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Figure 1 Statistical analysis on civil aviation accident reason from 1999 to 2008 2.
There were 33 times for the manipulation error made by the captain accounting for 72% if the total 46 times for the manipulation error by the total aircrew, that was the main reason why the error the pilot manipulated by the captain accounted for 80%; Most flying decision errors were closely related with the unsuccessful monitor/remind, which mainly referred to monitor/remind the incorrect or unreasonable decision for manipulation of co-pilot or flight engineer.
It will be conducive for the evaluation of potential design defect of cockpit, while provide a basis for the pilot training with a certain engineering practical value, and improve the flight safety. 4.
[5] Safety Management Manual [S] International Civil Aviation Organization（ICAO）.2006.3～20
Reliability engineering and systems safety.1998.22.47～55.

Failure Mechanism of Tree-Shape Support Structures under Static and Lateral Loading Muhammad Luqman1,a*, Ashhad Zawar Khan2,b, Muhammad Arif3,c 1,3University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan; 2Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan a18pwciv5026@uetpeshawar.edu.pk; bashhadzawarkhan@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; c18pwciv5179@uetpeshawar.edu.pk *corresponding author Keywords: Failure Volume, Buckling, ABAQUS, Tree-shaped structures, high-fidelity modelling Abstract.
Yan, “An advanced structural morphosis technique - Extended evolutionary structural optimization method and its engineering applications,” Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, vol. 39, no. 10, 2006
Cui, “The sensitivity-based morphogenesis method for framed structures,” Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, vol. 46, no. 7, 2013
Astaneh-Asl, “Design of Seismically Resistant Tree-Branching Steel Frames Using Theory and Design Guides for Eccentrically Braced Frames,” International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, 2014
Peng, “Structural Topology Optimization Method for Morphogenesis of Dendriforms,” Open Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 06, no. 04, 2016, doi: 10.4236/ojce.2016.64045

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bar has high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, light weight, good fatigue resistance, non-magnetic and other unique advantages, so it can replace steel to widely applied in civil engineering, including buildings, bridges, underground engineering, marine engineering, tunnels, etc[4-6].
[4] ZHU Hong，QIAN-yang.Mechanicsperformance of FRP tendons used in engineering structure[J].
Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering，2006，23（3）：26-31
[5] HAO Qing-duo，WAN-Gbo，OU Jinping.Fiber reinforced polymer rebar’s application to civil engineering [J].
[7] NI Zhong, ZHONG Shu-sheng, Experimental study onseismic behaviors of beam shaped transfer frame-supported short-leg shearwall structures〔D〕.Chongqing:Faculty of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, 2006

[4] Elgaaly M: American Society of Civil Engineers, Structural Journal Vol. 58(1997),p.285-299
[5] Johnson R.P, Cafolla J: Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings Vol.122(1997) ,p.148-156
[6] Shui Wan, Shuqin Li: Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Vol.26 (2009) ,p.15-20
[7] Wenqing Wu, Shui Wan: China Civil Engineering Journal Vol.37(2004),p.31-36
[8] Elgaaly M: American Society of Civil Engineers, Structural Journal Vol.20(1997),p.175-183

Present research of concrete structure confined by FRP As a kind of reinforcement material, with light weight, high strength, nonmagnetic, good fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance and other advantages, FRP are more and more used in civil engineering and architecture.
Currently, the main methods for researching FRP in civil engineering area are experimental research and finite element analysis by some software such as ANASYS.
Experimental Reasearch on Shear Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with BFRP Sheets [J].Journal of Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2008,26(3):7～8
Experimental Reasearch on Shear Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with BFRP Sheets [J].Journal of Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2007,37(6):14～18,69
Test Method of Concrete Columns Strengthened by CBFRPS under Eccentrically Loading[J].Journal of Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2008,26(3): 1～4.

