck, full of water and moss here The detected content of chloride ions in the concrete of the footbridge is very low and meets the limit required for prestressed structures of 0.2% by weight cement.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: A.S. Benosman, H. Taïbi, B. Belbachir
Development of polymer mortar composites [4] stems from some needs of construction, public works professionals and materials for energy efficiency in buildings.
Acidic environments, likely to be aggressive for concrete, start with pure water, then extend to fresh water loaded with little or much carbon dioxide, next to acid rain, and finally with inorganic and mineral acids, including wastewaters [8].
After the cure period of one day in water saturated with lime, the specimens were removed and they were kept in an environment with a temperature of 20±2°C and a relative humidity of 60 ± 5% up to 28 days (control medium).
The test-tubes were cleaned 3 times with fresh water, to remove the mortar and/or altered composite, and then were allowed to dry for half an hour.
The low quantity of calcium nitrate found is due to its high solubility in water.
Online since: September 2019
Authors: Severino Rodrigues de Farias Neto, A.G. Barbosa de Lima, H. Luma Fernandes Magalhães, G. Moreira, Ricardo Soares Gomez, B.R. de Brito Correia
During the extraction and refining process of these products, a significant amount of oily waters is generated, commonly known as produced waters.
Table 2 - Regression coefficients for the water specific heat.
Table 3 - Regression coefficients for the water viscosity.
Table 4 - Regression coefficients for water density.
United States: Gulf Professional Publishing, vol. 2, (2010)
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Li Wang, Bai Chao Song, Gui Ling Bu
Without sufficient estimation to the caving distance and water inflow of fully mechanized coal face when first weighting,also without sufficient ideas and the material preparation,where recovery forty meters ,water inflow became great suddenly and the water inflow into the motor of conveyor,so that we muse change one and this will affected the normal advanced.
Problem of preventing water To control the motors of back conveyor were not flooded, elevated tail of back conveyor, but it have an exactly opposite effect, 113#, 112#, 111#supports topple and fall , tail motors flood water frequently.
Aimed at the problems of preventing water , take a lower tail position and prevent a slope, sett preventing storm for 113#, 112#, 111# hydraulic chocks, so as to minimize water inflow into transporter , and reduce the amount of coal dust, the water inflow from the lower road in empty area.
To reduce the water inflow into conveyor, we must ensure a smooth slope without depressions, anchor net without recycle, so the water could inflow from lower road in gob; Request caving and complement caving in order and went evenly, so to made the overlying rock strata dribbling uniformly, with the requirements of each class advance at least3.5-5.0m , the water could inflow from lower road in gob; do the same and implement《Work procedures》when preventing the water and sandy in face.
Chose repair workers carefully The responsibility of repair workers is strong or not determines service quality,thus select some person who have a strong sense of responsibility and professional qualities ,set up repair class,and adopt kinds of ways to strengthening their responsibilities such as hommization, institutionalization,economic levers,and so on.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Fei Pan, Sheng Guo Cheng, Ting Chen
Several current problems about research methods of rainfall landslide were put forward:1)complex conditions apply problem;2)the Response rule of landslide surface moisture;3)the variation of surface the water content in different parts;4) The development and change law of landslide thrust force under the action of rainfall need further inquiry;5) lack of factor analysis of variation characteristics and influence of rainfall conditions the development law of landslide displacement and the displacement of landslide in different parts;6) lack of analysis and research interactions between multiple physical effects.
Domestic and international statistics show that the landslide process water is the most active and positive factor, most landslides induced by rainfall.
Godtet et al.(2005)[7] has study of the early influence of rainfall on landslide and puts forward the concept of pre-Moisture Index(Unit soil column retention capacity of the water height, to some extent, it implies that the soil, topography, landforms, hydrological condition), And as a basis for judging whether the landslide instability in a rainfall conditions, gives the curve of rainfall intensity induced landslides in Seattle area of the United States .
