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The changing contact conditions result in a varying number of transmission points of the grinding force, which leads to a different tool load.
If the number of contact points located on the left and right flanks is even, a substantially uniform distribution of force is present.
If the number of contact points is odd, an uneven distribution of forces occurs and can lead to a characteristic profile-form deviation [1].
The number of contact points depends on workpiece normal module mn, number of teeth z, normal pressure angle αn and helix angle β as well as on the geometry and size of the grinding worm.
The hypothesis can be made that more sharp grains are used to machine the same material volume, which potentially results in a more effective cut with less friction and thus less power is consumed during grinding.

Technology development and new grades of alloys creation put before construction materials the number of requirements in range of durability and reliability of created constructions.
Grain size obtained during deformation at 4800C is about 10 mm, which indicates the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization process. 3.

Only glass like smooth surface was seen on the surfaces of both the thin films without the presence of any grains or grain boundaries.
The thickness of these thin films was estimated to be <180 nm with much finer particles/grains.
The presence of nano-size grains could be responsible for the estimated higher band gap energy values for thin films when compared to those estimated for their corresponding powder compositions, which had micron size average particles.
The incident monochromatic photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE), defined as the number of electrons generated by light in the circuit divided by the number of incident photons, is evaluated at 350 nm by using the following equation: IPCE (%) = 1240 ´ isc (A cm-2) ´ 100 / l (nm) ´ Iinc (W cm-2) where, isc is the short-circuit photocurrent density, Iinc is the intensity of the corresponding monochromatic light and λ the irradiation wavelength [2,3].

The cell adhesion test showed that the cell number of vascular endothelial in the austenitic stainless steel was more than the titanium alloy materials, and the cells grow in good condition.
The total numbers of adhered platelets were counted.
The grain is 5～6 grade.
Fig.5 Platelets adhesion number comparison between high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel and titanium alloy,*, significant difference (P<0.05), **, extremely significant difference (P<0.01) Hemolysis rate test.
The platelets adhesion number was little and had no obvious gathered phenomenon, which indicated that the materials in this experiment had good biocompatibility.

This bistability is replaced in the (NAg,NCu,P,T) ensemble by a continuous evolution of both the structure and the concentration of the (001) facets from Cu-rich square-shaped to Ag-rich diamond-shaped facets as the number of Ag atoms increases.
These potentials have been quite successful in the calculation of surface (dense and vicinal) [5,10], grain boundary [11] and cluster [12] properties of metals and alloys.
A standard Metropolis algorithm is used [13] and the averages are evaluated over 5.105 MC macrosteps, a similar number of macrosteps being used to reach equilibrium.
A MC macrostep corresponds to propositions of random atomic displacement and propositions of individual chemical switch in the p-GC ensemble, or propositions of atomic exchange between heteroatomic pairs in the C ensemble, being the total number of atoms and the number of minority atoms (I = Cu, Ag).
To elucidate this unexpected result, we plot in Fig. 2b the evolution of the couple of angles (see Fig. 1a) as a function of the number of MC steps for a (001) facet concentration close to 0.5, i.e. in the bistability domain of the p-GC ensemble.

., Minsk, 220013, Belarus azhursp@yandex.ru (corresponding author) Keywords: pulse spark plasma erosion desperation, fine-grained particles, hard alloy.
Fig 3а Distribution curve of particle size Fig 3b Distribution curve of particle masses According to the data provided in Figure 3 a, the size of the particles of the powder is mostly in the range from 50 to 200 nm, the maximum number of particles in the suspension have a diameter of about 70 nm.

