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This study places great emphasis on the relationship between the TGO chemical composition and the TGO growth rate and the mechanical property of thermal barrier coatings upon isothermal oxidation.
Additionally, the failure of TBCs can be dependent on the factors such as the lower TGO growth rate with low spinel content, the TGO thickness growth, the thermally residual stress and the crack formation and propagation [5, 6]．The modification of the surface of the bond coat and controlling the TGO composition and its growth rate via vacuum heat treatment can be regarded as the effective routes to reduce the TGO growth rate and spinel content probably because of the change of the elemental diffusion mechanisms [7, 8].
The life prediction for TBCs may be possible if the local stress in the TGO generally affected by the factors of composition and microstructure of topcoat and bond coat, creep and yielding property of bond coat as well as morphologies of TGO can be measured precisely and systematically.

Meanwhile, the simulation result is verified. 1 Simulation and analysis of fatigue life of the sheet-metal type hydraulic torque converter Fatigue failure is regarded as one of main causes of engineering structure failure and mechanical failure.
In the process of actual numerical simulation, greater convergence achievements are made by repeatedly adjusting the relaxing factor variables. 1.2 Settings of housing material attribute Both turbine and impeller are made from #10 steels.
Table 1 Physical Properties of Housing Material 248 392 202200 0.28 The finite element model of both impeller and turbine is acquired after grid division, loading, material defining and attribute adding. 1.3 Setting fatigue life parameters MSC.Patran is applied to analyze and process the finite element model of both impeller and turbine and then generate the input file of MSC.Nastran.
According to the literature, most scholars conducting the relevant tests converter that the torque converter at work, similar to the oil pressure to bear a sinusoidal load, thus making of the load settings that affect the force of the main converter Hydraulic factors change over time into a sinusoidal set unit load versus time curve. 1.5 Computation and analysis of the housing fatigue life After the material S-N curve and the relation of load variation along time are confirmed, the housing stress-strain results shall be given to MSC.Fatigue.

Color Image Enhancement Methods based on Matlab Xiaomin Xiea, Changming Wangb, Aijun Zhangc School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China ayu_jian_wo@126.com, bwangchangming@mail.njust.edu.cn, czaj23@163.com Keyword: Color image, Histogram equalization, HSI, MSRCR, Matlab Abstract: The aim of the paper is to provide three enhancement methods for processing color images, including: RGB Histogram equalization, the method based on HSI and Multi-scale Retinex with color restoration (MSRCR).
The main two points of the Retinex theory are as follows[9,10]: ① It is the reflection ability to long wave, short wave and medium wave, not the absolute value of the reverberation intensity, which is responsible for the color of the object; ② The color of the would not be affected by the nonuniform illumination, having uniformity.
HSI model is based upon human visual system, which directly takes advantage of the three factors of color-hue, saturation (the two are collectively referred to as chromaticity) and intensity to describe color.
The essence of the Retinex is to pick the object’s reflection properties, namely, put aside the nature of the incident light to obtain object original appearance.
is the surround function，which usually chooses Gaussian function：, K is a normalization factor which is deduced by the normalization function. stands for the standard deviation, which is responsible for the quality of the image..

Manipulation of microparticles using acoustic standing wave: recent trend Haiyan Yin 1,2,a, Chuncheng Zuo 1,b, Hongchen Wang 3,c, Yanping Meng 2,d 1College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China 2School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China 3Engineering Training Center, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China aemail:haiyan0520@126.com, bemail: zoucc@jlu.edu.cn, cemail: whcwanghongchen@126.com, demail: mengyanping2006@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: acoustic standing wave manipulation microparticles separation Abstract:Ultrasonic standing wave(USW) manipulation of suspension microparticles separation has attracted wide attention due to its non-direct contact, being harmless to the particles, easy to manufacture, low energy consumption and high separation efficiency.
According to the Yosioka [1] the ultrasonic theory, suspended particles in an acoustic wave field are affected by acoustic forces, the forces are balanced with other forces, thereby agglomerating the particles of the same nature to achieve fast and efficient separation.
Theoretical background Ultrasonic separation method uses the physical properties of microparticles[4-7], shuch as size,density or compressibility to achieve particle separation or manipulation.Two different frequencies, the vibration direction propagation in the opposite direction of ultrasonic wave, the formation of standing waves in the communication process generates a plurality of points of zeros vibrational velocity, and this points at a constant speed movement in one direction.The particles in the liquid under the action of acoustic wave is always gathering at the vibration velocity zero, and with a movement of this point, this is one of the mechanisms ultrasonic cohesion.
With further development of the ultrasonic manipulated microparticle separation, Martyn Hill, etc. [19]discussesed the one-dimensional acoustic model of the ceramic piezoelectric transducer manipulation of particle focuing influencing factors.
The node's location and energy density are typically influencing factor, and 1/2 and 1/4 wavelength of the standing wave conditions were studied by simulation and experimental method, quarter wavelength have more advantages.