References [1] Chinese Society of Rock Mechanics and Engineering Committee rocky ground, Chinese Geological Society of Professional Committee of Engineering Geology, Chinese typical landslide [M].
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Jin Shi, Yang Zhang, Feng Li, Tong Wei Gong
This study uses area density as index and excludes sandy area, desert and water area in the measurement so as to guarantee the accuracy of result.
In the rural habitats located near the desert, water is a defining factor in its site selectionand its development.
Most of the habitats were built near water sources, and the water will be supplied and distributed through the digging of irrigation ditches for daily use.
In the rural habitats of Yishikuli, irrigation ditches are rich and the water system is well-developed.
[3]John L Allen: The Professional Geographer, 1983,36(1):124-125
Online since: May 2022
Authors: Safta Voicu-Ioan, Mnerie Dumitru, Gabriela-Victoria Mnerie, Vasile Nagy
At European level, there are several professional organizations and bodies that are constantly concerned about food security.
Observations were made on the distortion of the chemical composition of the base material near the welded seam, which led to a decrease in resistance to corrosive factors, both from food materials combined with various substances (salt, preservatives, etc.) and from water and solutions used for sanitation.
The research was carried out using the slam from natural membranes, which circulated through pipes with water recirculation pumps, during the technological process of membrane processing, during a shift, working period of eight hours.
This aspect can raise the question of including the quality of the water with which the sanitation was performed (Figure 3).
This can become alarming for drinking water transmission installations, where the risks are more widespread for all water supply installations in public networks.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Wan Xue Long, Guan Bao Ye, Wen Yong He, Hao Feng Xing, Ming Hui Meng
Although manual excavated technique has many advantages as stated above, it has some problems when used in Hezhang Bridge site: (1) Karst water and fissure water is easy to gush; (2) Soft plastic muddy and sandy fillings make bad influence on the stability of pile hole; (3) It is impossible to dewater for pile hole digging; Punching Cast-in-place Pile.
Three approaches were carried out to avoid inclined hole: (a) Backfilling rubble to keep the hammer level; (b) Pouring plain concrete to maintain the hardness consistent; (c) Implementing blasting with explosive under water.
According to the actual project, it often hires the professional divers (at the site it is called ‘water monster’) to dive down into the hole to identify the laying situation of the hammer, and then takes the appropriate measures to deal with it.
Fig. 3 Photo of under water blasting Fig. 4 Photo of salvaging with pothook (b) Salvaging with pothook.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Dao Cai Chi, Yong Tao Wang, He Xi Zhang, Qun Wang
The C / C + + cross compiler and debugger in IAR Embedded Workbench (EW) were professional embedded applications development tools that were the most complete and easiest to use in the world.
Christiansen, (1942) was one of the first scholars to study the sprinkler water distribution characteristics.
He proposed that use uniformity coefficient Cu to measure uniformity of the sprinkling water.
The formula was: (3) —Coefficient of uniformity, —Sprayed water depth at point i, —Average spraying water depth, —The number of measurement points.
Shallow type of arable land accounted for 40.4% of the total cultivated area whose soil water storage capacity was weak.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Yin Zhe Jin, Yu Dong Cheng, Yi Wang
The results indicated that silver carp surimi competed wheat starch with water during microwave heating.
NaCl and deionized water added to mixtures to obtain the content of 2 wt.% and 0.615g/g solid, respectively.
Dough was mixed with appropriate amount of deionized water in a mortar to be slurry with water content about 70 wt.%.
The temperature distribution of sample was analyzed using Thermal Spection 1.0 (Mikro Spec, Mikron Infrared Inc., USA) and Microsoft Excel 2010 (Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2010, USA) together with Origin 8.0 (OriginLab Co., USA).
Ghiasi et.al. [19] also assumed that proteins involved in water absorption and transition which reduces the proportion of water/starch resulted in a gelatinization rate reduction.
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