A Historical Review of the Developments in Casthouse Technology and a Peek into the Future Peter Whiteley Munimula Technology Pty Ltd munimula@bigpond.com Keywords: furnaces, degassers, filtration, moulds, alloy management Abstract Over the past thirty (30) years or so aluminium casthouse technology has been driven by a number of factors which have variously included: • Competition from alternative materials • Lightweighting • Market requirements for enhanced properties affecting gas levels, impurities, inclusions, physical and chemical properties, ease of downstream processing, reduced cost and improved delivery • Reduction in conversion cost by various means including capacity creep, maximising asset utilization, minimizing scrap, reducing melt loss, labour, and energy costs • The ever present need for improved safety performance.
There are a number of off the shelf systems now available which infer melt mass based on heel height measurement or another which directly measures mass.
The larger question about CFF's is the vulnerability to inclusion release with the addition of grain refiner, raised in various papers by Professor W.
A number of people in this country die every year from legionella bacteria arising from cooling towers.
However it has environmental issues as you will be aware and, raw chlorine will react with the vegetable oil colloids and form very waxy, sticky substances which will deposit in moulds, pipes, valves - to the extent that this shut down a number of Alcan's DC pits some years ago.

Introduction VC is an important addition agent both in the alloy and ceramics, which can fine the grains and increase alloy and metal ceramic strength and hardness[1,2] .
Table 2 The reaction of each reactive mechanism and their Type Number response equation x A B note The first mechanism 1 2 3 4 C + CO2 = 2CO V2O5 + CO = 2 VO2 + CO2 2VO2 +CO=V2O3 + CO2 1/5V2O3 + 7/5CO = 2/5VC + CO2 166550 -171.00 -246150 74.27 -712500 12.14 -35450 75.864 The response equation 1 is Boudouord reaction.
From the equation , reaction 2 ~ 4 would react, which needs to be offered enough CO which comes from reactive (1).Base on Phase law[8], number of spaces n = 3, independent number R = 1, reaction phase numberπ= 2, freedom f = n - R -π + 2 = 2, So gas phase balance function (fCO) must be linked with temperature (T) and total pressure (P).We establish the following equations: (1) In the equation, K is equilibrium constant; fCO and fCO2 are the Volume fraction of CO and CO2 in balance gas phase. f is the sum of fCO and fCO2.
The gas Moore number of the reactive Δn is 0.

Variations in the specific discharging capacity with cycle number for the cells measured at 60 °C are shown in Fig. 3.
The typical grain dimensions are around 1µm.
150150150150 Voltage / V 0 50 100 150 Specific Capacity / mAhg-1 25 75 125 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 (a) 2.02.02.02.0 2.52.52.52.5 3.03.03.03.0 3.53.53.53.5 4.04.04.04.0 4.54.54.54.5 0000 25252525 50505050 75757575 100100100100 125125125125 150150150150 Voltage / V 0 50 100 150 Specific Capacity / mAhg-1 25 75 125 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 2.02.02.02.0 2.52.52.52.5 3.03.03.03.0 3.53.53.53.5 4.04.04.04.0 4.54.54.54.5 0000 25252525 50505050 75757575 100100100100 125125125125 150150150150 Voltage / V 0 50 100 150 Specific Capacity / mAhg-1 25 75 125 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 (a) Voltage / V 0 50 100 150 Specific Capacity / mAhg-1 25 75 125 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 (b) Voltage / V 0 50 100 150 Specific Capacity / mAhg-1 25 75 125 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 (b) Fig.2 The charge and discharge curves of LiFePO4 prepared using (a) iron metal powder or (b) carbon powder as a microwave absorber for the first cycle at 60 ºC. 0 20 Cycle Number
5 10 15 0 40 80 120 160 200 Specific Capacity / mAhg-1 :carbon absorber :iron metal absorber 0 20 Cycle Number 5 10 15 0 40 80 120 160 200 Specific Capacity / mAhg-1 :carbon absorber :iron metal absorber Fig.3 Variations in the specific discharge capacity with cycle number for LiFePO4 measured at a 0.5C rate and at 60ºC.

Lower temperature aging contributes to the increased hardness by increasing the number of intermediate zones during precipitation, increase in the number of finer intermetallic’s & therefore decreased interparticle distances [5].
Dimples are the result of formation and coalescence of micro-voids that nucleate at localized strain regions (2nd phase particles, inclusions, grain boundaries, dislocations etc.
Increase in number of SiO2 particles (9%), increases the number of voids and dimples.