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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Hua Wu, You Yang, Zhao Feng Xuan
Automotive applications are one of the possibilities where the benefits of weight reduction and, consequently, fuel saving is important [1,2].
However, the high cycle fatigue data of the alloy can only be found sparsely in the literature.
The data before No.1 couple reverse result appears are given up when the fatigue strength is calculated by the up-and-down method.
All adjacent reverse data are coupled.
The accurate fatigue strength is get by calculating the mean value of all adjacent reverse data mean value.
However, the high cycle fatigue data of the alloy can only be found sparsely in the literature.
The data before No.1 couple reverse result appears are given up when the fatigue strength is calculated by the up-and-down method.
All adjacent reverse data are coupled.
The accurate fatigue strength is get by calculating the mean value of all adjacent reverse data mean value.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Liang Mei
These help TD-SCDMA standard achieve full application of the signal frequency, the coordination of symmetrical and asymmetrical data channel, the reduction of multi-interference, and high-frequency signal transmission dynamics.
By collecting data from each company’s website, two biggest search engines in China—baidu and google, and China’s TD-SCDMA industry alliance’s website, we get links referring to technology transfer agreement, strategic cooperation agreement, equipment supplier agreement, intellectual property sharing agreement, joint R&D activity product tender agreement, project cooperation agreement, OEM agreement and company affiliated relationship, terminal application agreement, business merger contract.
All the data collected refer to the year 2002 (China’s TD-SCDMA industry alliance established) to 2010, and information of members joining in year 2009 and 2010 are eliminated because of the time lag of secondary data.
By collecting data from each company’s website, two biggest search engines in China—baidu and google, and China’s TD-SCDMA industry alliance’s website, we get links referring to technology transfer agreement, strategic cooperation agreement, equipment supplier agreement, intellectual property sharing agreement, joint R&D activity product tender agreement, project cooperation agreement, OEM agreement and company affiliated relationship, terminal application agreement, business merger contract.
All the data collected refer to the year 2002 (China’s TD-SCDMA industry alliance established) to 2010, and information of members joining in year 2009 and 2010 are eliminated because of the time lag of secondary data.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Jin Xing Lai, Hai Xia Zhang, Qian Zhang
Fig. 5 Curve of vault settlement with time Fig. 6 Curve of peripheral convergence with time
Figs. 5~6 show that the curves of vault settlement and peripheral convergence are basically the same; the vault settlement is always greater than peripheral convergence, both of which increase rapidly in about 300 hours (t=350h) after excavation and then turn into a gradual growth stage with basically stable deformation in line with the u-t curve law of in-situ monitoring data.
Thereinto, the vehicle load is considered as highway class I load with horizontal load reduction coefficient.
The corresponding data of vertical displacement obtained by numerical calculation of ANSYS show that the tunnel vault would produce certain additional settlement of about 3.27cm under the action of inverted arch backfilling+ vehicle load+ collapsible loess soaking; the reinforcement treatment of foundation by high-pressure rotary spraying can improve the property of soil mass to make the additional settlement decrease in a certain degree with value of about 2.27cm.
The comparison between numerical results and measured data shows that the u-t curves of vault settlement and peripheral convergence are basically the same with close data, which can validate the validity of presented models and explain the tunnel displacement characteristics reasonably providing reference for the design, construction and monitoring of loess tunnel projects in the future.
Thereinto, the vehicle load is considered as highway class I load with horizontal load reduction coefficient.
The corresponding data of vertical displacement obtained by numerical calculation of ANSYS show that the tunnel vault would produce certain additional settlement of about 3.27cm under the action of inverted arch backfilling+ vehicle load+ collapsible loess soaking; the reinforcement treatment of foundation by high-pressure rotary spraying can improve the property of soil mass to make the additional settlement decrease in a certain degree with value of about 2.27cm.
The comparison between numerical results and measured data shows that the u-t curves of vault settlement and peripheral convergence are basically the same with close data, which can validate the validity of presented models and explain the tunnel displacement characteristics reasonably providing reference for the design, construction and monitoring of loess tunnel projects in the future.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Katalin Líska, János Líska, János Kodácsy
Force components were measured with KISTLER 9257B three-component, piezoelectric force measuring machine and data recording system.
