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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Qi Liang Yang, Xiao Gang Liu, Xin Le Wang
Soil moisture status is one of the main factors affecting the coffee root activity and leaf function, so strengthening water management is the main measure to guarantee growth of root, leaf, grain, quality and high yield.
The flower numbers and yield were basically the same under different irrigation treatments (100 mm, 80 mm, and 60 mm) [9].
The results showed that the number of flower and fruit increased with increasing irrigation amount, and irrigation amount of 20 L to 25 L made flowering period shifted to an earlier date than 15 L [14].
Based on the effect of fertilization and shade on the 6-year-old coffee growth and yield, nodes number and yield of coffee increased with increasing shade, while effect of fertilization was no significant on coffee leaf and node number, the leaf area of each branch and yield [18].
The study investigated the effect of different irrigation and fractional step fertilizer on coffee plant height, diameter of main stem, corolla and the number of nodes with four irrigation levels in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and the results showed that fractional step fertilizer did not increase coffee yield, while irrigation of 120%ET0 could achieve high yield[24].
Online since: October 2012
Authors: You Peng Xu, Liu Yan Wang, Ming Jing Yu
Complexity of river network (CR): It is used to describe the development degree of river network’s number and length.
In network graph, degree of vertices (Di) of a certain vertex is the number of edges connecting it[3].
The higher the degree of vertices is, the fewer the number of vertices is.
From 1960s to 1980s and then in 2009, the number of edges, vertices and vertices of different Di are gradually reducing and the reduction is more obvious in the later period.
For instance, after 1950s, large acreage of lakes reclaim, and reclamation of land from lake for grain.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Bao Yin, Bu Ren Jirigala, Alateng Tuya
The pressure and response indicators of human activities include population and structure indicators (rural population and population density); land usage and reclamation indicators include cultivation index, the proportion of grain crops, the proportion of effective irrigation area; industrial structure and investment structure indicators include the proportion of secondary industry, the proportion of tertiary industry, per capita investment in fixed assets.
Harmfulness index of natural disasters include the affected population, the number of casualties, the damage area, economic losses, and the data are from 1978 to 2009 collected by the Civil Affairs Department based on the county-level administrative units.
Economic indicators that reflect the regional poverty include per capita GDP, per capita fiscal income, per capita budget deficit, per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen, per capita food production, the number of per capita livestock; social welfare indicators that reflect the regional poverty include per capita retail sales of social consumer goods, per capita agricultural and pastoral mechanical power, per capita electricity consumption, per capita traffic, per capita amount of post and telecommunication services, the number of professional health personnel/ 10000 persons, the number of middle school students / 10000 persons, the number of elementary school students/ 10000 persons, etc.
Spatial interpolation: the number of meteorological observation stations requires to changing the point data into regional surface data using spatial interpolation.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Zhi Dong Guo, Jia Liu, Cang Bo Li
Table 2 Renewable materials gradation table of different sections Section number Section number (mm) 31.5 26.5 19 9.5 4.75 2.36 0.6 0.075 section1 Through the quality percentage (%) 100 93 80 53 34 24 13 2 Cumulative retained percentage (%) 0 7 10 47 66 76 87 98 section2 Through the quality percentage (%) 100 96 91 75 58 36 24 99 Cumulative retained percentage (%) 4 9 25 42 64 76 1 From Table 2, milling regeneration material from representative sections 1 meets grading conditions required by the design and specification requirements, so there is no need to add a new aggregate.
Representative sections of 2 milling regenerative materials do not conform to the specification requirements and design gradation, thus still need to add the corresponding proportion of aggregate, so that more than 4.75mm’s aggregates of the sections’s mixture account for more than 65%, and ensure that the regeneration layer form skeleton close-grained structure, to meet the requirements of bearing capacity [4].
If the road width is less than 6 meters, it should choose the full width construction instead of half construction, in order to reduce the number of seams, improve construction efficiency; Overlapping width of longitudinal regeneration layer is not less than 15 centimeter, at the same time we must due to increase the dosage of cement in the joints.
