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Online since: October 2013
Authors: Ling Yan Wu, Yong Qin Sun, Jin Yao Ji
Then, select the attribute of maximum importance into reduction attribute set, until reduction set and all the attribute dependence of original information table are consistent.
Combine the same row and get reduction table with reduction set.
Detailed solution process is said: (1)Initialize the reduction set is empty; (2)Calculate all the importance of condition attribute which is not in reduction set, and rank; (3)Select condition attribute of maximum importance into reduction attribute set, then judge dependence of reduction set at this time.
Given all training data is fitted without errors by linear function in precision ω, and considering allowable fitting error, introduce slack variables ζi≥0 and ≥0, then said: (6) Then, the optimization target is said: (7) Where, Ω>0, is punishment degree of going beyond error ω sample.
Aiming at possible uncertainty of information in air combat, RS theory is introduced, reduction of knowledge is used to predigest index of TA.
Combine the same row and get reduction table with reduction set.
Detailed solution process is said: (1)Initialize the reduction set is empty; (2)Calculate all the importance of condition attribute which is not in reduction set, and rank; (3)Select condition attribute of maximum importance into reduction attribute set, then judge dependence of reduction set at this time.
Given all training data is fitted without errors by linear function in precision ω, and considering allowable fitting error, introduce slack variables ζi≥0 and ≥0, then said: (6) Then, the optimization target is said: (7) Where, Ω>0, is punishment degree of going beyond error ω sample.
Aiming at possible uncertainty of information in air combat, RS theory is introduced, reduction of knowledge is used to predigest index of TA.
Online since: June 2007
Authors: Yong Shin Lee, Won Jong Nam, Kyung Tae Park, Ui Gu Gang
The activation energy for recovery and recrystallization was calculated using DSC data.
This resulted in the reduction of the subgrain aspect ratio.
The activation energies for recovery and recrystallization can be determined with the data from the DSC measurements.
Since the DSC peak position depends on the heating rate [6], the measured data of the peak positions for the different heating rates of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32℃/min were used.
The analysis results in a very good linear relationship for the measured data.
This resulted in the reduction of the subgrain aspect ratio.
The activation energies for recovery and recrystallization can be determined with the data from the DSC measurements.
Since the DSC peak position depends on the heating rate [6], the measured data of the peak positions for the different heating rates of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32℃/min were used.
The analysis results in a very good linear relationship for the measured data.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Hai Xia Li, Ping Chuan Zhang, Hai Long Yu
The main problem of inversion methods is the long calculating time consuming and large memory occupying when the quantities of inverse data are large.
So reduction to the pole of magnetic anomalies was done, the contour of magnetic anomalies by reduction to the pole processing is shown in Fig2.
Fig.2 The magnetic anomaly △T contour of iron mine area after reduction to the pole We carried out the 3D apparent magnetic susceptibility inversion of magnetic anomaly data after reduction to the pole.
Only 3D graph of the apparent magnetic susceptibility is provided which constructed by the inversion apparent magnetic susceptibility data of 15 layers, shown in Fig3.
A least-squares minimization approach to invert gravity data, Geophysics, Vol.56(1991), p. 115 [3] H.L.
So reduction to the pole of magnetic anomalies was done, the contour of magnetic anomalies by reduction to the pole processing is shown in Fig2.
Fig.2 The magnetic anomaly △T contour of iron mine area after reduction to the pole We carried out the 3D apparent magnetic susceptibility inversion of magnetic anomaly data after reduction to the pole.
Only 3D graph of the apparent magnetic susceptibility is provided which constructed by the inversion apparent magnetic susceptibility data of 15 layers, shown in Fig3.
A least-squares minimization approach to invert gravity data, Geophysics, Vol.56(1991), p. 115 [3] H.L.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Jie Wu, Xiao Wei Peng, Qi Sheng Xu, Yue Xi Yu, Zhi Bin Xu, Xiao Qian Ma
Due to the power supply coal consumption saving, the annual amount of pollutants reduction of CO2, SO2, NO2 and dust are 4440.867, 16.462, 45.514 and 220.829t, respectively.
Case study Based on the steam-driven induced draft fan modification in 2×1036 MW ultra supercritical unit, substituting the relevant data into Eq.1~6 to obtain the standard coal consumption difference to generate electricity in order to calculate the economic benefit of the steam-driven induced draft fan project.
Effects of energy saving and emission reduction The auxiliary power rate of 100% THA is 4.22%, and the auxiliary power rate of 75%THA and 50%THA are estimated as 4.43% and 4.64%.
Tab.6 shows the amount of pollutants reduction.
