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Online since: December 2019
Authors: Alexander I. Nikulin, Al-Khawaf Ali Fadhil Qasim
Diagrams of non-uniform compression and concrete tension (a) and the reinforcement deformation with the physical yield point (b): The unknown parameters of concrete deformation diagrams for non-uniform compression and tension (refer with Fig. 2a) are obtained by transforming the original (reference) diagrams using a number of new hypotheses and assumptions [8]: – for the ultimate stage of concrete deformation under non-uniform compression (which corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the compressed element in step exhaustion of its strength at normal section), the fiber deformation passing through the gravity center of the compressive stressing diagram is equal to the concrete ultimate deformation under central compression ebR; – the exhaustion criterion in the carrying capacity of an eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete element is achieved by the fiber grains of this element compressed zone to the ultimate value of the relative deformation ebu with the concrete resistance
Since a number of dependencies in the system is non-linear, their numerical implementation is performed using the iterative methods.
The calculations made it possible to reveal the influence of a number of factors on the bearing capacity of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements: – with an increase in the concrete class calculated, the bearing capacity (Nu) of the samples increases; the greatest growth is observed in the elements where the process of crack formation has received a slight development; in particular, for the samples with an estimated length of 2.0 m, a reinforcement content of 2.0% and a relative eccentricity of 0.45 increase in value Nu turned out to be the greatest and made +47 % and +85 %, respectively, for concrete В40 and В60 compared with В20; with a relative load eccentricity e0/h = 1,0 the corresponding excess load capacity decreased significantly and amounted, respectively, +14 % and +23 %, which is explained by the presence of a more extensive crack zone in such samples; – the raise in the reinforcement ratio of the cross section increases the samples carrying capacity; the
Online since: January 2019
Authors: Phayao Yongsiriwit, Chanyut Fongsuwan, Murnee Daoh, Pitchpilai Khoonphunnarai
It is difficult to determine the number of units installed and amount of hot water used.
Radioactivity measurement First, start with cracking the rock samples into fine grain, Furthermore, use 2 mm grille to sieve fine rock samples, and put into plastic bowl with dimension 6.5 cm x 7.5 cm.
This is because the number of granite outcrops are too few.
The major product from this type of alteration [14] is that high 40K content in granite may be because the number of samples from the outcrops is too few.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: Viktor Malau, Adji Swandito
Brine composition analysis was carried out to determine anions and cations number.
Whereas the pearlite grains are visible only in smaller areas.
Table 3 shows the results of hardness test resulting in a Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) of 204.
The number of iron ions decrease in the solution as showed in Fig.4 (a) due to blockage of the surface with the adsorbed inhibitor molecules.
Online since: March 2010
Authors: Tao Li, Dong Bo Wang, Xiu Tian Yan, Ning Sheng Guo
But the EDP model is hardly predictable and can therefore only be pre-planned on a coarse-grained level, besides there are many design making in the design process [5].
In the knowledge representation, the Michigan code is used and real number instead of binary coding is used for the convenience of EDP domain knowledge.
Table3 computation of fitness function Rule IF A THEN C IF A THEN NOT C IF NOT A THEN C IF NOT A THEN NOT C Number pp pn np nn AO Knowledge Learning Algorithm and Case Study.
The training data set normally is coming from the case history in EDP, and because the real number coding is used, the base vector is used to set the initial chromosome; in certain generation, the fitness is computed for the current population, and part of the chromosome is selected according to specific GAP determine the percentage of selection, the single crossover is used to recombine the sub-population before the sub-population mutation, then a set of new population is added into the sub-population for the next loop, the new rule then can be learned after certain generation.
Online since: March 2004
Authors: Zhan Qiang Liu, Xing Ai
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 447 Experiment Setup In this study, gray cast iron was selected as the workpiece materials.
Table 1 Chemical composition and hardness of the workpiece material Chemical composition [mass%] Hardness [HB] Workpiece material C Si Mn S P Cr Fe HT 200 3.12 1.8 0.72 0.11 0.1 0.058 Balance 206 Table 2 Tool geometry and cutting conditions Cutting conditions Parameters Axial rake angle -5° Radial rake angle -7° Feed per tooth [mm/z] 0.1 Cutting width [mm] 5 Depth of cut [mm] 0.5 Number of tooth single Approach angle 75° milling cutter tool wear measurement work table data processing spindle workpiece dynamometer amplifier cutting force measurement Fz Fy Fx Fz Fy Fx D/A board Fig.1 Experimental set-up Results and Discussions Tool Wear.