Total number of feet No. of unqualified ruler Roughness average (mm) Qualified rate (%) K0+030-0+090 20 0 7 100 K1+150-1+210 20 2 6 90 K2+320-2+380 20 0 8 100 K3+230-3+290 20 1 6 95 Table 8 Sampling results of cold-recycled base bending and sinking Pile No.
The use of cold recycling process fully use of renewable resources of waste asphalt to avoid the generation of a large number of highway construction waste, to save considerable land resources, to effectively prevent soil erosion[8]. 1 kilometer and 4 meter width road can save earthwork 4.6m× 1000m×0.3m =1380m3, and avoid construction waste 1380 m3, so that more than 100 kilometers of transformed old asphalt pavement in Jixian County can be saved 414 acres of land annually (digging farming is computed as 50cm per acre) , Each year to avoid slag 138000 cubic meters, saving the special environmental governance cost of hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Abouzar Moshfegh, Ahmad Jabbarzadeh, Roger I. Tanner
Introduction About twenty years ago, the coarse-grained Dissipative Particles Dynamics (DPD) simulation method was proposed by Hoogerbrugge and Koelman [1] as a faster rival to Molecular Dynamics (MD).
Three pairwise-additive major DPD forces known as conservative (FijC), dissipative (FijD) and random (FijR) forces are applied via: FijC=Aij1-rijRcrijrij , FijD=-γ ωDrij rij⋅vij rijrij2 , FijR=σ ωRrij ξijdt rijrij (2) ξijt=0 and ξijt ξklt'=(δikδjl+δilδjk) δt-t' , ξij≈12 (θij-0.5) (3) Where Aij is repulsion parameter, Rc is the cutoff radius (or particle effective diameter), ωDrij and ωRrij are the weight functions, γ is the damping factor or drag coefficient, vij is the relative absolute velocity between two particles, σ is the noise amplitude for randomly generated numbers (ξij) with Gaussian white-noise statistics, zero mean and unit variance.
In this paper we adopt Mersenne Twister pseudorandom numbers generator [7] to yield double precision equidistributed uniform numbers (θij) between 0 and 1.
(DPD settings: σ=3, ρ=3, Box=(10 Rc)3, Aii=25, dt=0.01, Nt=50,000, kBT=1.0) Here, Vshear is the velocity whereby the shear planes are driven via Lees-Edwards boundary condition [8], ρ is the number density of particles, Nt is the number of total time steps, and kBT stands as system target equilibrium temperature.
Nishimura, Mersenne twister: a 623-dimensionally equidistributed uniform pseudo-random number generator.
Online since: July 2021
Authors: Victor V. Nosov, Egor V. Grigoriev, Sabina A. Peretyatko, Artem P. Artyushchenko
The structure of the material has a hierarchical property, and an example of structural elements can be grains or their boundaries and non-metallic inclusions in metals and their alloys as shown in Fig. 1.
Fractogram of micro-damage of weld metal at different moments of time The model of a stream of signals of AE in the form of dependence on time of t of number of Nå of impulses of AE of materials has the following general view: Nåt=V∆t, f, uФ∆t, f, ududfd∆t×C0ω0ω0+∆ωψω1--exp-0tdt'θU0,ωt'dω, (1) where each of the parameters included in (1) is presented in Table 1, has a certain physical nature and depends on various factors affecting the control suitability of destruction and strength properties of the material.
