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This is related to the fact that the most intensive fatigue plastic deformation occurs on the surface of one grain thickness metal layer [1].
The fracture surface gloss in the fatigue crack propagation region is more expressed at the loads similar to the fatigue limit, and it is more emphasized at bigger number of cycles till failure.
Small loads and a big number of cycles till failure evoke the formation of a big, smooth and glossy region.
With the increase of load, the number of fatigue crack hotbeds increased.

Figure 1 show typical X-ray imaging characteristics, a large number of porosity produce in the critical full penetration weld and part penetration weld, even if under the of condition of the rigorous surface treatment before welding and the perfect gas shielding during welding process.
With regarding of porosity shape, one is round that occurs usually in full penetration weld, in which large one is in weld center and a number of small porosity randomly distributed in the weld, and some micro porosity is difficult to identify by X-ray.
The wall of round porosity is smooth, and the interaction of dendritic growth and grain cells can found on it, which belongs to metallurgical porosity.
Matsunawa, Seto et al used high-speed X-ray imaging systems to observe keyhole fluctuations for the steel and aluminum part penetration laser welding, and identified a large number of bubbles generating periodically at the bottom of keyhole, keyhole diameter and depth fluctuate strongly, and bubble move with the flow of metal pool, but no full penetration laser welding [6-9].

From this result, our attempt to prepare the AC-MnO2-CNT composite materials was successful and the deposited MnO2 grains clumped together.
In reaction to the atmosphere slightly acidic and neutral atmosphere, ion MnO4- with +7 oxidation number would be reduced to MnO2 precipitate with oxidation number +4, while in a state of MnO4- alkaline ions would be reduced to manganate (MnO42-) which was described by the following reaction: 1) The reduction reaction MnO4- acidic condition: MnO4- + 4H+ + 3e MnO2 + 2H2O 2) The reduction reaction MnO4- neutral condition: MnO4- + 2H2O MnO2 + 4OH- 3) The reduction reaction MnO4- alkaline condition: MnO4- + 4OH- 4MnO42- + 2H2O +O2 This reaction has been evidenced from the XRD pattern of AC-MnO2-CNT composite that the presence of MnO2 has the greatest intensity was at the AC-MnO2-CNT composite in acidic conditions.
If the number of ions increases, the current flow in the cell also increases.

They found that colchicine has the effect of inducing cell chromosome doubling, a finding that technically solved for the reliability of chromosome doubling, greatly promote the method of artificially induced polyploidy has received more than one thousand kinds of polyploid plants, many have been widely used in production, and made great achievements. 2.1.1 Physical process Temperature catastrophe, ray irradiation, mechanical damage and pick the heart can make the induction of polyploidy.At the meiosis of coffee pollen mother cells on neutral species can get a lot of diploidy pollen grains during low temperature (8 ℃ ~ 10 ℃) deal directly with the flower organs[5];Using uv irradiation beet flower bud 20 min can lead to selfing generations have 2 strains produce pollen, X-ray irradiation can produce polyploid rice;In addition, the plant tissue is cut or after grafting, tend to produce callus in slit, certain callus cell chromosome can double nature, develop into polyploid branches in the
The mechanism of Colchicine is that it can inhibit the formation of the mitotic spindle at Cell division and chromatid divided, but resulted in the nondisjunction cytoplasmic double chromosome number.
The development of tissue culture technology makes a possible which is chossing single cell or a few cells as induced material, again differentiates induction of double cell into a plant, It not only can reduce and avoid the conventional processing mosaic generating interference, obtain homogenous polyploid, improve the efficiency of mutation.In addition, the mutation of the group can guarantee the success of the polyploid screening, and once selected polyploid can quickly in a short time to produce a large number of high purity, good quality, no plant diseases and insect pests of field identification of tube seedlings to facilitate and promote. 2.1.3 Biological process Somatic hybridization method:Somatic hybridization is also called the protoplast fusion, which is based on the development of tissue culture and protoplast culture.With the establishment of the protoplast regeneration system and the mature of fusion esearch techniques and conditions, cultivating polyploid by somatic hybridization
Bohanec B[11] found it has best effect under 0.5 g/L of colchicine treatment on Mn hyperaccumulator pokeweed crown growing point of 24h, mutation rate can get 46%, the chromosome number identification of the variation polyploid induction is tetraploid, so the method of using colchicine induced pokeweed polyploidy is feasible, it also provides a new train of thought for the excavation of hyperaccumulation plant germplasm resources Polyploids is short and strong, so it has better resistance to lodging, its broad leaves, flower diameter and shape parameters were significantly greater than the diploid, which conforms to the characteristics of polyploid groups.