Applications and technologies of reusing waste gun propellants Peng Wang 1, a, Xiao-an Wei1, Weidong He1,b and Yanlong Shi2 1 School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China 2Dongsheng Blasting Engineering Corporation Limited, Lanxi 321100, Zhejiang, China awangpeng0541@163.com, bhewedong@mail.njust.edu.cn Keywords: Waste Propellant, Reuse, Conversion, Industrial Explosive Abstract.
Waste gun propellants were not only transformed into some chemical products and civil special energies, but also they were reused as ingredients in different kinds of industrial explosives.
Expired gun propellants can be transformed into chemical products and civil special energies.
Civil Special Energy Waste gun propellants have high energy, so they can easily combust or explode.
Accordingly, waste gun propellants can be transformed to use as civil energy.

CT Real-time Analysis of Meso-damage Propagation Law of asphalt concrete Changfa AI 1,a , Yanjun QIU 1,b , Tao XIE 1,2,c and LAN Bo 3,d 1 College of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China 2 College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550022, China 3 Department of Transportation of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China a aichangfa@sina.com, bpublicqiu@163.com, cxie_tao96@163.com, dsclb2008@163.com Keywords: asphalt concrete, crack propagation behavior, CT, damage value Abstract: Cracking is one of the major distress types of asphalt pavements.
However, cracking process in asphalt mixtures in a three dimensional scale is still a great challenge to road engineers.
The specially designed loading system is the necessary accessory for the CT machine at the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering of China.
The CT test was carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering from Aug.24 to Sept.10, 2006.The asphalt concrete samples were used to study the crack propagation law under uniaxial compression with CT real-in time scanning test .For each sample there were three cross sections from top to bottom.
Dissertation, School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 2006

Though the application of MR damper has been used in automobile industry to a wide extent its application in civil engineering is limited.
This issue needs to be addressed for the effective use of damper in civil engineering applications.
In brief, the sample f (Synthesised Fe3O4) was attracted due to their application in civil engineering, as the particles was found to be in the nano range and this decreases the settling problem.
Procedia Engineering 51 (2013): 45-54
Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture Research 1 (2014): 327-345

Optimizing Mesh Sizes of Thin Shells Using Biomimicry for a Sustainable Solution Pennarasi Gunasekaran1,a, Sindhu Nachiar Siva Subramanian1,b* and Anandh Sekar1,c 1Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu – 603203, India apg9396@srmist.edu.in , b*sindhus@srmist.edu.in ,Canandhs@srmist.edu.in Keywords: Biomimicry; Optimization; Sustainable; Cranium; Thin shells.
This concept is used in various fields of engineering and science.
The concept of biomimicry in civil engineering gave an economic way of creation, improved the effectiveness, and decreased ecological degradation.
[9] Shanta Pragya Dash, Application of Biomimicry in Building Design, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9 (2018) 644–660
[13] Saito, A., and Saito, A, “Material design and structural colour inspired by Material design and structural colour inspired by biomimetic approach”, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 12, (2016) 1-13 10.1088/1468-6996/12/6/064709 [14] Saha, P., “Biomimicry and Its Adaptations to Solve Complex Problems in Civil Engineering Systems”, American Society for Civil Engineers Indian Section, (2014) 942-951

Development of Response Surface Models for Strength and Flow Characteristics of PET Fibre-reinforced Self-compacting Laterized Concrete Containing Fly Ash Moses Adetutu1,a*, Chinwuba Arum2,b, Oluwafemi Omotayo3,c and Stephen Alabi4,d 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Civil and Mining Engineering Department, JEDS Campus, University of Namibia. 3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. 4Department of Civil Engineering, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
[19] BS 1377, “Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes | Building CodeHub
Mohammed, “Optimum characteristics of plastic fibres for sustainable self-compacting concrete SCC,” European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 27 (2023), 2967–2984
Wang, “Fiber-Reinforced Concrete with Application in Civil Engineering,” 2018 [27] Z.
Deifalla, “Performance Evaluation of Fiber-reinforced Ferroconcrete using Response Surface Methodology,” Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 9 (2023) 939–959