parameters included in formula (1) Formula parameter Physical meaning Scale level Θ (U0, ω(t՛) = = τ0 exp {[U0 − γσ(t՛)]/(KT)} Failure time of heterogeneity element (molecular bond or structural trace element)[30] Nano-microlevel τ0 Period of atomic oscillations Nanolevel U0 Activation energy of molecular bond breaking process Nanolevel g Activation volume Nanolevel σ Stresses on heterogeneity element Nanolevel K Boltzmann's constant Nanolevel T Absolute temperature of heterogeneity element Nanolevel ω = γσ/KT Nano-characteristic of strength of heterogeneity element Nanolevel Ф (Δt, f, u) The function of control destabilization, presented in the form of density of distribution of AE signals by duration of pauses Δt, frequency f and amplitude u, characterizes the connection of AE signals with their sources Microlevel C0 Concentration of heterogeneity elements Microlevel V Total volume of monitored object Macrolevel Acoustically active (AE controlled) volume of material Macrolevel kАЭ⋅C0 Number
At constant temperature T and period τcycle of cyclic loading, number NC of cycles till destruction is: NC=θ/τcycle=τ0/τcycleexp⁡[(U0-γσ)/KT], at σ=0 value NC=NB, where: lgNB=lg⁡(τ0/τcycle)+0,43U0/(KT)≈const. (4) Mapping of both mathematical expressions: YАЕ=dlnNΣuniform/dσ=γ/KT and YR=-dlnNC/dσ=γ/KT, (5) and the numerical values of the parameters YAE and YR detect their identity (YAE=YR=0,015 MPa-1) and allow us to assert the inversely proportional relationship between the number of cycles before destruction NC and the number of AE pulses NΣuniform, which are recorded at the stage of uniform destruction: NC≅A/NΣuniform. (6) This confirms the assumption that the linear damage summation hypothesis [34, 35] is consistent with the homogeneous failure stage, which allows the prediction of the residual resource.
The transition from visual control of the number of cycles to destruction of standard samples with conditionally identical defects to automated acoustic-emission control of the destruction time of representative microelements of the material of an industrial facility, which made it possible to ensure the control suitability of the damage accumulation process; 2.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Tian Qing Liu, Xiang Qin Li, Ke Dong Song, Shi Xiao Li, Mei Yun Fang, Fang Xin Shi, Li Li Ji
The former was then cultured under static condition, while half of the latter grains were under static condition and half dynamic.
The results showed a great number of ADSCs within microbeads displayed strong green fluorescence while no cells showed red fluorescence.
There were a large number of irregular red mineralized nodules within microbeads in the three groups, and the number of red mineralized nodules formed by ADSCs was the greatest within CABP microbeads in spinner flask after osteogenic induction, and significantly lager within CABP microbeads than that in calcium alginate microbeads in static cultivation.
After 21 days, white microbeads in the three groups were completely ossification induced and showed black after von-Kossa staining, indicating that a good number of ADSCs within microbeads had performed osteogenic differentiation.
Large numbers of black nodes were observed in these profiles.
Online since: May 2018
Authors: Bondan Tiara Sofyan, Dewi Lestari Natalia, Risly Wijanarko, Irene Angela
These numbers however, declined on samples with higher compaction pressure of 359 MPa due to the formation of porosities caused by entrapped gas that failed to exit the sample of which compaction pressure was considered to be overwhelmingly high.
AlNbO4 is responsible to control the grain boundaries so that densification can occur at lower temperature.
Online since: May 2022
Authors: Sergii Maksymov, Olena S. Panchenko, Yu. V. Makarenko, Valeriy D. Makarenko
It has been found that fatigue resistance decreases with an increase in the number of cycles.
Every year, for these reasons, more than 15% of rollers in rolling mills and more than 60% in pipe rolling shops fail out of the total number of rollers included in the equipment of these shops.
The samples were polished with a grinding skin with a grain size of 3/0 and then subjected to tempering in a vacuum chamber at 620 ° C for 30 min to remove residual stresses.
It is established that fatigue resistance decreases as the number of cycles increases.
Online since: April 2008
Authors: Igor Mazur
The Lipetsk State Technical University (LSTU) jointly with the NLMK Information Technologies Department has developed a number of PC applications which have been successfully introduced at 2000 Wide Strip Continuous Mill [1].
Transformation of the Grain Structure of Austenite within the Cycle "deformation - Initial recrystallization " //Physics of Metals and Physical Metallurgy. -1996.
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