Diagram f-Fc, f-Ff, f-Fp Literature data and later experiences shows, that surface roughness after burnishing depend on hard turning surface roughness.
fb Fb rv Workpiece PCD-insert Fig. 5.Schematic and photo of burnishing tool with PCD-insert Experimental results During the experiments, we measured force components by dynamometer KISTLER 9257B and by data recording system.
In tables values with index o presents the average of roughness data after hard turning.
The reduction slightly depends on feed and greatly depends on burnishing force.
Diagram f-Fc, f-Ff, f-Fp Literature data and later experiences shows, that surface roughness after burnishing depend on hard turning surface roughness.
fb Fb rv Workpiece PCD-insert Fig. 5.Schematic and photo of burnishing tool with PCD-insert Experimental results During the experiments, we measured force components by dynamometer KISTLER 9257B and by data recording system.
In tables values with index o presents the average of roughness data after hard turning.
The reduction slightly depends on feed and greatly depends on burnishing force.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Chong Xia, Peng Chen, Xiao Hong Zhang, Guo Fu Yin
The supporting facilities included air compressor, thermometer, noise measuring system, air flow meter, stereomicroscope for measuring cutter wear, and software for data processing.
The system for cryogenic cutting consists of four parts, i.e., 1) air supply unit, which supply compressed air to system, 2) refrigeration system, in which the refrigerating effect can be used for dehumidification and temperature reduction of air, 3) minim oil mist generator, and 4) metal cutting system.
An appropriate range of air flow was decided within 0.8~2.0Nm3/min, after referencing data in some literatures[6, 7] and data from actual test.
In dry gear hobbing, according to experimental data, the top wear is larger than side wear, and wear quickens along with cutting, shown in Fig. 3.
The system for cryogenic cutting consists of four parts, i.e., 1) air supply unit, which supply compressed air to system, 2) refrigeration system, in which the refrigerating effect can be used for dehumidification and temperature reduction of air, 3) minim oil mist generator, and 4) metal cutting system.
An appropriate range of air flow was decided within 0.8~2.0Nm3/min, after referencing data in some literatures[6, 7] and data from actual test.
In dry gear hobbing, according to experimental data, the top wear is larger than side wear, and wear quickens along with cutting, shown in Fig. 3.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Alireza Sabour Rouhaghdam, Shahrokh Ahangarani, Mahboobeh Azadi, Haman Hedaiat Mofidi, Mansoor Bozorg
In order to reduce instrumental errors and to achieve accurate data, a high angle peak is favorable.
The counting time was set to 120 sec for each data point in order to achieve a good resolution.
FESEM micrograph of bilayer coating Ti(0.6 μm)/TiN(2 μm) The best line is fitted through the data points and the slope of the fitted line is calculated.
The data gathered from indentation test were used to plot indentation load vs. als12.
The reason of this reduction is probably mechanical compliance effect which is effective after a critical thickness of the interlayer [15].
The counting time was set to 120 sec for each data point in order to achieve a good resolution.
FESEM micrograph of bilayer coating Ti(0.6 μm)/TiN(2 μm) The best line is fitted through the data points and the slope of the fitted line is calculated.
The data gathered from indentation test were used to plot indentation load vs. als12.
The reason of this reduction is probably mechanical compliance effect which is effective after a critical thickness of the interlayer [15].
Online since: December 2012
Authors: He Nan Tang, Hui Yan
Step 2: Transform the available data into constraint predicate formula or follow the rule of mutual exclusion.
Step 5: Mining and extraction of the data.
Step 6: The extraction of the solution to data planning.
The idea in this paper is: in the calculation process, a local optimal solution should be constantly looked for; the reduction of the computational scale and increase of the computational efficiency can be achieved by merging the local optimal solutions.
[5] Parpinelli R S,Lopes H S,Freitas A.A Data mining with an ant colony optimization algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2002,6(4):321-332.
