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By repair methodology it is necessary to, due to the structural solution and service function of guide vane apparatus vanes, specify a large number of details, consider them carefully and carry them out in order to improve safety, because if some of them get overlooked, underestimated or incorrectly perceived, significant problems in turbine operation may occur.This methodology refers solely to the repair of damaged welded joints between sleeves and bodies of guide vane apparatus vanes.
[6] EN ISO 17632-1: Welding consumables, Tubular cored electrodes for gas shielded and non - fgas shielded metal arc welding of non - alloy and fine grain steels – Classification, T42 2 PC1H5, ESAB, Sweden, 2015

. & Time 800 � �� � / 2hr 800� �� � / 15hr 800 � �� � / 60hr 900 � �� � / 2hr 900 � �� � / 15hr 900� �� � / 20hr 900 � �� � / 60hr 1000� �� � / 15hr 1000� �� � / 60hr (b)(b) 700 � �� � / 60hr 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Number of Cycles Weight Gain (mg/cm2) (c) 700 � �� � 800 � �� � 900 � �� � Scale spallation Scale spallation 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Number of Cycles Weight Gain (mg/cm2) (c) 700 � �� � 800 � �� � 900 � �� � Scale spallation Scale spallation 20 o 30 o 40 o 50 o 60 o Diffraction Angle, 2����/degree Relative Intensity (a) � � � � � ����-TiAl ����2-Ti3Al ����-Ti � � � � (200) (002) (111) (201) (002) (110) (b) ���� ���� ����/����2 ����/����2 ����(dark lines) / ����2(white lines) ����/����2 ���� ���� 10��� � 20 o 30 o 40 o 50 o 60 o
���2 ���� ���� 10��� �10��� � Relative Intensity (a) � � � � �� �� � � �� � � � � ����-TiAl � � TiO2 Al2O3 Diffraction Angle, 2����/degree 20o 30 o 40o 50 o 60o 70o 80 o � � Relative Intensity (a) � � � � �� �� � � �� � � � � ����-TiAl � � TiO2 Al2O3 � ����-TiAl � � TiO2 Al2O3 Diffraction Angle, 2����/degree 20o 30 o 40o 50 o 60o 70o 80 o 20o 30 o 40o 50 o 60o 70o 80 o � � �� � � � � � � � � ����2-Ti3Al ����-Ti� � ����-TiAl � Ti2AlN � TiO2 (b) Diffraction Angle, 2����/degree 20o 30o 40o 50o 60o 70o 80o Relative Intensity �� � � � � � � � � ����2-Ti3Al ����-Ti� � ����-TiAl � Ti2AlN � TiO2 �� � � � � � � � � ����2-Ti3Al ����-Ti� � ����-TiAl � ����2-Ti3Al ����-Ti� � ����-TiAl � Ti2AlN � TiO2 � Ti2AlN � TiO2 (b) Diffraction Angle, 2����/degree 20o 30o 40o 50o 60o 70o 80o 20o 30o 40o 50o 60o 70o 80o Relative Intensity Journal Title and Volume Number
Particularly, the outermost, round TiO2 grains were seen to contain dissolved ions of V as well as Al.
Vol. 54 (2000), p. 575 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 0 20 40 60 80 100 Concentration (at %) Spot numbers Distance, d/��� � 0 3.5 2 Ti Al V O (b) 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 0 20 40 60 80 100 Concentration (at %) Spot numbers Distance, d/��� � 0 3.5 2 Ti Al V O 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 0 20 40 60 80 100 Concentration (at %) Spot numbers Distance, d/��� � 0 3.5 2 Ti Al V O (b) ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� 1 15 10 5 500nm scale matrix (a) ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� 1 15 10 5 500nm scale matrix (a)

Therefore, a large number of HEAs [1, 5-7] have been designed and developed to circumvent the limitation of ductility.
Extensive research work on ultrafine grained eutectic-dendritic composites [9-12] has clearly demonstrated that optimum combination of sucs and ep can be attained for a microstructure consisting of ultrafine eutectic with micron scale dendritic phases.
For alloy system like HEAs, consisting of large number of phases, it is quite difficult to describe the fracture behaviour.
At the same time, one can observe the presence of few numbers of flat facets on the fracture surface.
However, the number of such flat facets is much less than the earlier specimen.

