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In addition, they may have inferior resonant characteristics due to a large number of defects in these SiC films such as stacking faults and dislocations or grain boundaries.

The results of sieve analysis showed grain size distribution of -150 + 200, -200 + 325 and -325 + 400 mesh fraction of 34.86%, 30.03%, 26.21%, and 3.9% respectively.
The results of FTIR analysis also detect a number of organic compound functional groups, which are hydrophobic or hydrophilic on the surface of maceral groups that make up lignite.

B-phase grain morphology Freely growing B-phase crystals contained in a glass-ceramic microstructure have a lenticular shape, see Fig. 1.
Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the provision of financial support for this work from the European Commission under the TMR Research Networks scheme, grant number: FMRX - CT96 - 0038 (DG 12 - ORGS).

The optimized growth conditions strongly depend on the individual reactor and a number of further growth parameters.
Minority carriers in the space charge region of a Schottky diode can only play a dominating role in a so-called "high barrier Schottky contact" [6], which is composed of the local band bending caused by an electrically active extended defect (e. g. grain boundary, dislocation, etc.) and the metal/semiconductor space charge region [6, 7].

The glasses, crushed and ground to powder (grain size <45µm), were put into a Pt crucible and then heated at 10˚C/min from room temperature to 1200˚C, with an empty Pt crucible as reference material.
Fig. 6 SEM micrograph of FA number of nuclei increases with nucleation time.

Table 2 Composition [at%] Marked point Mg Al 1 63.22 36.78 2 81.72 18.28 3 85.52 14.48 4 85.36 14.64 EPMA analysis results of zones marked Fig. 5 Interface micrograph of coating by number in Fig. 5 and substrate after diffused Test Results of Gradient Coating Properties.
The 13~15wt%TiO2 in ceramic coating helps reduce the porosity of the coating and increase compactness, malleability, and binding strength between grains, thus to avoid easy brittle peeling during wear process of the coating.

The bright areas indicate the presence of ZrO2 grains.
Acknowledgement We are grateful to Anadolu University Research Fund for financial support thorough the research project number: 990223.

.%) Sample number Powder (wt.%) Hollow balls (wt.%) Boric acid(wt.%) L0 98.5 0 1.5 L1 88.5 10 1.5 L2 78.5 20 1.5 L3 68.5 30 1.5 The density and the porosity of the CSZC samples were measured by using Archimedes method.
It is observed that the there are less pores existing among the zirconia grains with pore size of less than 10 µm in the sample without hollow balls , which is in agreement with the Fig. 1 results.

(1) (2) (3) Where, is New lines set, is Unit length line cost,is Decision variables,is the length of line i; is maximum load loss hours, is branch number, is the unit price, is the resistance of line I, is power flow of line i in Normal operation mode, is voltage of line i in Normal operation mode, and are power network congestion cost in a trading hours in winter and Summer.
Application of Scatter Grain Cross in Multi-phase Transmission Planning.

The film thickness can be controlled by variation in the number of printed layers.
Moreover, it was revealed that nano-sized grains exist on the sensing film to enhance gas sensitivity due to the increase of the surface area by inclusion of nanostructures.