Step 5: Mining and extraction of the data.
Step 6: The extraction of the solution to data planning.
The idea in this paper is: in the calculation process, a local optimal solution should be constantly looked for; the reduction of the computational scale and increase of the computational efficiency can be achieved by merging the local optimal solutions.
[5] Parpinelli R S,Lopes H S,Freitas A.A Data mining with an ant colony optimization algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2002,6(4):321-332.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Long Fei Li, Shuang Jian Jiao, Qun Le Du
Considering the requirements of different levels toward traffic safety, economical efficiency and environmental impact, block out equivalent green belt width data, and written in table 1.
TABLE 2 Calculation results A B C D E X1(t) 28.94 23.94 22.23 23.13 32.73 X2(t) 90.17 112.90 112.90 135.64 148.56 X3(t) 1.80 1.65 1.62 1.61 1.60 X4(t) 18.03 18.03 18.08 18.13 18.16 X5(t) 2273 1563 426 171 57 X6(t) -1060 -848 -636 -424 -212 X0(t) 13162 9105 1922 725 278 The initial treatment of the equivalent carbon emissions conduct Because the dimensions of the evaluation indicators are not identical entirely, moreover the range of the data change is different.
If we calculate and evaluate the actual data directly, it is easy to cause that concept is not clear and hard to compare.
For the data of reference sequence and factors behavior sequence.
[3] Yourong Shi,WEI Zhao.Researchon Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Integrated Management System of Highway and Waterway Transportation[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,32(4):31-37. in Chinese
TABLE 2 Calculation results A B C D E X1(t) 28.94 23.94 22.23 23.13 32.73 X2(t) 90.17 112.90 112.90 135.64 148.56 X3(t) 1.80 1.65 1.62 1.61 1.60 X4(t) 18.03 18.03 18.08 18.13 18.16 X5(t) 2273 1563 426 171 57 X6(t) -1060 -848 -636 -424 -212 X0(t) 13162 9105 1922 725 278 The initial treatment of the equivalent carbon emissions conduct Because the dimensions of the evaluation indicators are not identical entirely, moreover the range of the data change is different.
If we calculate and evaluate the actual data directly, it is easy to cause that concept is not clear and hard to compare.
For the data of reference sequence and factors behavior sequence.
[3] Yourong Shi,WEI Zhao.Researchon Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Integrated Management System of Highway and Waterway Transportation[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,32(4):31-37. in Chinese
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Corneliu Munteanu, Iulian Cucos, Constantin Mirea
- command and control system for furnace based on a digital temperature regulator that allows the implementation of different regulating laws, an programmable microcontroller and data acquisition interface;
Fig. 1.
Mechanical and technological characteristics of the material are [2,6]: - characteristics of material (at t = 20 0C): density r0 = 7753.6 [Kg/m3], specific heat C0 = 475.42 [Wh/Kg 0C], thermal conductivity l0 = 44.51[W/m 0C] - mechanical characteristics: hardness = 22 [HRC]; internal stress = 920 [Mpa]; elongation =14 [%]; reduction of section = 60 [%]; charpy value = 60 [J] - critical temperatures: Ac1 = 713.20 [0 C]; Ac3= 787.24 [0 C]; Ms = 331.72 [0 C] The parameters of the heat treatments which is applied to piece determined by the program to predict the structure and mechanical properties of heat treatments piece: - normalizing: temperature 841 [0 C], heating time 5.040 [sec], maintaining time 1.048 [sec], cooling on air; - quenching: temperature 831 [0 C], heating time 5.326 [sec], time 1.065 [sec], cooling on oil; - tempering: temperature 570 [0 C], heating time 12.546 [sec], time 1.048 [sec], cooling on air.
The experimental results, taken from data acquisition board installed in the electric furnace control system for quenching and high tempering treatment temperature diagrams - diagram calculated with classical algorithms heating and actual temperature of the furnace resulting from predictive PID control algorithm shown by thermocouples placed in the furnace vault and the finite element analysis (FEM) of the evolution in the time of the temperature and heat flux quenching and tempering the piece subjected to heat treatment conducted in the furnace with thermoregulatory controlled with PID predictive.
