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Online since: March 2015
Authors: Ben Sheng Huang, Jie Lu
If the fracture takes place at the maximum stress point or there are distinct defects at the fracture or there exerted abnormal data during the experiment, the test result should be regarded as invalid and we should restart the experiment.
Depending on the data, from the test points 9 to 1, the more close to the lumen surface of the fluid cylinder hardness decrease more after a period time of working.
Relating to the working environment, the reason for the reduction of hardness may be the corrosion of the fracturing fluid and the high stress cycle in the lumen face of the fluid cylinder.
Table 2 Tensile test date Material Test Number Elongation [%] Reduction [%] Yield strength [MPa] Ultimate tension [KN] Tensile strength [MPa] E4330 1# 17.2 56.8 984.4 132.9 1065.4 2# 15.8 57.9 965.2 126.9 1043.2 3# 15.8 57.8 978.9 131.9 1063.9 Average 16.3 57.5 976.2 130.6 1057.5 The stress levels distribution was preliminary designed as table 3.
Depending on the data, from the test points 9 to 1, the more close to the lumen surface of the fluid cylinder hardness decrease more after a period time of working.
Relating to the working environment, the reason for the reduction of hardness may be the corrosion of the fracturing fluid and the high stress cycle in the lumen face of the fluid cylinder.
Table 2 Tensile test date Material Test Number Elongation [%] Reduction [%] Yield strength [MPa] Ultimate tension [KN] Tensile strength [MPa] E4330 1# 17.2 56.8 984.4 132.9 1065.4 2# 15.8 57.9 965.2 126.9 1043.2 3# 15.8 57.8 978.9 131.9 1063.9 Average 16.3 57.5 976.2 130.6 1057.5 The stress levels distribution was preliminary designed as table 3.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Hai Jie Zhang, Tao Han, Jian Guo Wang, Long Chen
A reduction in emissions of greenhouse gas plays an important role in fighting global warming, reducing the occurrence of extreme climate and improving land desertification.
Accelerating rhythm of exploration and exploitation of unconventional gas including tight sand gas is an inevitable choice for China to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of natural gas, which is also of great significance in the adjustment and optimization of energy structure in China and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Data of tight sand gas reserve is more reliable, while data of shale gas reserve is highly speculative; 2.
Accelerating rhythm of exploration and exploitation of unconventional gas including tight sand gas is an inevitable choice for China to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of natural gas, which is also of great significance in the adjustment and optimization of energy structure in China and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Data of tight sand gas reserve is more reliable, while data of shale gas reserve is highly speculative; 2.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: S. Ganesh Kumar, S. Karthikeyan, M. Saravanan
Production flow analysis system are traditionally design oriented or shape based therefore ideal for component variety reduction by material wastages for the cellular manufacturing [7].
The cellular manufacturing [CM] have been reported in the literature as reduction in setup time and work in process, material handing process used for the mass production and flexible of job shop manufacturing [24].
The data set related to the machine–part and machine–worker incidence matrices are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
The table shows the size of the test problem, the data are associated with each test problem is taken by the literature Iraj Mahdavi [1].
The cellular manufacturing [CM] have been reported in the literature as reduction in setup time and work in process, material handing process used for the mass production and flexible of job shop manufacturing [24].
The data set related to the machine–part and machine–worker incidence matrices are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
The table shows the size of the test problem, the data are associated with each test problem is taken by the literature Iraj Mahdavi [1].
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yuri Sukhanov, Yuri Gerasimov, Alexander Seliverstov
The key input data for the program calculating economic viability are the results of the simulation of forest machine operations when collecting and processing logging residues.
In addition, the user must enter the data necessary to calculate the fixed and variable costs of the machine, set prices for the products in the forest industry, and give costs for cleaning the harvesting site.
The income includes the sales of merchantable roundwood, round energy wood, and forest chips and the reduction in costs for site cleaning after harvesting operation.The alternative 2 examines the use of a bundler for collecting logging residues.
The income consists of the sales of merchantable roundwood, round energy wood, and forest chips and the reduction in costs for site cleaning after harvesting operation.