As fractured grains of the tool itself are carried by flowing chips, they themselves may cause further abrasive wear of the tool [14].
However, ceramic and PCBN tools possess very high wear resistance, so the extent of the second mechanism may be different from other Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 449 tool materials.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Maria Poroch-Seriţan, Gheorghe Gutt, Petru Bulai, Traian Lucian Severin
The mechanical, corrosion and magnetic properties of Ni-Fe alloys are affected by a number of factors including alloy composition, grain size, internal stress and surface roughness.
(5) where xi is the coded value (dimensionless value), Yi is the natural value of the ith test variable, Yi0 is the natural value in the center of the range of the ith test variable and ΔYi is the interval of variation for ith test variable and n represent the number of the process variables [10, 11].
Orthogonal central composite design of 23 type Experiment number The current density, J The temperature, T The solution pH W, the surface hardness (HV) Coded value, x1 Natural value Y1 (A/dm2) Coded value, x2 Natural value Y2 (ºC) Coded value x3 Natural value (Y3) 1 -1 1.75 -1 25 -1 2.5 139.0 2 +1 3.51 -1 25 -1 2.5 126.0 3 -1 1.75 +1 35 -1 2.5 151.0 4 +1 3.51 +1 35 -1 2.5 134.0 5 -1 1.75 -1 25 +1 3.5 132.0 6 +1 3.51 -1 25 +1 3.5 121.0 7 -1 1.75 +1 35 +1 3.5 138.0 8 +1 3.51 +1 35 +1 3.5 120.0 9 +α 3.70 0 30 0 3.0 125.0 10 - α 1.56 0 30 0 3.0 133.0 11 0 2.63 +α 36 0 3.0 136.0 12 0 2.63 - α 24 0 3.0 129.0 13 0 2.63 0 30 +α 3.6 131.0 14 0 2.63 0 30 - α 2.4 138.0 15 0 2.63 0 30 0 3.0 135.0 16 0 2.63 0 30 0 3.0 135.5 To explain the behaviour of the studied system a second order polynomial equation (Eq. 7) was used for correlation between the independent variables (x1, x2 and x3) and response function W [10]
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Dong Mei Qi, Guang Qi Zhou, Yin Guo, Xue Liang Zhang, Jing Xian Zhai
Edible part is grain and the output is about 4500kg / hectare; stem unit output is up to (60 ~ 75) × 103kg / hectare.
The bacteria is selected from the production of mash in the Hemiascomycetes Saccharmyces bacteria, which can be automatically integrated into small groups with diameter of about 0.5mm-5mm in its growth process, thus making the cell numbers in the culture medium increase to 1012-14 / L, higher than the number of free cells 10 to 100 times.
Acknowledgements This program was supported by the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education funding (project number: 20061194 and 2008070).
Online since: December 2006
Authors: S.I. Kwun, Yong Hwan Kim
However, the additive powder grains are thought to act as a nucleation sites.
The variations of the fracture strength with increasing additive powder content can be attributed to the variations in the amount of brittle intermetallic (Cr, W)2B and the number of pores in the wide-gap brazed region.
However, the number of pores in the brazed region increases due to the small amount of filler metal filling up the wide-gap (Fig. 4).
Therefore, the region brazed with the 60 wt. % additive powder and 40 wt. % filler metal had a higher fracture strength, due to the relatively smaller amount of (Cr, W)2B and lower number of pores.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Han Min Liu, Yue Hua Wen, Gao Ping Cao, Jun Li Pan, Jie Cheng
In an acid aqueous solution of zinc sulfate, it is easy for the formation of fine grained, smooth and compact deposits.
For the latter nuclei growth type that occurred on the graphite composite, two limiting cases can be observed: instantaneous nucleation, where all nuclei are formed immediately after the potential step; and progressive nucleation, where the number of nuclei increases during the whole deposition process [17].
The plot of the columbic efficiency as a function of number of charge-discharge cycles at different current densities is shown in Fig. 4.
And a major change in Qeff with cycling number can be found.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Ru Xin Che, Bing Yu, Chun Xia Wang, Li Qiu Wei
Table 1 is the sample serial number.
Table 1 Serial number of samples Sample serial number Absorbent name Sample 1 Magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere Sample 2 FeSmO3 Sample 3 Magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere (had not been pre-treated)+ FeSmO3 Sample 4 Magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere (had been pre-treated) + FeSmO3 Fig. 5 Relationship of absorbing effectiveness and frequency on samples.
When grain size is about 10 nm, the effect of remanence increase is notable, so the magnetic loss can be increased, and it is better to improve absorbing properties.
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