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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Rui Li, Yun Fang Meng, Xiao Hua Zhang
Use of statistical methods is intrinsic characteristics of the random process, the various kinds of statistical method orthogonal design is a kind of very effective, because the orthogonal design with the overall dispersion, comparability and equilibrium in a balanced match between experiment factors at the same time, and greatly reduced the number of test process, at the same time to maximize access to information.
Table2-2 The tested factors and levels of L9(34) Level Factor Aggregate Polystyrene fiber mixing amount [%] PNF expanding agent mixing amount [%] Water reducing agent mixing amount [%] 1 Clastic rock 0 0 0.2 2 Recycled aggregate 0.4 6 0 3 Cobblestone 0.7 9 0.4 Table 2-3 Design of orthogonal test Number Column Number Aggregate Polystyrene fiber mixing amount [%] PNF expanding agent mixing amount [%] Water reducing agent mixing amount [%] 1 1 [Clastic rock] 1(0.7%) 1(0%) 1(0.2%) 2 1 [Clastic rock] 2(0.4%) 2(6%) 2(0%) 3 1 [Clastic rock] 3(0%) 3(9%) 3(0.4%) 4 2[Recycled aggregate] 1(0.7%) 2(6%) 3(0.4%) 5 2[Recycled aggregate] 2(0.4%) 3(9%) 1(0.2%) 6 2[Recycled aggregate] 3(0%) 1(0%) 2(0%) 7 3[Cobblestone] 1(0.7%) 3(9%) 2(0%) 8 3[Cobblestone] 2(0.4%) 1(0%) 3(0.4%) 9 3[Cobblestone] 3(0%) 2(6%) 1(0.2%) Experiment of raw materials.
Namely the first j column factor level for b, the test times for a (rows), if the number of repeat each level for r, then a = br.
The analysis results of the compressive strength range Table 2-10 L9(34) The result of Compressive strength Sequence number Factor Compressive strength A B C D Compressive strength actual measurement X2 1 1 1 1 1 26.80 718.2400 2 1 2 2 2 25.00 625.0000 3 1 3 3 3 27.50 756.2500 4 2 1 2 3 30.90 954.8100 5 2 2 3 1 31.20 973.4400 6 2 3 1 2 29.60 876.1600 7 3 1 3 2 25.00 625.0000 8 3 2 1 3 22.00 484.0000 9 3 3 2 1 23.20 538.2400 yj1 26.43 27.57 26.13 27.07 ∑y2i=6551.14 yj2 30.57 26.07 26.37 26.53 yj3 23.40 26.77 27.90 26.80 RJ 12.4 4.5 5.3 1.6 Optimal level A2 B1 C3 D1 Primary and secondary factor Optimal combination A2 C3 B1D1 By the poor analysis available: recycled concrete compressive strength was slightly better than those of normal concrete; Same ratio under the condition of same grain size distribution in strength of recycled aggregate concrete, gravel, pebbles; Fiber strength when the dosage is 0.7%; Factors in primary and secondary analysis of four
Conclusion In this paper, through experimental analysis in the same mixture ratio under the condition of compressive strength of recycled concrete is slightly higher than that of natural aggregate strength; Same ratio under the condition of same grain size distribution in strength of recycled aggregate concrete, gravel, pebbles; Fiber strength when the dosage Is 0.7%.
Table2-2 The tested factors and levels of L9(34) Level Factor Aggregate Polystyrene fiber mixing amount [%] PNF expanding agent mixing amount [%] Water reducing agent mixing amount [%] 1 Clastic rock 0 0 0.2 2 Recycled aggregate 0.4 6 0 3 Cobblestone 0.7 9 0.4 Table 2-3 Design of orthogonal test Number Column Number Aggregate Polystyrene fiber mixing amount [%] PNF expanding agent mixing amount [%] Water reducing agent mixing amount [%] 1 1 [Clastic rock] 1(0.7%) 1(0%) 1(0.2%) 2 1 [Clastic rock] 2(0.4%) 2(6%) 2(0%) 3 1 [Clastic rock] 3(0%) 3(9%) 3(0.4%) 4 2[Recycled aggregate] 1(0.7%) 2(6%) 3(0.4%) 5 2[Recycled aggregate] 2(0.4%) 3(9%) 1(0.2%) 6 2[Recycled aggregate] 3(0%) 1(0%) 2(0%) 7 3[Cobblestone] 1(0.7%) 3(9%) 2(0%) 8 3[Cobblestone] 2(0.4%) 1(0%) 3(0.4%) 9 3[Cobblestone] 3(0%) 2(6%) 1(0.2%) Experiment of raw materials.