These defects, which most often develop from initial corrosion pits, are usually related to the presence of a higher number of corrosively aggressive impurities in the steam that accumulate in a film on the surface of the components during operation or during shutdowns in the wet parts of turbines.
Microstructure of the material was formed of fine tempered martensite with a very small fraction of d-ferrite and a linear network of carbides on the boundaries of austenitic grains (Fig. 6a, b).
They are determined for a limited number of values of the stress ratio parameter R – in our case for three to four values.
So, this risk may be reduced by increasing the number of tests carried out, which, of course, takes time and money.
Another condition necessary for the successful application of the methodology is a knowledge of the history and the outlook for turbine operation, or more precisely for a rotor with blades in terms of the number of starts, shutdowns, operation time periods at limited output, etc.

With an increase in film thickness the sticky layer disappears and the number of cone-shaped formations increase and they eventually coalesce.
In view of these premises, with further increase of film thickness increase, which ensures an even higher degree of cross-linking, could well be supposed to cause the growth in the number of cones, with the formation of extended structures (ridges, for example) as they coalescence.
Judging by the size, they correspond to the grain boundaries of the steel substrate.

A number of similar engineering practices indicate that the maximum adiabatic temperature rise is mainly subjected to the control of concrete mix composition and internal and the temperature difference between inside and outside is mainly controlled by the moisture and insulation measures, which are the two major critical factors controlling mass concrete slab temperature cracks, providing references to future similar mass concrete construction. 1.
Water block slab of section B is shown in Figure 2. 5 Mass Concrete Construction 5.1 Make full preparation of rain and snow protection A building in Dalian is proposed for the grain trading center of Northeast Asia, adjacent to this project.
The practice of a number of similar projects indicate that maximum adiabatic temperature rise of mass concrete is mainly subjected to the control of concrete mix composition, whereas the internal and external temperature difference is controlled by moisture and insulation measures, which are two crucial factors controlling temperature cracks in mass concrete slab, providing references to similar mass concrete construction in future.

Both kinds of applications require high quality single crystals having desirable dimensions, devoid of defects, grain boundaries, or impurities that act as electron scatterers, traps and non radiative recombination centers.
They are part of the small number of compound semiconductors which may also be produced in amorphous form.

The calcination heating rate can play a key role in the grain size and distribution of BaCO3 and CeO2, so that it can affect the surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of the NSR catalyst.
A large number of fine particles composed of BaCO3 and CeO2 adhere to the large γ-Al2O3 particles.

Both the above and nether sewing threads have been sewed in the middle along the same fabric grain direction.
Due to the number of the main factors and the seam pucker grade of subjective evaluation has been fixed, we set the corresponding node number of the input layer, hidden layer, and output layer of network is 5, 25 and 1 respectively, and let the weight coefficient of SFCM clustering m=2.
We uses ordinary BP neural network to evaluate seam pucker, and sets the number of hidden layer equal to 6 and the objective error equal to 0.1.
The optimizing iteration number of BP network is about 35000.
By large numbers of testing, we find the convergence speed of our algorithm is very fast on the same objective error 0.1, and the iteration number of SFCM is about 103 degree.

The present work further extended the calculations of the enthalpies of formation to a number of AlB2-type diborides.
(1) Where h is the Planck’s constant, k is Boltzmann’s constant, NA is the Avogadro number, n is the number of atoms in the molecule, M is the molecular weight, and ρ0 is the density, respectively.
As the number of valence electron is increased, the bonding band becomes filled and further filling electrons are donated predominantly into the metallic band as shown in the case of AlB2.
Roughly speaking, the number of the d- pπ bonding bands is formally the same as that of the low-lying pπ states [12].
Li, Grain refining mechanism of Al-3B master alloy on hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys, Trans.