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Online since: July 2013
Authors: Chen Jing Lu, Shu Xia Ren, Jian Lei Wang, Gang Yu
The crystal nucleus appeared on the substrate grain surface, when the system reached supersaturation state.
The different producing conditions have a great impact on the number and the morphology of fibers.
With increasing of the aluminum content, the number of fibers in the sample is in increments, and the developed gradually increased.
The different producing conditions have a great impact on the number and the morphology of fibers.
With increasing of the aluminum content, the number of fibers in the sample is in increments, and the developed gradually increased.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Chimmalagi Marulaswami, Thangiah Selvaraj, B. Singaravel
The cutting tool material used is Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) multi layer coating (TiN/TiCN/AL2O3) of fine grained tungsten carbide 6% cobalt substrate with ISO geometry of CNMG 120404.
Taguchi orthogonal array is used to study the effect of process parameters on performance characteristics with minimum number of experiments [13].
Generally, cutting speed can produce dimensional accuracy errors by number of ways, such as by elastic deformation of the work piece due to cutting force, tool wear, thermal distortion, Built-up edge (BUE) formation and radial spindle error.
Taguchi orthogonal array is used to study the effect of process parameters on performance characteristics with minimum number of experiments [13].
Generally, cutting speed can produce dimensional accuracy errors by number of ways, such as by elastic deformation of the work piece due to cutting force, tool wear, thermal distortion, Built-up edge (BUE) formation and radial spindle error.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: Irina Sergeevna Pyshkina, Georgiy Victorovich Martyashin, K.V. Zhegera
The dry mixes are modified fine-grained building material, which includes mineral binders (cement, lime, gypsum, redispersion polymer compositions), fillers with the optimal granulometry and a certain fractional composition, as well as the necessary chemical modifying additives [9-12].
Table 2 – Indicators for calculating the cost of adhesive dry mix Index Index value Number of workers 7 human Number of shifts 2 Duration of shift 8 hour Machine capacity 8000 [t/year] Power capacity 60 [kW/hour] Adhesive, made on the basis of the developed formulation of a adhesive dry mix with the use of an supplement based on amorphous aluminosilicates, is tested in laboratory and production conditions.
Table 2 – Indicators for calculating the cost of adhesive dry mix Index Index value Number of workers 7 human Number of shifts 2 Duration of shift 8 hour Machine capacity 8000 [t/year] Power capacity 60 [kW/hour] Adhesive, made on the basis of the developed formulation of a adhesive dry mix with the use of an supplement based on amorphous aluminosilicates, is tested in laboratory and production conditions.
Online since: August 2023
Authors: Antoine Pacco, Zainul Aabdin, Muhaimin Mareum Khan, Angshuman Ray Chowdhuri, Ivan Erofeev, Frank Holsteyns, Harold Philipsen, Utkur Mirsaidov
Introduction
A major challenge for the continued downscaling of integrated circuits is the substantial increase in copper (Cu) resistivity at wire width under 20 nm [1–3], as this is well below the electron mean free path in Cu (40 nm), which means a higher contribution to resistivity from electron scattering off the metal surface and reflections at grain boundaries.
The variation of the mean nanowire width over multiple oxidation-etching cycles demonstrates a steady recess trend, so the desired overall etching depth can be reliably controlled by the number of cycles.
(B) Nanowire width as a function of the number of oxidation-etching cycles.
The variation of the mean nanowire width over multiple oxidation-etching cycles demonstrates a steady recess trend, so the desired overall etching depth can be reliably controlled by the number of cycles.
(B) Nanowire width as a function of the number of oxidation-etching cycles.
Online since: February 2022
Authors: Michael F. Selemenev, Yuri A. Kuznetsov, Igor N. Kravchenko, Sergey V. Kartsev, Ivan D. Makarov, Denis G. Prokhorov
With the improvement of plasma coating methods, the number of disadvantages decreases.
Despite the fact that plasma methods have been developing for a relatively long time, there are a number of unresolved issues in this area, which, first of all, are associated with a reasonable choice of optimal coating deposition modes.
In addition to the above design parameters, it becomes necessary to take into account additional factors (material and diameter of the cathode, number, width of sections and distance between them, etc.).
); GT is the consumption of the transporting gas; RT - type of transporting gas; Gш - powder (charge) consumption; m - number of charge lines.
The deviations were summed over all 32 experiments and referred to the number of degrees of freedom equal to 16.
Despite the fact that plasma methods have been developing for a relatively long time, there are a number of unresolved issues in this area, which, first of all, are associated with a reasonable choice of optimal coating deposition modes.
In addition to the above design parameters, it becomes necessary to take into account additional factors (material and diameter of the cathode, number, width of sections and distance between them, etc.).
); GT is the consumption of the transporting gas; RT - type of transporting gas; Gш - powder (charge) consumption; m - number of charge lines.
The deviations were summed over all 32 experiments and referred to the number of degrees of freedom equal to 16.
Online since: February 2022
Authors: Vadim Skeeba, Vladimir Ivancivsky, Egor A. Zverev
The efficiency of the integrated technologies is also achieved by reducing the time loss for the operational process execution by eliminating or reducing a large number of intermediate and auxiliary operations.
Based on the proposed methodology, we have developed a software product with a number of important advantages for validating the process equipment specifications.
Further, depending on the functional purpose, the required number of executive movements (EM) and their composition were determined: they can be shaping, installing, dividing, and auxiliary or controlling movements.
At the transition of surface hardening of HEH HFC with high frequency voltage, a microstructure is recorded in the surface layer of the product (Fig. 4), which is martensite and an insignificant amount of small ferrite grains.