Namely the first j column factor level for b, the test times for a (rows), if the number of repeat each level for r, then a = br.
The analysis results of the compressive strength range Table 2-10 L9(34) The result of Compressive strength Sequence number Factor Compressive strength A B C D Compressive strength actual measurement X2 1 1 1 1 1 26.80 718.2400 2 1 2 2 2 25.00 625.0000 3 1 3 3 3 27.50 756.2500 4 2 1 2 3 30.90 954.8100 5 2 2 3 1 31.20 973.4400 6 2 3 1 2 29.60 876.1600 7 3 1 3 2 25.00 625.0000 8 3 2 1 3 22.00 484.0000 9 3 3 2 1 23.20 538.2400 yj1 26.43 27.57 26.13 27.07 ∑y2i=6551.14 yj2 30.57 26.07 26.37 26.53 yj3 23.40 26.77 27.90 26.80 RJ 12.4 4.5 5.3 1.6 Optimal level A2 B1 C3 D1 Primary and secondary factor Optimal combination A2 C3 B1D1 By the poor analysis available: recycled concrete compressive strength was slightly better than those of normal concrete; Same ratio under the condition of same grain size distribution in strength of recycled aggregate concrete, gravel, pebbles; Fiber strength when the dosage is 0.7%; Factors in primary and secondary analysis of four
Conclusion In this paper, through experimental analysis in the same mixture ratio under the condition of compressive strength of recycled concrete is slightly higher than that of natural aggregate strength; Same ratio under the condition of same grain size distribution in strength of recycled aggregate concrete, gravel, pebbles; Fiber strength when the dosage Is 0.7%.
Online since: March 2018
Authors: Napassavong Osothsilp, Puvadol Sirivimonpan
It was figured out that Central Composite Design (CCD) was suitable to be used to save the number of experimental runs.
Generally, the number of sand types and resin types in each formulae is up to 3 types.
Sand Type %Si Brightness (Lux) pH Roundness AFS Grain Size Cost per kg. ($) Phenolic Resin Type Flow Length (mm.)
DOE requires necessary number of experimental runs, thus helps reduce experimental cost and time.
Thus, the number of independent variables was 5 instead of 7.
Generally, the number of sand types and resin types in each formulae is up to 3 types.
Sand Type %Si Brightness (Lux) pH Roundness AFS Grain Size Cost per kg. ($) Phenolic Resin Type Flow Length (mm.)
DOE requires necessary number of experimental runs, thus helps reduce experimental cost and time.
Thus, the number of independent variables was 5 instead of 7.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Li Song, De Gang Zhao, Dao Chao Jin
Use a plate colony counting technique, the influence of ipt rice plants on bacteria number of rhizospheric soil was investigated.
Introduction Rice is the second most important cereal grain next to wheat in the world.
The numbers of bacterial were determined as colony-forming units (CFU) on a beef-extract-peptone medium containing 10 g NaCl, 3 g beef extract, and 10 g peptone per liter.
But the non-ipt control had a higher CFU number (91.33) than ipt rice from T8 transgenic progeny in filling stage (57.67) (Figure 2).
Bacterial colonies were presented by the means of soil bacterial number on the plates.
Introduction Rice is the second most important cereal grain next to wheat in the world.
The numbers of bacterial were determined as colony-forming units (CFU) on a beef-extract-peptone medium containing 10 g NaCl, 3 g beef extract, and 10 g peptone per liter.
But the non-ipt control had a higher CFU number (91.33) than ipt rice from T8 transgenic progeny in filling stage (57.67) (Figure 2).
Bacterial colonies were presented by the means of soil bacterial number on the plates.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Peng Wang
As the number of different types of materials has grown, so has their range of applications, many of which would not have been possible using clay-based products, since they require better or perhaps more specific properties.
Fine grained polycrystalline materials, produced by a controlled crystallisation of glasses, also called glass [5].
They can be defined as a group of inorganic non-metallic materials which are almost always crystalline and which have a number of industrial applications [7].
Silicon carbide is covalently bonded and exists in a number of forms with various stacking arrangements of the planes of atoms.
However, when using them for technical applications both designer and user are constrained by a number of limitations relating to reproducible quality, mechanical properties, predicting operational life, joining, non-destructive testing and approval, finishing and post-finishing [10].
Fine grained polycrystalline materials, produced by a controlled crystallisation of glasses, also called glass [5].
They can be defined as a group of inorganic non-metallic materials which are almost always crystalline and which have a number of industrial applications [7].
