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The DC recorded for B2APS single crystal using diffracting planes (Fig. 3) contains a single peak and indicates that the specimen is free from structural grain boundaries.
Plot of Vickers number versus load Fig. 5.
Mechanical studies reveal that Vickers microhardness number increases with applied load.

In addition, studies indicated that yttrium atoms play an important role in blocking the diffusion at the grain boundary where there is usually a quick diffusion path for oxygen [11].
Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this research by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China with the project number 2012ZX04003011 and Natural Science Foundation of China with project number 51275323.

Emergy is energy number transformed from another type energy containing flowing or storage (Odum, 1988[7]).
Ecological capacity supply (EC) shows the sum of ecological productive land area that it can provide the human of the region, which is the total emergy of renewable natural resources of the locality divided by the region emergy density (D): EC= ER/D (4) Renewable natural resources of Jiaxing main includes rice, wheat, barley, corn and other grain, beans, potato, rapeseed, cotton, hemp, sugar, melons vegetables, fruits, edible vegetable oil and silk.
We can have the per capita ecological footprint (ef), the per capita ecological carrying capacity (ec) and the per capita ecological surplus (es) though EF, EC and ES divided by the total number of region population (P), respectively.

processing, while high volume fraction is suitable for one piece polishing. 3.2 The pressure and processing quality Using one inlet and eight outlets for the simulation processing of common-rail pipe, and abrasive volume fraction is 0.4, we select the inlet and outlet pressure of 2and 1, 4and 3, 5and 3, 8and 5, and could obtain dynamic pressure, velocity vector, turbulent kinetic energy contours of machining process as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 and Figure 10 : a）2and 1 b） 4and 3 c）5and 3 d）8and 5 Fig.8 The contours of dynamic pressure a）2and 1 b） 4and 3 c）5and 3 d）8and 5 Fig.9 The contours of velocity vector a）2and 1 b） 4and 3 c）5and 3 d）8and 5 Fig.10 The contours of turbulent kinetic energy It can be seen from Figure 8 and Figure 9 and Figure 10, with the pressure difference between inlet and outlet becoming larger, the dynamic pressure, velocity vector, turbulent kinetic energy of abrasive flow in common-rail pipe is also increasing, and the number
With the pressure difference between inlet and outlet becoming larger, the number of abrasive contact with machining surface will increase, which can help to improve the efficiency of polishing.
Experimental investigation into cutting forces and active grain density during abrasive flow machining[J].

The results show that increasing sintering temperature proportionally increases number of pores in the porous ceramic sample.
This finding is equivalent with the finding by Han et.al [8] in which when the sintering temperature is increased, the particles grow up and turn into large particle grains.
From these results, using yeast as pore-forming agent yields bigger size but less number of pores in porous ceramic compared to using aluminium powder with polymeric spheres mixture.

The chosen pulse current parameters with the smaller grain size and highest current efficiency were as follows: ton: 5ms, toff: 15ms, ip: 40mAcm-2.
(mA/cm2) ×M (g)/ρ (g/cm3) × n)× 3270 where 3270 = 0.01×[1 year (in seconds)/96497.8] and 96497.8=1Faraday in Coulombs, M is the atomic weight of the metal, ρ is the density, n is the charge number which indicates the number of electrons exchanged in the dissolution reaction.

A total number of loading cycles of 10,000 was considered, and the failure state was defined as 5% axial strain.
The permanent strain of fine sand under all the conditions shows the same changing trend with the number of cycles, that is, nearly 80% of the strain has been developed during the initial 2000 cycles.
Cumulative plastic deformation for fine-grained subgrade soils.

Aluminum alloy grain caused by organization change in volume change can also cause the deformation of the weldment is this wooden reasons for welding stress and deformation.
Second, weld number to clear the influence of welding deformation, weld is less, the better for welding deformation, this requires the design as far as possible under the condition of meet the requirements, optimize the weld number, avoid unnecessary weld, so as to control the welding deformation.

The crystal nucleus appeared on the substrate grain surface, when the system reached supersaturation state.
The different producing conditions have a great impact on the number and the morphology of fibers.
With increasing of the aluminum content, the number of fibers in the sample is in increments, and the developed gradually increased.

The cutting tool material used is Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) multi layer coating (TiN/TiCN/AL2O3) of fine grained tungsten carbide 6% cobalt substrate with ISO geometry of CNMG 120404.
Taguchi orthogonal array is used to study the effect of process parameters on performance characteristics with minimum number of experiments [13].
Generally, cutting speed can produce dimensional accuracy errors by number of ways, such as by elastic deformation of the work piece due to cutting force, tool wear, thermal distortion, Built-up edge (BUE) formation and radial spindle error.