Funding The research was funded by RFBR and Novosibirsk region, project number 20-48-540016.
Based on the proposed methodology, we have developed a software product with a number of important advantages for validating the process equipment specifications.
Further, depending on the functional purpose, the required number of executive movements (EM) and their composition were determined: they can be shaping, installing, dividing, and auxiliary or controlling movements.
At the transition of surface hardening of HEH HFC with high frequency voltage, a microstructure is recorded in the surface layer of the product (Fig. 4), which is martensite and an insignificant amount of small ferrite grains.
Funding The research was funded by RFBR and Novosibirsk region, project number 20-48-540016.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Antony T. McTigue, Annette M. Harte
The strands are sliced from small-diameter low-grade logs with the longest dimension aligned parallel to the grain of the log.
The mechanical properties of individual particles were determined experimentally in the parallel and perpendicular to grain directions.
Details of the number of test replications in each material property direction are given in Table 1.
Sample Cutting Plan and Tension Test Piece Details (Dimensions in mm) Material Property Test Piece Number Direction Tension (1) Longitudinal (2) Lateral Compression (3) Longitudinal (4) Lateral Bending (5) Longitudinal (6) Lateral Planar Shear (7) Longitudinal (8) Lateral Panel Shear (9) Longitudinal (10) Lateral Bearing (11) Longitudinal (12) Lateral Table 1.
The goodness of fit between the EDF and the CDF for each probability distribution can be represented by a single number (the Anderson-Darling statistic, A2).
The mechanical properties of individual particles were determined experimentally in the parallel and perpendicular to grain directions.
Details of the number of test replications in each material property direction are given in Table 1.
Sample Cutting Plan and Tension Test Piece Details (Dimensions in mm) Material Property Test Piece Number Direction Tension (1) Longitudinal (2) Lateral Compression (3) Longitudinal (4) Lateral Bending (5) Longitudinal (6) Lateral Planar Shear (7) Longitudinal (8) Lateral Panel Shear (9) Longitudinal (10) Lateral Bearing (11) Longitudinal (12) Lateral Table 1.
The goodness of fit between the EDF and the CDF for each probability distribution can be represented by a single number (the Anderson-Darling statistic, A2).
Online since: April 2016
Authors: Hu Yan, Juan Li, Xiao Li Zhao
Different number of the bar allows us to obtain different thicknesses of liquid film.
The larger of model number is, the larger of diameter of wire as well as thickness of the liquid film is.
It is considered that the wire diameter of the bars increases with the model number of bar, i.e., the gap-size enlarges, leading to the increasing thickness of wet film.
A similarly tendency was observed by Kim et al. [8] They explained that pristine films consist of disconnected, conductive PEDOT-rich grains with weak phase separation, whereas films of PH1000 added with 6 vol% (≈7 wt %) of EG reveal better connection of PEDOT-rich grains and fairly well defined phase separation.
The larger of model number is, the larger of diameter of wire as well as thickness of the liquid film is.
It is considered that the wire diameter of the bars increases with the model number of bar, i.e., the gap-size enlarges, leading to the increasing thickness of wet film.
A similarly tendency was observed by Kim et al. [8] They explained that pristine films consist of disconnected, conductive PEDOT-rich grains with weak phase separation, whereas films of PH1000 added with 6 vol% (≈7 wt %) of EG reveal better connection of PEDOT-rich grains and fairly well defined phase separation.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Matthew J. Peel, David John Smith, Danie G. Hattingh, Thomas Connolley, Shu Yan Zhang, Greame Horne, Joe Kelleher, Michael Hart
There were several experimental requirements: a large number of measurements (many load and
unload cycles each with several line scans and measuring in-situ in a loading rig), bulk rather than
surface measurements and a high spatial resolution.
This refinement procedure also provided estimates for the strain uncertainty that included effects not apparent in the peak fitting (e.g. grain size problems).
The uncertainty was reduced further in the area disturbed by the pin of the friction stir welding tool, since stirring the material reduced texture and grain size effects, and also results in a reduction in the measured residual stress.
In ASME PVP, number PVP2012-78225, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2012
In ASME PVP, number PVP2006-ICPVT11-93620, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2006
This refinement procedure also provided estimates for the strain uncertainty that included effects not apparent in the peak fitting (e.g. grain size problems).
The uncertainty was reduced further in the area disturbed by the pin of the friction stir welding tool, since stirring the material reduced texture and grain size effects, and also results in a reduction in the measured residual stress.
In ASME PVP, number PVP2012-78225, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2012
In ASME PVP, number PVP2006-ICPVT11-93620, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2006
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Zheng Jia Wang, Ian Qin Huang, You Jun Huang, Bing Zhang, Bing Song Zheng
Germination capability of pollen grains was determined by culturing them on medium including boric acid (0,5,10mg/L) and sucrose (50,100,150,200g/L) and BK medium [12].
Hickory pollen grain is small with diameter at 28.4 μm, 3 colporates and smooth surface.
When seed number in single fruit has not obvious difference, differences of fruit endogenous hormone level reflect seed genetic basis difference indirectly.
[11] S.Atefs, “Vigour of wheat pollen grains, ”pp.37-40,1982
Hickory pollen grain is small with diameter at 28.4 μm, 3 colporates and smooth surface.
When seed number in single fruit has not obvious difference, differences of fruit endogenous hormone level reflect seed genetic basis difference indirectly.
[11] S.Atefs, “Vigour of wheat pollen grains, ”pp.37-40,1982