Tab.6 The amount of pollutants reduction item unit CO2 SO2 NO2 dust per unit emission reduction g/kW·h 0.815500 0.003023 0.00836 0.040552 annual total emission reduction t 4440.867 16.462 45.514 220.829 Conclusion This paper discussed the economic and environmental benefit of the steam-driven induced draft fan, in order to verify that it has both economic and environmental advantages.
Case study Based on the steam-driven induced draft fan modification in 2×1036 MW ultra supercritical unit, substituting the relevant data into Eq.1~6 to obtain the standard coal consumption difference to generate electricity in order to calculate the economic benefit of the steam-driven induced draft fan project.
Effects of energy saving and emission reduction The auxiliary power rate of 100% THA is 4.22%, and the auxiliary power rate of 75%THA and 50%THA are estimated as 4.43% and 4.64%.
Tab.6 shows the amount of pollutants reduction.
Tab.6 The amount of pollutants reduction item unit CO2 SO2 NO2 dust per unit emission reduction g/kW·h 0.815500 0.003023 0.00836 0.040552 annual total emission reduction t 4440.867 16.462 45.514 220.829 Conclusion This paper discussed the economic and environmental benefit of the steam-driven induced draft fan, in order to verify that it has both economic and environmental advantages.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Shu Chun Zhao, Yan Yan Zhang, Chun Jie Yu, Chun Fang Wang, Yue Zhang
Shijiazhuang 050035, China
1*yuezhang@hebust.edu.cn, 2hanmengbingxue@163.com, 3kediit@126.com, 1wangcf1960@hebust.edu.cn, 1zhaoshuchunsun@163.com
Keywords: synthesis, resveratrol, reduction
Abstract.
The significant progress is embodied in improvement for reduction or oxidation process and mild reaction conditions with fewer environmental pollution, and especially the high quality product (≥ 99.0%, HPLC) with favourable yield (beyond 64%) were obtained.
Although the route had many progresses for being free from awkward reagents such as LiAlH4 and BBr3, it still had some drawbacks, especially during scale-up trials: (i) In situ borane reduction needs low temperature, high molar ratio of reducing agent and difficult positive pressure operation had to be confornted with.
In reduction step, ester group of 3 was reduced directly by using NaBH4 combined with additives such as methanol or AlCl3 to replace the dangerous LiAlH4.
The data of 1H NMR was in correspondence with literature [15].
The significant progress is embodied in improvement for reduction or oxidation process and mild reaction conditions with fewer environmental pollution, and especially the high quality product (≥ 99.0%, HPLC) with favourable yield (beyond 64%) were obtained.
Although the route had many progresses for being free from awkward reagents such as LiAlH4 and BBr3, it still had some drawbacks, especially during scale-up trials: (i) In situ borane reduction needs low temperature, high molar ratio of reducing agent and difficult positive pressure operation had to be confornted with.
In reduction step, ester group of 3 was reduced directly by using NaBH4 combined with additives such as methanol or AlCl3 to replace the dangerous LiAlH4.
The data of 1H NMR was in correspondence with literature [15].
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Antoniomaria di Ilio, Francesco Lambiase
., initial wire dimensions, height reduction and lubrication conditions.
The plastic regime also involved material strain hardening, as described by eq. 1 in which the values of σy0 (static yield stress), the strength coefficient K and the hardening exponent n were opportunely calculated by fitting the experimental data obtained by tensile tests conducted on the samples before drawing.
Factors and respective levels utilized in the simulation campaign Initial Wire diameter (mm) Height Reduction (%) Working Rolls Diameter (mm) 5.3 10 40 4.6 20 80 30 120 40 160 50 Results Experimental data were analyzed by means of statistical techniques such as analysis of mean (ANOM) and of variance (ANOVA) to assess the influence of each factor on the experimental response, namely final width of wire.
The points in the plot are the means of the response variable at the various levels of each factor, with a reference line drawn at the grand mean of the response data.
Initial diameter, Lubrication and Height reduction.
The plastic regime also involved material strain hardening, as described by eq. 1 in which the values of σy0 (static yield stress), the strength coefficient K and the hardening exponent n were opportunely calculated by fitting the experimental data obtained by tensile tests conducted on the samples before drawing.
Factors and respective levels utilized in the simulation campaign Initial Wire diameter (mm) Height Reduction (%) Working Rolls Diameter (mm) 5.3 10 40 4.6 20 80 30 120 40 160 50 Results Experimental data were analyzed by means of statistical techniques such as analysis of mean (ANOM) and of variance (ANOVA) to assess the influence of each factor on the experimental response, namely final width of wire.
The points in the plot are the means of the response variable at the various levels of each factor, with a reference line drawn at the grand mean of the response data.