Dufloud Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 300B, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium ajohan.verbert@gmail.com, b amarkumar.behera@cib.kuleuven.be, cbert.lauwers@mech.kuleuven.be, d joost.duflou@mech.kuleuven.be Keywords: incremental forming, features, regression splines, accuracy, SPIF Abstract.
The magnitude of the translation is dependent on the magnitude of the predicted deviation of each individual vertex, and is a constant factor multiplied with the predicted deviation.
This constant factor can be tuned to improve the accuracy for a family of parts.
The translation was performed with a multiplicative factor of 1.5 times the error for each individual vertex.
Further work on this topic will be focused on identifying the effect of material properties and thickness on the predicted response surface by conducting experiments with other materials such as DC01, brass and titanium alloys.

Nano-material showed a lot of exceptional performance because of the particular structure, using nanotechnology can make materials of high strength, high elasticity, and high affinity of organizations, so as to substitute for bone, cartilage, corneas, blood vessels, and so on. the development of self-plastic biodegradable injectable Nano-composite slurry and bone tissue of bioactive materials made by China Key Laboratory of Ministry of health in Nano-Biotechnology, containing new bone formation and bone growth factors enabling recovery of bone tissue function, can enhance the functionality of reconstituted bone, improve the quality of reconstituted bone and repair of bone defect.
In the process of bone formation, nano-materials as fill material and carrier of bone growth factor plays a role of bridge, with the growth of new bone, bio-materials gradually degradation, when new bone formation, nano-materials will be fully absorbed, this new bone have a same strength and toughness.
There are many reasons can cause the human body reduce blood flow during exercise, and partly affect the body movement skills.
A review on the application of inorganic nano-structured materials in the modification of textiles: Focus on anti-microbial properties.
Nano-bubble flotation technology with coagulation process for the cost-effective treatment of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater.

Detection focuses on mechanical and electrical parameters.
The wavelength of light is from 320 to 680nm with good insulation properties.
We also found that this technology has no adverse effects of factors on crops. 5.2 Less damage to natural enemies The most urgent problem for the technology of Using Light to Trap is the damage to natural enemies.
According to the Chinese Food Native Produce Import and Export Chamber of Commerce report, in 2009 due to the factors of pesticide residues the scented tea export volume is reduced by 16%.
It will seriously affect the insecticidal effect.

Table 2 lists mechanical properties of the cellular composite.
Fig.2: Tensile tests on DOCOL 800 DP (cut view at 5.3 % strain) Table 2: Material properties of the cellular composite (t ≙ tension, c ≙ compression) [2] ρ [g/cm3] E [MPa] ν [-] Rp0,1%,t [MPa] Rp0,1%,c [MPa] Rm,t [MPa] Rm,c [MPa] 0.72 3098 0.31 5.8 9.1 17.1 18.3 Numerical and Experimental Procedure Numerical Procedure.
The overestimation of the ultimate load by the FEM simulations is mainly affected by the manufacturing deviations or imperfections, which are not considered in the FEM model.
Simulations show that varying the material properties of the adhesive and/or of the core by the factor of two as well as modeling each spot weld (Fig. 4) in detail have negligible effects on the simulation results and are therefore not supposed to cause the deviation between experiments and simulations.
Huber, Cellular Composites - Mechanical Properties and Applications in Sandwich Structures, in: M.

precipitation and coarsening kinetics) in these alloys [3-5], the description of mechanical response has been limited to yield strength and creep properties.
This aspect of the mechanical response of Al-Sc alloys has not been clearly described in the literature and deserves a systematic examination.
At higher stress levels a number of relaxation processes, e.g. formation and glide of prismatic dislocation loops [10], become potentially active thereby affecting the average storage rate of dislocations due to the particles.
Conclusions The mechanical response of a model Al-2.8Mg-0.16Sc alloy for different stages of aging were examined by means of tensile tests performed at 77K.
A robust process model to couple the microstructure evolution and the mechanical response of the alloy is being developed to optimize the parameters for such a complex aging treatment.

Effect of PEG on the TiO2 electrode morphology for scattering enhanced properties of the modified paste containing TiO2 sol-gel mixed with Degussa P-25 were investigated.
Among them, the relatively simple sol–gel method is the most widely used because of its low cost and its ability to obtain films with tailored properties on large, curved substrates.
Many attempts were made to study how porosity could affect efficiency [6], Similarly, Shen et al. [7] reported that the electron transport properties and efficiency could be enhanced by using smaller TiO2 particle size with large pore sizes.
In addition to that, the excellent in scattering properties ascribed from appropriate percentage of PEG addition to the sample also contribute to better IPCE of the DSSC.
Azrol from Mechanical Engineering Department, (UiTM) Malaysia for the XRD measurement.