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Influence of weld imperfections on the fatigue behaviour of resistance spot welded advanced high strength steels Michael Rethmeier1, 2 1Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK), Berlin, Germany 2BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany Michael.Rethmeier@bam.de, phone: +49 30 8104-1550 Keywords: Resistance spot welding, gaps, cracks, fatigue life Abstract The use of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) in the automotive body-in-white is increasing.
§ Internal imperfections have no significant influence on the fatigue life References [1] Brauser, s. et al., Deformation behaviour of spot-welded high strength steels for automotive applications, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Volume 527, Issue 26 (2010), pp. 7099-7108 [2] Long, X. and Khanna, S.
H. et al., “An investigation of the effect of the gapvalues between the overlap portions of the spot-welded pieces on fatigue life”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, vol. 222, Number 6, (2008), pp. 881-890 [10] Hahn, O. and Flüggen, F., „Influence of cyclic loading on the mechanical properties of components: Proc DVS-Congress "Spot welding", May 2010, pp. 180-191 [11] Davidson, J.
H., Methods to obtain weld discontinuities in spot-welded joints made of advanced high-strength steels, Welding in the world 55 (2011), No.11/12, pp.99-106 [14] Gaul, H. et al., “Evaluation of fatigue crack propagation in spot welded joints by stiffness measurements”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 33, Issue 5, 2011, pp. 740-745 [15] Ullner, C. et al., “Determination of local stress–strain properties of resistance spot-welded joints of advanced high-strength steels using the instrumented indentation test”, Journal of materials Science, Vol. 47, issue 3 (2012) 1504–1513 [16] Wang, G. and Barkey, M.
E., “Investigating the spot weld fatigue crack growth process using X-ray imaging”, Welding Journal, vol. 85, issue 4 (2006), pp. 84-90 [17] Pan, N. and Sheppard, S.

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Materials and methods Experiments were carried out using medical pure titanium screws.
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Experiment 2.1 Materials.
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For the synthesis of these, we chose the technique of (PM) from the raw materials that were in the form of oxides.
The properties of the materials used are shown in Table 1.
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Numerous experiments have been performed with respect to the moisture sorption isotherms of food and agricultural materials, such as pumpkin[6] and so on.
Materials and methods Materials Salted, semidry largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) was purchased from an aquatic processing factory in Guangdong, China.
To prevent spoilage of the materials at water activities greater than 0.70, a small amount of toluene was added to a weighing bottle in the desiccator [11].
Rockland (1969) highlighted that materials rich in fat and protein show gradually sloping isotherms at a low relative humidity.
Consequently, this phenomenon decreases the water-holding capacity of the materials upon subsequent adsorption.

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The organic materials have a broad band absorption extending from the UV to the visible region.
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