Initial diameter, Lubrication and Height reduction.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Qing Cheng Xu, Jian Zhong Hu
Manifold learning is able to recover low-dimensional manifold structure from the high-dimensional sampling data in order to achieve dimensionality reduction or data visualization.
Incremental LLE LLE lacks generalization to new data.
Suppose thereis given already processed data,corresponding projected points, and a new point, which is sampled from the same data manifold as X.
First extract 70% fault data from each fault category as the original sample and the remaining 30% of the fault data are as additional test samples.
Laplacianeigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation [J].
Incremental LLE LLE lacks generalization to new data.
Suppose thereis given already processed data,corresponding projected points, and a new point, which is sampled from the same data manifold as X.
First extract 70% fault data from each fault category as the original sample and the remaining 30% of the fault data are as additional test samples.
Laplacianeigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation [J].
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Guo Li Liang, Shao Qiang Yuan
At about 420˚C, the temper brittleness occurred and obvious properties change happened of the samples, such as impact value, reduction area and elongation percent.
To attain the optimal mechanical properties and avoid accidental failure in use, it is necessary to make effort on its temper temperature in order to fully exert its potential capability, which could offer experimental data for the manufacturing production.
Fig.5 Effect of temper temperature on the hardness of samples ˚C ˚C Fig.3 Effect of different temper temperature on the tensile strength, yield strength and impact toughness Ak ˚C Fig.4 Effect of temper temperature on the reduction area and elongation percent of samples The effect of temper temperature on the reduction area and elongation percent of samples is showed in figure 4.
While compared with the close data around 420 ˚C, the reduction area percent as about 4% and the elongation percent as 11% declined, but at the same time the change of the reduction area percent becomes larger.
Considering the result showed in figure 3, it is corresponding to the indicators of impact toughness, which can be described that with toughness declined, the reduction area and elongation percent will drop.
To attain the optimal mechanical properties and avoid accidental failure in use, it is necessary to make effort on its temper temperature in order to fully exert its potential capability, which could offer experimental data for the manufacturing production.
Fig.5 Effect of temper temperature on the hardness of samples ˚C ˚C Fig.3 Effect of different temper temperature on the tensile strength, yield strength and impact toughness Ak ˚C Fig.4 Effect of temper temperature on the reduction area and elongation percent of samples The effect of temper temperature on the reduction area and elongation percent of samples is showed in figure 4.
While compared with the close data around 420 ˚C, the reduction area percent as about 4% and the elongation percent as 11% declined, but at the same time the change of the reduction area percent becomes larger.
Considering the result showed in figure 3, it is corresponding to the indicators of impact toughness, which can be described that with toughness declined, the reduction area and elongation percent will drop.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: M.F. Gafarov, E.A. Gafarova, A.V. Senin
Completeness of chemical reactions was taken into account in calculations based on thermodynamic analysis and technological data.
The calculation results correspond to the technological data.
The literature data on the enthalpy of the ferromanganese smelting products are not numerous and differ significantly from each other.
The window for entering the initial parameters The program includes data of technological parameters.
In addition, there is the possibility of changing the initial data for the release of another grade.
The calculation results correspond to the technological data.
The literature data on the enthalpy of the ferromanganese smelting products are not numerous and differ significantly from each other.
The window for entering the initial parameters The program includes data of technological parameters.
In addition, there is the possibility of changing the initial data for the release of another grade.
Online since: October 2008
Authors: H.J. McQueen, Emanuela Cerri, Paola Leo
Confidence in published analyses
is enhanced by existence of many data for the same or similar alloys.
Some data were determined by the authors' but more came from published reports; in some cases they have been re-calculated in a common manner.
Before 1992, the data base for Mg alloys [25,26] was extremely limited compared to that for Al alloys [10].
Correllation utilizing the Mukherjee-Dorn relationship (Eq. 1) of data from: a) torsion: AZ31.Mc and AZ31Mn (Fig. 2,3) [13,14], tension [43-45]; compression [37,39,46] and b) compression, torsion and creep for AZ91 [9,21].
Data from 4 extrusion trials [66], confirms the right line indicating the limit for surface cracking that is tied to incipient melting.
Some data were determined by the authors' but more came from published reports; in some cases they have been re-calculated in a common manner.
Before 1992, the data base for Mg alloys [25,26] was extremely limited compared to that for Al alloys [10].
Correllation utilizing the Mukherjee-Dorn relationship (Eq. 1) of data from: a) torsion: AZ31.Mc and AZ31Mn (Fig. 2,3) [13,14], tension [43-45]; compression [37,39,46] and b) compression, torsion and creep for AZ91 [9,21].
Data from 4 extrusion trials [66], confirms the right line indicating the limit for surface cracking that is tied to incipient melting.