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Their normalization to absolute units shows that the higher the size of the core the higher the intensity (and hence the number of structural correlations there).
Nanocrystals with sizes centered around 40 nm (no systematic variations can be observed) in grain size are formed irrespectively on the alloy composition and of the geometry.
This fact indicates that the larger the ρ value the higher the electronic density or the number of diffracting structural units in the core, that is the number of structural correlations.

Table 4 Process parameters at different stages of TN85 cermets grinding Serial number Wheel size Time (h) Grinding depth (μm) Table longitudinal feed speed (m/min) Electrolysis online 1 200# 0.5 20 12 No 2 W40 1 10 10 yes 3 W10 3 3-5 5 yes 4 W2.5 4 1-2 2 yes Table 5 Common process parameters of TN85 cermets grinding Wheel Type Wheel speed (r/min) Horizontal feed speed table (m/min) Grinding Fluid Wheel diameter Diamond Wheel 1500 0.67 Water-based grinding fluid Ф200 SEM Observation on the Surface Morphology of TN85 Cermets Grinding.
Fig.1 (c) shows that the grinding surface is smooth, the grinding marks are not obvious and the number is small, that micro-plastic deformation being dominant is the main features of grinding surface ofTN85 cermets.
Fig.2 (a) is the AFM micro-graphs of grinding surface using 200 # grinding wheel, the surface after rough grinding is composed of a number of integrity marks and the small planes locating in the marks.
As the nickel matrix is relatively soft, it can be easily removed plastically with a large area after rough abrasive grinding; abrasive particle is far greater than the reinforcement phase TiC (1 ~ 3μm), the whole grain particles of enhancing the phase TiC are also removed with nickel-based body being removed.

The mean grain size was about 10 �m.
Therefore, the main reason for the higher fatigue strength at 500°C in comparison with that at room temperature is the suppression of early crack propagation. 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 � � � � R.T. 500��� � Not broken � Stress amplitude MPa Number of cycles N cycle 10 4 105 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 � � � � � � 
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� � � � � � � Crack length llll mm Number of cycles N cycle Fig. 2 S-N curves.
That is, a rough surface is observed on the inner part at the lower stress as indicated by a circle, while the surface at the higher stress is flat. 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.1 1 0.01 Nf����1.43�� � � 107 ǻǻǻǻCCCC=685MPa Crack length llll mm Number of cycles N cycle Fig. 5 Crack growth curves at 500°C.

The high tooling costs involved in conventional IC result in cost justification problems when small numbers of castings are required.
Moreover, because moulds have to be built to make the wax patterns, making the process not economically sound when only a small number of pieces are required.
Building a large number of very small wax patterns, however, leads to more intensive labour and more cost [5].
Each back-up coat was reinforced with coarse grain fused silica stucco sand sized between 22 and 35µm.

In order to obtain a fine grained reactive powder, lanthanum (III) oxide, bayerite (Al(OH)3) and magnesium hydroxycarbonate are used as raw materials.
It can be seen that the thermal conductivities of Ln2Zr2O7 ceramics are lower than those of YSZ and the thermal conductivities decrease with the atomic number of rare earth element increasing.
With the increasing of the atomic number of rare earth element, the atomic radius increases gradually and the probability of the phonon umklapp scattering increases.
Hence the thermal conductivities of Ln2Zr2O7 ceramics decrease with the atomic number increasing from La to Gd with the same pyrochlore structure.

The results are illustrated in Fig. 5 by the relationship between the maximum applied stress and the number of cycles to failure plotted on a double logarithmic scale.
Applied Stress, σmax [MPa] Number of Cycles to Failure, Nf CuED/PI Rolled CuLD/PI Rolled CuTD/PI Infinite Finite shall be derived from comparison between the bending fatigue and the flexural fatigue tests.
Consequently, it is determined that difference of the fatigue between the rolled copper thin foil and the electrodeposited copper thin foil should be interpreted as a function taking into account combined factors such as grain size and arrangement, and the processes.
Fig. 5 Number of cycles to failure as a function of maximum applied stress range.

A C Fig.1 Geometry of the axle housing Fig. 2 Finite element model of the rear axle housing Housing Material.Shells are manufactured by the stamp-welding process from 12 mm thick sheets made from a micro alloyed fine grained, hot formable, normalized structural steel S460N (Material number 1.8901, equivalent to E460 according to ISO standard [3]).
It can predict fatigue life at the product design stage, reduce the number of experimental prototypes, and shorten the development cycle.
FEM analyses also enable to provide an estimation of the number of cycles before fatigue failure initiation.

Agate ball number is unchanged in the grinding ball, only adjust grinding ball ratio, the activated degree of heavy calcium carbonate is the largest when grinding ball ratio is 35:45, reach 99.1%.
When the number of crude agate grinding ball increase, the impact has enhanced on the surface of the grinding medium to heavy calcium carbonate, heavy calcium carbonate powder surface have been activated, the response of the coupling agent heavy calcium carbonate have accelerated, so the activated degree is the biggest.
Continue to increase the number of coarse agate grinding ball, the modification effect first falling and then rising, it may be due to two factors: collisions between agate grinding ball and medium, contact area of heavy calcium carbonate surface.
Fig. 6 Size distribution of modified heavy calcium carbonate Figure 6 show that the grain size of heavy calcium carbonate is reduced from 74μm (200 meshes) to 4.56μm after grinding modification, and the D90 is 9.72μm, less than 10μm, the size distribution have achieved the requirement of ultra-fine particle as function filler.

In the repeated role of many grains, the wear debris come into being and eventually peel off, abrasive wear occurs.
Rack and pinion reciprocating action frequently, fatigue crack gradually extended with the increase of the number of cycles, and the tooth fracture along the tooth root or tooth width end at last. 2) Partial load break.
The range of teeth number can be reduced is limited, if increase modulus while not reduce the number of teeth, the gear size will be large, the excavator overall structure will increases, the weight increase too.

Besides, the Ba2+ ions can substitute Ca2+ in belite to form substitution solid solution [7], increase coordination number and Ca-O spacing leading to improvement of hydration activity of clinker.
Ratios of raw material and burning temperature Number Ratios of raw material /10-2 Calcinations temperature /˚C Coal gangue Limestone Gypsum Fluorite Barite B3 28.20 65.43 4.77 0.79 0.80 1330 B5 27.68 66.07 4.67 0.79 0.80 1350 B6 27.68 66.07 4.67 0.79 0.80 1330 B9 27.84 65.83 4.54 0.79 1.00 1330 B10 27.83 65.74 4.13 0.79 1.50 1330 Prior to analyses, hydration of samples was stopped by plunging the samples 30 min in isopropanol and rinsing twice with diethyl-ether.
Prior to XRD, cement was ground to a grain size ≤63μm for the analysis.
Unconfined compressive strength of cement pastes Number Unconfined compressive strength /MPa 3d 7d B3 45.6 48.9 B5 36.6 42.7 B6 40.3 44.3 B9 40.9 47.6 B10 39.4 40.0 Clinker analyses.