The grains of the abrasive cut through the indented surface layer compressing material onto the sides of the micro-cutting groove.
Volchannel = πrh x 10,600 μm x 56 particles (4) The number of 190 μm-diameter particles in a 10,600 μm x 10,600 μm machining area will be equal to: Number of particles on one side = 10,600 μm ÷ 190 μm = 56 particles Number of particles in the machining area = 56 x 56 = 3,136 particles (5) Eparticle=FT1.3  x S (T) 3,136 The downward thrust force, FT, is reported to be 30% higher than the cutting force [9,10] which enables cutting in the ductile mode.

Therefor, it is impossible to pay attention of the special meaning of a grain of sand, or a drop of dew.
However, when you stand beside her, you will be shocked by nature, even in the wilderness two cliffs have been cut out when you stroll on the bottom, you will feel the vitality that after thousands of years of natural growth those plants shows, turns out that life is so strong, like trees and flowers that growing at low-laying valley that can not enjoy too much sun, but still grow well; in the Valley will inevitably encounter some caves, a number of stalactite morphology varied, and often give rise to all kinds of dreaming, made people come city hustle and bustle turn to have the mood of playing with the nature.
Therefore,take activities and provide a large number of non-construction space for these activities is the key of the plan buildings in the valley must be kept to a minimum, a number of wood bridge flow through, one by one cave is a natural space, occasionally There are several small cottage ,it is enough. 4.3 Project Location Fully exploit the value of its unique resources, highlighting the canyon’s natural ecology, the original plain, entertainment, fitness adventure, interesting features, etc.

When the ultrasonic wave effect on the heat transfer medium, can also shorten the induction period of nucleation crystals, increase the nucleation rate, so in a short period of time the fluid can generate a large number of crystallites.
Suspension of a large crystallites grain growth rate becomes slow and difficult to be deposited in the tube wall , forming the heat pipe wall fouling will be greatly reduced,so as to achieve the ultimate goal of the anti- fouling , the heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger long-lasting at a high level[7-8].
Each heat exchanger can be equipped with transducer number according to the end cap size can be free to choose the type and quantity, were installed in the outer edge of the corresponding fixed tube plate; (2) The other is the ultrasonic transducer mounted on the inlet of the heat exchanger.
Considering the characteristics and parameters of heat transfer equipment, structure, sewage flow and temperature when select the model of ultrasonic anti-fouling device and the number of transducer.

Despite a number of promising crystal growth studies on AlN [3-5] published after the pioneering work of Slack and McNelly [2], available crystals are still to small to allow their further use in seeded growth.
Balkas et al. [3] and Sarney et al. [8] grew AlN layers on on-axis 6H-SiC, but deposited layers contain multiple grains of millimeter size.
Growth results During growth on the Si face of c-oriented SiC substrates a large number of sharp hexagonal hillocks was formed covering the entire growth surface of the AlN layer, see A and B in Fig. 2.
However, in the case of on-axis a-orientation we also observed a number of thermal etch pits appearing on the surface.

Besides, its high chemical activity promotes secondary hydration reaction, increasing the number of gel, making hydration products more even in the whole interface transition layer, so the property of concrete is improved.
In general due to the relatively small water-cement, concrete is close-grained, nanometer of rice husk ash and coal gangue mixed effects on concrete strength loss rate was not significant.
On the other hand in the rice husk ash nano SiO2 particle size small, its specific surface area and surface atomic number has increased dramatically, the surface atom ligand severity shortage, lead to a lot of suspension and unsaturated keys, make it in a larger thermodynamic instability state, namely has high activity, easily with Ca(OH)2 in the concrete to the secondary hydration reaction, generate produce strength of hydrated calcium silicate.
Based on these two aspects of reasons, when add rice husk ash in concrete, due to the ultrafine particles with high surface activity, leading to nanoscale mineral admixture or cement hydration products and a large number of bonding, or to nanoscale mineral admixtures for the crystal nucleus, hydrated calcium silicate gel phase from forming on the particle surface.

The number of point defects increased with increasing experimental temperature.
Duration of the stages of deformation of nanowires with stretching axis <100> (<010>) and <001> CuAu I at temperatures of 10, 300 and 600 K and yield stress values (max. stress on grips) Direction of applied load T, [K] Max stress on grips, [GPa] Deformation stage number I II III Duration of the stage, [ps] <100> (<010>) 10 8,5 70 225 100 <100> (<010>) 300 10,2 55 245 65 <100> (<010>) 600 11,5 50 285 55 <001> 10 14,5 58 (77) 147 50 (97) <001> 300 13,2 55 (75) 185 50 (150) <001> 600 11,6 43 (70) 157 200 (175) For defect-free nanowires <100> CuAu I, a classical inverse dependence of the maximum voltage on the captures on the temperature of the experiment is observed.
[2] Yashin A.V., Investigation of the features and stages of deformation of nanofibers of a number of metals and Ni3Al alloy based on a FCC lattice [in Russian], Thesis for a scientific degree, Altai State Technical University named by I.I.
Grain-boundary structures in polycrystalline metals at the nanoscale, Physical Review B, 62 (2000) 831-838