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This compound has monoclinic structure, commonly observed in the interface with Ni-based UBM or substrate.
%P/Ni3Sn/Ni3Sn4 structure, (b) high magnification image.
Phase Structure Space group (no.)
Tu: Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 53 (1998), p.165 [6] H.

Mechanical behaviour of an AA6082 aluminium alloy at low temperatures Ida Westermann1,2,a *, Odd Sture Hopperstad2,b and Magnus Langseth2,c 1SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway 2Structural Impact Laboratory (SIMLab), Centre for Centre for Research-based Innovation and Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway aida.westermann@sintef.no, bodd.hopperstad@ntnu.no, cmagnus.langseth@ntnu.no Keywords: low temperature, split-Hopkinson bar, mechanical properties, work-hardening behaviour Abstract.
This alloy is accepted for marine applications and is in addition widely used for other applications, e.g. automotive structures.
The profile walls have a fibrous grain structure with a recrystallized surface layer (ca. 300 µm).
Solids & Structures, 46 (2009) 3825-3835

Common low-alloy structural steel (Si-Mn steel) such as SS400, SM490 steel (JIS 63106) and Q235, Q345 steel (GB1591-1994), when works at a temperature of above 350 oC[1,2], its yield strength may drop to less than 2/3 of the yield strength at room temperature, which is lower than the yield strength demanded by building structure.
The first steel N1 was the steel with a chemistry of <0.3% Mo.
The bainite is a structure having a high dislocation density, is effective in enhancing and stabilizing strength.
The result that bainite, which is a structure having a high dislocation density, is effective in enhancing and stabilizing elevated temperature strength.

With dispersed metals powders introduction as fillers in polymer matrix structure we can obtain new composite hydrogel coatings, which, depending on the nature of the filler will have a new set of properties [2].
In this case there are forming polymers with three dimensional cross-linked structure formed by HEMA bulks grafted on PVP matrix.
Due to availability in co-polymer structure the great number of polar groups, the obtained covers are characterized by high adhesion to different surfaces, even during swelling in water.
Hnatchuk, Researching influence the nature of metal on mechanism of synthesis polyvinilpyrrolidone metal copolymers, Chemistry Chem.

Characterization of catalyst The specific surface area and porous structure of pretreated supports was studied by nitrogen physisorption (Surface area analyzer, ASAP2020, USA) at -196 ˚C.
X- ray diffraction (XRD, D/MAX 2500-V/PC, Rigaku, Japan) was used to characterize the crystal structures of the pretreated supports and prepared catalysts in 2 theta angles range from 10 to 90˚.
This results can suggest that the silica structure was collapsed and dissolving by the ammonia water treatment in increasing temperature [7].
Zhuravlev, The surface chemistry of amorphous silica.

ENEA, 00044, Frascati, Italy, 4 Department of Chemistry, University “Federico II” of Napoli, 80125, Napoli, Italy, 5Physics Department & INFN.
These changes in the physical-chemical properties of the pure water are most likely to be attributed to variations in its supra-molecular structure, due to an extraordinary auto-organization potentiality, triggered by several kinds of small energy perturbations - that is the basis of every living system.
The filter among the semi-cells has the function to confine the supra-molecular water structures generated in one semi-cell, originating in such a way a physical asymmetry among the two volumes of chemically pure water.
The advancement in the highly challenging and promising research field on the peculiar dynamic of the liquid water, on the Oxhydroelectric Effect and on its extraordinary wide range of applications is intimately linked to the joint efforts of many experimental and theoretical scientists looking to the pervasive existence in nature of low energy coherent systems (LECS). 1The quantum electrodynamics (QED) description of liquid water structure shows [6,8] that liquid water is a system in a stable non-equilibrium state due to the co-existence of two phases characterized by different thermodynamic parameters: a matrix of non-coherent water molecules hosting many “Coherence Domains” (CDs), about 0.1 mm in size, in which all water molecules are oscillating in phase with a self-trapped electromagnetic field [16,18].

Spectral graph theory is a family of techniques that can characterize the properties of the global structure of objects by graphs.
This theory is widely used in chemistry, theory of finding ways and computer vision.
The main feature of the spectral graph theory is the distribution of eigenvalues that are used to provide a compact graph structure.
It is also allows to track spatial structure of the object [1].

Synthesis and electrochemical studies of TiO2 – Pani Nanocomposite PARAMASIVAM RAJAKANI1,a and CHINNAPIYAN VEDHI1,b 1Department of Chemistry, V.O Chidambaram College, Tuticorin –8, Tamilnadu, India.
The observed 2θ values are consistent with the standard JCPDS values (JCPDS No.78-1285 & 86), which shows the presence of mixed anatase and rutile tetragonal structure of TiO2 [5].
As per the SEM images, it could be seen that the nanostructured TiO2 particles are embedded within the granular flower like structure built by Pani chains.
SEM study showed that the nanostructured TiO2 particles are embedded within the granular flower like structure built by Pani chains.

Yakimova3,l 1 CNR IMM, VIII Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy 2 Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Italy 3 IFM, Linkoping University, Sweden afilippo.giannazzo@imm.cnr.it, bgiuseppe.nicotra@imm.cnr.it, cioannis.deretzis@imm.cnr.it, daurora.piazza@imm.cnr.it, egabriele.fisichella@imm.cnr.it, fsimonpietro.agnello@unipa.it, gcorrado.spinella@imm.cnr.it, hantonino.lamagna@imm.cnr.it, i fabrizio.roccaforte@imm.cnr.it, lroy@ifm.liu.se Keywords: graphene, C face, interfacial disorder, AFM, STEM, Raman Abstract.
The differences in the morphological and electrical properties of Gr on the two polar SiC{0001} surfaces are strongly related to the growth mechanisms and the interface structure.
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) provided atomic resolution information on the interface structure and chemical composition.
EELS spectra were taken by scanning the electron beam in the high angle annular dark field (HAADF) STEM mode, and using ~0.75 eV spectrometer energy resolution, which was sufficient to reveal different features in the fine structure of the C-K edge, Si-L1 and -L2,3 edges and O-K edge.

The Role of Temperature on Hydration of Binary System of Metakaolin/Portland Cement Martin Boháč1, a *, Radoslav Novotný1, b, Jakub Tkacz1, c and Miroslava Hajdúchová1, d, Martin Palou1, e, Theodor Staněk2, f 1 Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Material Research Centre, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic 2 Research Institute for Building Materials, Hněvkovského 30/65, 61700 Brno, Czech Republic abohac@fch.vutbr.cz, bxcnovotny2@fch.vutbr.cz, ctkacz@fch.vutbr.cz, dxchajduchova@fch.vutbr.cz, epalou@ch.vutbr.cz, fstanek@vustah.cz Keywords: cement, metakaolin, role of temperature, calorimetry, microstructure Abstract.
Faster crystallization at higher temperatures affects apposition of ions on precipitation nuclei resulting in disordered structures of semi-crystalline or amorphous hydrates.
Raman shift 987-992 (cm-1) depending on w/c ratio and on the age of hydration is characteristic for sulfate group from AFt structure.
Barnes (Eds.), Structure and Performance of Cements, 2nd Edition, Spon Press, New York, (2002) 57–113