Silicon carbide is covalently bonded and exists in a number of forms with various stacking arrangements of the planes of atoms.
However, when using them for technical applications both designer and user are constrained by a number of limitations relating to reproducible quality, mechanical properties, predicting operational life, joining, non-destructive testing and approval, finishing and post-finishing [10].
Online since: November 2006
Authors: Boris Aberšek, Jože Flašker, Srečko Glodež
Computer simulations, and different numerical methods have to play and can
treat an imposing number of atoms, but conceptual understanding of how to reason from small to
the large will play an equally important role.
ΘΘΘ (1) In general, depending on the number of gears we obtain a system n of differential equation of second order, which, in our algorithm is solved by the conventional method of Runge Kutta.
The precision of the prediction will be linked to the consideration of the maximum number of interactions.
The value of the factor Z is related to propagation of the plastic zone, deformation and orientation of grain in case of short cracks and stress intensity factors in case of long cracks.
By integrating the Eq. 13 we obtain the distribution of the crack size for a great number of cracks initiated at any possible moment between 0 and τ with density corresponding to fT (t).
ΘΘΘ (1) In general, depending on the number of gears we obtain a system n of differential equation of second order, which, in our algorithm is solved by the conventional method of Runge Kutta.
The precision of the prediction will be linked to the consideration of the maximum number of interactions.
The value of the factor Z is related to propagation of the plastic zone, deformation and orientation of grain in case of short cracks and stress intensity factors in case of long cracks.
By integrating the Eq. 13 we obtain the distribution of the crack size for a great number of cracks initiated at any possible moment between 0 and τ with density corresponding to fT (t).
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Peng Xu, Ren Shu Yang, De Jun Meng, Dong Ming Guo, Yan Bing Wang
The immediate roof is aluminum mudstone, its thick is 1.06m, the old roof is the gray massive mudstone, its thick is 7.0 ~ 9.15m, and the average is 8.35m; the direct floor is aluminum mudstone from gray to dark gray, its thick is 1.01 ~ 1.99m, and the average is1.50 m, the old floor is off white medium grained sandstones with massive no bedding, and its thick is 2.22m.
Table 1 The technology parameter table of hydraulic support with integrated roof beam of ZH2000/24/32Z (K) type Name Unit Parameter Remark Height of support mm 2400~3200 Length of support mm 3000 Central Distance of support mm 1000 Diameter of brace mm 125 Number of brace Piece 4 Pace of advancing support mm 800 Working resistance KN 2000 Early Support strength KN 980 Support intensity MPa 0.595 Control pattern Centralized control Support Weight ton 2.0 Unit maximum Weight ton 0.9 Pump pressure MPa 20 working liquid M10 of emulsion density is 2% Transporting System Selection.
Table 2 Improving device model table of transport system name Specification model unit number Main technology scraper conveyer SGW-40 Per three · Voltage 660V,rotate speed 1470r/min,maximum length 100m,capacity of conveyor 150T/h。
Usually divide into groups when initiation, and the maximum length of initiation (or the number of blast-holes) increased by group, which should meet the requirements of the empty top area, transportation capacity and gas emission Quantity when multi-group initiation.
The initiation sequence is began in the conveyor lane to dividing into groups along the working face, sequence blasting, each group line up according to the number of the detonators, each group had eight blast-holes, which can increase or decrease depends on the actual situation.
Table 1 The technology parameter table of hydraulic support with integrated roof beam of ZH2000/24/32Z (K) type Name Unit Parameter Remark Height of support mm 2400~3200 Length of support mm 3000 Central Distance of support mm 1000 Diameter of brace mm 125 Number of brace Piece 4 Pace of advancing support mm 800 Working resistance KN 2000 Early Support strength KN 980 Support intensity MPa 0.595 Control pattern Centralized control Support Weight ton 2.0 Unit maximum Weight ton 0.9 Pump pressure MPa 20 working liquid M10 of emulsion density is 2% Transporting System Selection.
Table 2 Improving device model table of transport system name Specification model unit number Main technology scraper conveyer SGW-40 Per three · Voltage 660V,rotate speed 1470r/min,maximum length 100m,capacity of conveyor 150T/h。
Usually divide into groups when initiation, and the maximum length of initiation (or the number of blast-holes) increased by group, which should meet the requirements of the empty top area, transportation capacity and gas emission Quantity when multi-group initiation.