In addition, the user must enter the data necessary to calculate the fixed and variable costs of the machine, set prices for the products in the forest industry, and give costs for cleaning the harvesting site.
The income includes the sales of merchantable roundwood, round energy wood, and forest chips and the reduction in costs for site cleaning after harvesting operation.The alternative 2 examines the use of a bundler for collecting logging residues.
The income consists of the sales of merchantable roundwood, round energy wood, and forest chips and the reduction in costs for site cleaning after harvesting operation.
Online since: September 2022
Authors: Rex J. Bayer Jr., Christian Laurence E. Aquino, Mary Donnabelle L. Balela
Synthetic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), are very difficult to remove in effluents since they remain stable against common oxidation and reduction processes [7].
The experimental data were then fitted to the pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models expressed linearly as follows: ln (qe-qt)=ln qe-k1t (1) tqt=1k2qe2+tqe (2) where qt is the amount of adsorbate adsorbed at time t (mg⋅g-1), qe is the equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg⋅g-1), and k1 and k2 are the PFO and PSO rate constants, respectively.
It was revealed that the experimental data quite accurately fitted the PSO model with an R2 of 0.9999.
Karakişla, Simultaneous Deposition of Poly(o-Anisidine) and Noble Ag Particles on Wool Fabric and The Evaluation of Its Performance as Catalyst in Dye Reduction, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 6(2), (2019) 225–236
The experimental data were then fitted to the pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models expressed linearly as follows: ln (qe-qt)=ln qe-k1t (1) tqt=1k2qe2+tqe (2) where qt is the amount of adsorbate adsorbed at time t (mg⋅g-1), qe is the equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg⋅g-1), and k1 and k2 are the PFO and PSO rate constants, respectively.
It was revealed that the experimental data quite accurately fitted the PSO model with an R2 of 0.9999.
Karakişla, Simultaneous Deposition of Poly(o-Anisidine) and Noble Ag Particles on Wool Fabric and The Evaluation of Its Performance as Catalyst in Dye Reduction, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 6(2), (2019) 225–236
Online since: February 2008
Authors: Marco Schikorra, A. Erman Tekkaya, Lorenzo Donati, Luca Tomesani
The results (in particular the profile lengths) were found to be very sensitive to temperature data
in the die system and for this reason table 1 reports all the measured temperatures in close detail.
Temperature data and results for the extrusion benchmark (oven temperature: 480°C, billet surface temperature 460°C once in the container) Exp.
Back to the benchmark experiment, the typical load-stroke curve is shown in figure 5, with a maximum at the beginning of the process and subsequent decreasing load caused by the reduction in billet length.
- At low speeds, the thicker profiles flow faster then the thinner ones; the conical pocket resulted in approximately 10% speed reduction with respect to the stepped one.
Temperature data and results for the extrusion benchmark (oven temperature: 480°C, billet surface temperature 460°C once in the container) Exp.
Back to the benchmark experiment, the typical load-stroke curve is shown in figure 5, with a maximum at the beginning of the process and subsequent decreasing load caused by the reduction in billet length.
- At low speeds, the thicker profiles flow faster then the thinner ones; the conical pocket resulted in approximately 10% speed reduction with respect to the stepped one.
Online since: October 2018
Authors: Azamat L. Slonov, Azamat A. Zhansitov, Azamat A. Khashirov, Ismel V. Musov, Elena V. Rzhevskaya, S.Yu. Khashirova
However, the totality of the experimental data obtained by now in the world shows that no polymer product with characteristics comparable to the products obtained by casting has been obtained by 3D printing.
Reduction of R/R to -0,025 leads to a significant increase in impact resistance without a cut, due to the formation of a denser structure without gaps.
In the case of samples with orientation of the filaments at an angle of 0°, a reduction in the air gap between rasters to -0.025 mm, leads to the fact that the samples cease to break down when a shock load is applied without an incision, and plastic flow is manifested.
Conclusions Thus, the set of data obtained in this work indicates that the mechanical properties of the printed products from polyphenylene sulfone are significantly affected by the parameters of 3D printing.
