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There are many situations in the use of composites where an impact does not result in perforation of the material but causes damage that may not be visible, yet still causes a substantial reduction in structural properties.
It is desirable to have automated systems for damage monitoring which can identify and classify damage from simply-measured response data.
In order to build machine learning classifiers for such systems, one needs to acquire training data which associates measured data with given damage types and extents.
The objective is not to make any new observations on the nature of composite damage here, however to systematically build training data for machine learning analysis; in this respect, the SEM methods appear to have delivered a corpus of high-quality results which can form a valuable basis for further research [14].

The calculated data were compared with experimental results.
We have chosen the solid solution Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 (BTS) since its piezoelectric coefficients reach at least 30 - 40 % of the PZT data.
Furthermore, a non-zero electrical conductivity σk was included, which was significant for the description of the experi-mental data.
Fig. 7a shows the comparison between the measured electric fields during the poling of a bimorph sample and the data fitted in the framework of the model described above.
The satisfying coincidence between experimental and fitted data indicates the suitability of the poling model.

Out of circularity, out of cylindricity and diameter reduction were observed after cladding.
The summary of improved results based on the adoption of new sequence using circular beads include, Length reduction of shell = 1 mm, Maximum change to outer diameter = 2.50 mm, Maximum out of circularity in a section = 1.60 mm and Maximum cylindricity error = 2.50 mm.
In one of the typical case, after cladding, a reduction of 4 mm was observed on diameter.
Based on X and Y measurements, profile data at any point is calculated using trignometric principles.
Besides, productivity improvement by eliminating complex machining operations, the modification in connecting piece resulted in reduction of connecting piece weld length by » 50–60 % and thus helped in distortion control.

A good agreement between the experimental and numerical data was found.
In terms of bone impact characteristics, only preliminary data are available in the literature.
Also, a recent study [16] demonstrated adequacy of a Double-Cantilever Beam (DCB) test for determining fracture toughness under pure mode I loading of cortical bone by implementing a new data reduction scheme based on specimen compliance.
When the pendulum is released from the pre-defined angle, an impact with the specimen generates a change in the electrical resistance of the piezoelectric sensor that is captured by the data acquisition system - DAS 8000 - connected to the impactor.
Table 1: Material properties for finite-element model Part Material Young’s modulus (GPa) Poisson’s Ratio Density (kg/m3) Hammer Steel 210 0.3 7850 Anterior longitudinal Bone 23.15 ± 0.72 0.44 ± 0.009 1860 ± 0.9 Fig. 3 Comparison of experimental and FEM results for longitudinal cortical bone for energy level of 0.02 J Results and Discussion The aim of this study was to develop and verify a 3D finite-element model of the Izod test using material data for a specimen cut along the longitudinal direction of cortical bone tissue.

Finally, comparisons are made with experimental data available in the literature, showing good agreement.
The most relevant experimental data refers to Ersoy et al. (1993) [1], Takeuti et al. (2008) [2] and Branco et al. (2008) [3].
After introducing second order effects in longitudinal bars with a proper stress-strain law, the theoretical results were compared with some experimental data.
Experimental-theoretical comparison with existing literature models (data from [2]).
Experimental-analytical comparisons (data of [2]).

The data about the grown samples with Si-Sn films with different Sn concentrations (NSn) and the sample A with amorphous silicon film are presented in Table 1.
According to AFM data (not shown), the film surface in sample C has a root-mean-square roughness (σrms) 0.43 nm and a maximum relief deviation up to 2 nm.
Consider the XRD data for the structure and phase composition of two samples with different Sn content in them, for example, samples C and E (Fig. 1).
The absorption coefficient of sample A is about 80-3000 cm-1 in the energy range of 0.2-1.0 eV, which is slightly higher than literature data [11].
However, the film in sample B is mostly amorphous according to XRD data (Fig. 1).

Green remanufacturing management, a sustainable management mode of development strategy, integrated the philosophy of green manufacturing and advanced manufacturing techniques, deeply implementing the reduction of resource consumption and environmental impact.
The character datum of product (including product structure, manufacturing, market, application, recovery disposal) can be provided by information network of reverse logistics.
The related information and techniques of green remanufacturing should be integrated.The realization of green remanufacturing management involves a large amount of production information and data management, such as product name, production time, brand and basic structure of the product, etc.
The effective management to this datum is the key to realize green remanufacturing management.
But the datum is scatting and hard to collect by the traditional techniques.

The results as such tests show the reduction of the mechanical resistance of the pieces evaluated, leading to the need to reassess the conditions of service of the structures considered.
Thus, using data obtained by the tests will be possible to determine the percentage of deterioration of structural components and the indication of restoration suitable for conservation of the structure, while cultural heritage of regional significance.

Subsequently, a geometric model of the sample’s surface was created using CAD software and compared with the scan data through ATOS Professional software.
Consequently, this leads to a reduction in loading frequency and a deterioration in the seal of the barrel-projectile system, ultimately resulting in a decrease in maximum pressure and the initial velocity of the projectile [7,8].
It is generally considered that if a worn barrel causes a reduction in initial velocity by 10% compared to the tabulated velocity (which can be verified by radar) or an eightfold increase in the product of probable deviations longitudinally and laterally Ug x Us, then such a barrel should be retired from further use [9].
This results in a reduction in the volume of the chromium layer.

(1) When input the data, the unknown variable adopt the plural form,as , dereferencing form
YES Output results Start Input the data of finite element model and unknown parameter,(as ),the date with finite element preprocessor adopt the plural result..
Until August 2007, according to the observation data of measuring displacements, landslide kept stable after it adopted the engineering measures.
The calculation use the observational data before August 2007 as calculation principles.
Making C＝24.096kPa，φ＝9.083, after backanalysis the parameterof sliding zone’s shear strength, we can use finite element strength reduction method to calculate the stable safety factor is 1.025.