The initiation sequence is began in the conveyor lane to dividing into groups along the working face, sequence blasting, each group line up according to the number of the detonators, each group had eight blast-holes, which can increase or decrease depends on the actual situation.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Fa Ben Chen
Chinese scholars have carried out a number of studies on construction vibration effects on buildings and the environment [1,2], Such as: Zhu Weidong and others [1] through the testing and analysis on underground vibration characteristics caused by pile foundation construction, proposing underground particle vibration velocity measurement, calculation theory and evaluation methods, providing a basis for safety performance of the construction process affect on surrounding buildings; Xu Xichang and others[2] did some test on construction site in grain depot hammer vibration, combined with existing relevant norms at home and abroad, after a comprehensive analysis, given the value of the security threshold vibration 5mm/s, then assist in damping ditch excavation, construction of multiple pile spacing and other measures to control the vibration; Ma Dejiang [3] and others studied test methods for vibration effects of building pile foundation construction; Zeng Yongsheng [4] analyzed the mechanism
Table 1 Impact Bored vibration source parameters and site construction work profiles Vibration source Hammer weight /ton Max drop /m Pile hole diameter /mm Drilling test site The number one source (pile hole no.26 #) 7 4.3 2100 Test period begin at 2 meters underground, end up at 3 meters underground, the generally stroke is 2 meters, formation is given priority to with Qal+pl soil bastard.
The number two source (pile hole no.27 #) 5.5 3 1800 Test period begin at 11 meters underground, end up at 13 meters underground, the generally stroke is 2 meters, formation is given priority to with J2l mudstone.
The number tree source (pile hole no.24 #) 5.5 3 1800 Test period begin at 5 meters underground, end up at 2 meters underground, the generally stroke is 2 meters, formation is given priority to with J2l mudstone.
Table 2 Records the points table vibration parameters Station number horizontaldistance (m) Peak parameters Radial(Y) Section (X) Vertical(Z) Acceleration Speed Frequency Acceleration Speed Frequency Acceleration Speed Frequency cm/s2 cm/s Hz cm/s2 cm/s Hz cm/s2 cm/s Hz C1 6.5 26.1 0.19 67.0 48.7 0.34 67.1 166.1 1.13 18.8 C2 9.9 76.7 0.43 16.6 65.1 0.60 17.9 69.6 0.60 14.8 C3 24.7 41.5 0.17 59.6 48.6 0.15 76.4 10.9 0.04 17.1 C4 40.1 9.2 0.04 67.7 12.5 0.05 76.4 5.4 0.02 18.4 C5 88.2 3.9 0.01 35.1 6.1 0.02 61.2 2.2 0.01 25.2 C1 6.5 33.4 0.25 67.0 58.2 0.37 10.3 168.2 1.14 19.2 C2 9.9 66.5 0.41 16.5 69.1 0.68 17.7 76.8 0.71 14.6 C3 24.7 59.8 0.26 52.9 54.1 0.23 68.7 10.5 0.08 18.6 C4 40.1 12.2 0.07 10.7 15.7 0.05 14.5 6.1 0.02 14.5 C5 88.2 7.6 0.02 78.0 5.7 0.02 60.8 8.3 0.02 62.4 C1 6.5 28.4 0.22 66.9 49.9 0.32 23.5 123.2 0.92 19.4 C2 9.9 60.7 0.25 37.9 38.4 0.14 36.6 28.9 0.14 33.6 C3 24.7 42.0 0.17 57.5 48.4 0.18 75.3 11.6 0.05 75.9 C4 40.1 7.5 0.03 31.9 12.6 0.05 75.6 5.8 0.02 44.2
Table 1 Impact Bored vibration source parameters and site construction work profiles Vibration source Hammer weight /ton Max drop /m Pile hole diameter /mm Drilling test site The number one source (pile hole no.26 #) 7 4.3 2100 Test period begin at 2 meters underground, end up at 3 meters underground, the generally stroke is 2 meters, formation is given priority to with Qal+pl soil bastard.
The number two source (pile hole no.27 #) 5.5 3 1800 Test period begin at 11 meters underground, end up at 13 meters underground, the generally stroke is 2 meters, formation is given priority to with J2l mudstone.
The number tree source (pile hole no.24 #) 5.5 3 1800 Test period begin at 5 meters underground, end up at 2 meters underground, the generally stroke is 2 meters, formation is given priority to with J2l mudstone.