Reduction of R/R to -0,025 leads to a significant increase in impact resistance without a cut, due to the formation of a denser structure without gaps.
In the case of samples with orientation of the filaments at an angle of 0°, a reduction in the air gap between rasters to -0.025 mm, leads to the fact that the samples cease to break down when a shock load is applied without an incision, and plastic flow is manifested.
Conclusions Thus, the set of data obtained in this work indicates that the mechanical properties of the printed products from polyphenylene sulfone are significantly affected by the parameters of 3D printing.
Online since: December 2015
Authors: J.L. Tian, Hua Yu Zhang, Gui Gen Wang
The residual stress σ in the plane of ZnO thin films can be measured using the following equation [17]:
σ= 2C13-C11+C12C33/C13C0-C/C0 (2)
where C is the lattice constant of ZnO thin films calculated from XRD data, C0 is the strain free lattice parameter bulk ZnO (0.5206 nm), and Cij is the elastic stiffness constants of ZnO, namely, C11 = 208.8 GPa, C12 = 119.7 GPa, C13 = 104.2 GPa, C33 = 213.8 GPa.
However, ZnO is easy to be decomposed into Zn and O2 at high temperature, which leads to the reduction of the grain size and the quality of crystal.
Apparently, the UV emission of the spectrum at around 380 nm is due to the radiative rembinations of free excitions from the conduction to the valance band edge, which means that a reduction of Zn interstitials in ALD-ZnO films after annealing.
Hastings, Rietveld refinement of debye-scherrer synchrotron X-ray data from Al2O3, J.
However, ZnO is easy to be decomposed into Zn and O2 at high temperature, which leads to the reduction of the grain size and the quality of crystal.
Apparently, the UV emission of the spectrum at around 380 nm is due to the radiative rembinations of free excitions from the conduction to the valance band edge, which means that a reduction of Zn interstitials in ALD-ZnO films after annealing.
Hastings, Rietveld refinement of debye-scherrer synchrotron X-ray data from Al2O3, J.
Online since: September 2004
Authors: Naoyuki Goto, Hiroshi Yamawaki, Kenichi Tonokura, Kunihiko Wakabayashi, Masatake Yoshida, Mitsuo Koshi
A key role belongs to lattice defects,
in particular edge dislocations, which promote dramatic changes in the electronic structure,
primarily a reduction of the optical gap due to the splitting off of local electronic states from both
valence and conduction bands.
α-RDX is also known to undergo a phase transition into high-pressure phase γ-RDX at approximately 4.0 GPa at room temperature with a 1.6 % reduction in volume [8,9].
At the pressures lower then 50 GPa, the data were obtained with KBr.
On the other hand, the data at 65.5 GPa was obtained without KBr.
α-RDX is also known to undergo a phase transition into high-pressure phase γ-RDX at approximately 4.0 GPa at room temperature with a 1.6 % reduction in volume [8,9].
At the pressures lower then 50 GPa, the data were obtained with KBr.
On the other hand, the data at 65.5 GPa was obtained without KBr.
Online since: July 2018
Authors: S.A. Solodsky, Dmitry А. Chinakhov, P.V. Rodionov, V. Sydorets
As a result, reduction of the droplet weight without changing other parameters will change the ratio of forces and the probability of the droplet transferring to the weld pool.
From the presented frame, we determine that for these conditions R ≈ 1.7r, and thus substituting the known data into formula (14) we obtain m = 0.0315g.
On the basis of these data, a nomogram (Figure 4) was constructed which shows the changes in the weight of an electrode metal droplet when the current is varied from 180A to 360A.
In this case, there is a reduction in the weight of the drop which can transfer into the weld pool.
From the presented frame, we determine that for these conditions R ≈ 1.7r, and thus substituting the known data into formula (14) we obtain m = 0.0315g.
On the basis of these data, a nomogram (Figure 4) was constructed which shows the changes in the weight of an electrode metal droplet when the current is varied from 180A to 360A.
In this case, there is a reduction in the weight of the drop which can transfer into the weld pool.