Table 2 Records the points table vibration parameters Station number horizontaldistance (m) Peak parameters Radial(Y) Section (X) Vertical(Z) Acceleration Speed Frequency Acceleration Speed Frequency Acceleration Speed Frequency cm/s2 cm/s Hz cm/s2 cm/s Hz cm/s2 cm/s Hz C1 6.5 26.1 0.19 67.0 48.7 0.34 67.1 166.1 1.13 18.8 C2 9.9 76.7 0.43 16.6 65.1 0.60 17.9 69.6 0.60 14.8 C3 24.7 41.5 0.17 59.6 48.6 0.15 76.4 10.9 0.04 17.1 C4 40.1 9.2 0.04 67.7 12.5 0.05 76.4 5.4 0.02 18.4 C5 88.2 3.9 0.01 35.1 6.1 0.02 61.2 2.2 0.01 25.2 C1 6.5 33.4 0.25 67.0 58.2 0.37 10.3 168.2 1.14 19.2 C2 9.9 66.5 0.41 16.5 69.1 0.68 17.7 76.8 0.71 14.6 C3 24.7 59.8 0.26 52.9 54.1 0.23 68.7 10.5 0.08 18.6 C4 40.1 12.2 0.07 10.7 15.7 0.05 14.5 6.1 0.02 14.5 C5 88.2 7.6 0.02 78.0 5.7 0.02 60.8 8.3 0.02 62.4 C1 6.5 28.4 0.22 66.9 49.9 0.32 23.5 123.2 0.92 19.4 C2 9.9 60.7 0.25 37.9 38.4 0.14 36.6 28.9 0.14 33.6 C3 24.7 42.0 0.17 57.5 48.4 0.18 75.3 11.6 0.05 75.9 C4 40.1 7.5 0.03 31.9 12.6 0.05 75.6 5.8 0.02 44.2
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Zhou Wan, Xin Xiong, Yuan Yuan Shang, Xue Hua Zhang, Zhong Guo Jing
New nodes join and root nodes fail handing
New nodes join handing: The new node, its level number is 2 by default.
Broadcast request information, all nodes which received the message return a reply message which contains level number.
The cluster head of new join nodes is the first node which received 1 as level number.
The relationship between nodes time deviation and hops The figure showed that as the number of hops increased, the time deviation of nodes would increase and the time accuracy reduce.
Girod,and D.Estrin, Fine-Grained Network Time Synchronization using Reference Broadcasts.
Broadcast request information, all nodes which received the message return a reply message which contains level number.
The cluster head of new join nodes is the first node which received 1 as level number.
The relationship between nodes time deviation and hops The figure showed that as the number of hops increased, the time deviation of nodes would increase and the time accuracy reduce.
Girod,and D.Estrin, Fine-Grained Network Time Synchronization using Reference Broadcasts.
Online since: January 2017
Authors: A.P. Kabilan, V.E. Jayanthi, P. Murugeswari
While the copper wire size is scaled to its bulk mean free path (~40nm) at room temperature, electrons extend to the surface and grain-boundary causing undesirable resistivity, excessive power dissipation, inadequate communication bandwidth and signal latency [1].
Depending on the number of tubes, CNT can be classified into Single-walled CNT (SWCNT), SWCNT bundle and Multiwall CNT (MWCNT).
It depends on near and far end electrostatic capacitance and number of CNTs across the width and length of a bundle [10]
In addition to that, the number of conducting channels due to the parallel arrangement of CNTs in the SWCNT bundle further reduces the resistance of CMCNT interconnect.
Bitrate is defined as the number of bits transmitted through the channel per sec.
Depending on the number of tubes, CNT can be classified into Single-walled CNT (SWCNT), SWCNT bundle and Multiwall CNT (MWCNT).
It depends on near and far end electrostatic capacitance and number of CNTs across the width and length of a bundle [10]
In addition to that, the number of conducting channels due to the parallel arrangement of CNTs in the SWCNT bundle further reduces the resistance of CMCNT interconnect.
Bitrate is defined as the number of bits transmitted through the channel per sec.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: George Kaptay
A method to estimate interfacial energy between eutectic solid phases from the results of eutectic solidification experiments
George Kaptay1, 2
1Bay Zoltan Applied Research Public Nonprofit Ltd, 2 Igloi, Miskolc, Hungary, 3519
2University of Miskolc, Egyetemvaros, Miskolc, Hungary 3515
kaptay@hotmail.com, phone: +36 30 4150002
Keywords: eutectic solidification; alloys; grain boundary energy; thermodynamics; Pb-Sn.
Acknowledgements The author acknowledges the financial support from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, under the grant number K101781 and partly by the TAMOP-4.2.1.B-10/2/KONV-2010-0001 project with support by the European Union and the European Social Fund.
Acknowledgements The author acknowledges the financial support from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, under the grant number K101781 and partly by the TAMOP-4.2.1.B-10/2/KONV-2010-0001 project with support by the European Union and the European Social Fund.