Graph of change in hardness HB of according to the measuring points According to the data presented in specialized standards-hardness steel C45 RO1.0503 they are made of low-power turbine blades for the treatment of normalization is 235 HB, comparing the results obtained shows that when treatment is classic the average hardness of 231.5 HB less than the requirements of the standard, and if the heat treatment temperature sensitive 244.8 HB average values are predictive for thermostatic a step higher values of standard requirements.
The experimental results are taken from data acquisition board installed in the control system of electric furnace for heat-sensitive treatments.
Mechanical and technological characteristics of the material are [2,6]: - characteristics of material (at t = 20 0C): density r0 = 7753.6 [Kg/m3], specific heat C0 = 475.42 [Wh/Kg 0C], thermal conductivity l0 = 44.51[W/m 0C] - mechanical characteristics: hardness = 22 [HRC]; internal stress = 920 [Mpa]; elongation =14 [%]; reduction of section = 60 [%]; charpy value = 60 [J] - critical temperatures: Ac1 = 713.20 [0 C]; Ac3= 787.24 [0 C]; Ms = 331.72 [0 C] The parameters of the heat treatments which is applied to piece determined by the program to predict the structure and mechanical properties of heat treatments piece: - normalizing: temperature 841 [0 C], heating time 5.040 [sec], maintaining time 1.048 [sec], cooling on air; - quenching: temperature 831 [0 C], heating time 5.326 [sec], time 1.065 [sec], cooling on oil; - tempering: temperature 570 [0 C], heating time 12.546 [sec], time 1.048 [sec], cooling on air.
The experimental results, taken from data acquisition board installed in the electric furnace control system for quenching and high tempering treatment temperature diagrams - diagram calculated with classical algorithms heating and actual temperature of the furnace resulting from predictive PID control algorithm shown by thermocouples placed in the furnace vault and the finite element analysis (FEM) of the evolution in the time of the temperature and heat flux quenching and tempering the piece subjected to heat treatment conducted in the furnace with thermoregulatory controlled with PID predictive.
Graph of change in hardness HB of according to the measuring points According to the data presented in specialized standards-hardness steel C45 RO1.0503 they are made of low-power turbine blades for the treatment of normalization is 235 HB, comparing the results obtained shows that when treatment is classic the average hardness of 231.5 HB less than the requirements of the standard, and if the heat treatment temperature sensitive 244.8 HB average values are predictive for thermostatic a step higher values of standard requirements.
The experimental results are taken from data acquisition board installed in the control system of electric furnace for heat-sensitive treatments.
Online since: October 2018
Authors: E.G. Karpikov, S.N. Golovin, N.P. Lukutsova
There are some data on the study of wollastonite in the composition of cement systems [2-7], ceramics [8,9], in dry construction mixtures [10] available in literature.
The data of the bending and compression strength of the concrete, modified with the developed highly-dispersed additive is shown in Figure 4.
Some further increase in the content of the developed additive in fine-grained concrete results in concrete decompaction and strength reduction.
The data obtained by testing samples are given in the Table.
Composition Water-cement ratio Cone flow (mm) Ultimate flexural strength (MPa) Ultimate strength of compression (MPa) Control 0.43 112 17.0 33.3 Modified 0.35 108 21.6 45.8 The data of scanning electron microscopy of the contact zone of the cement stone and wollastonite particles of the samples of plain and modified fine-grained concrete have revealed the differences in their structure (Fig. 5).
The data of the bending and compression strength of the concrete, modified with the developed highly-dispersed additive is shown in Figure 4.
Some further increase in the content of the developed additive in fine-grained concrete results in concrete decompaction and strength reduction.
The data obtained by testing samples are given in the Table.
Composition Water-cement ratio Cone flow (mm) Ultimate flexural strength (MPa) Ultimate strength of compression (MPa) Control 0.43 112 17.0 33.3 Modified 0.35 108 21.6 45.8 The data of scanning electron microscopy of the contact zone of the cement stone and wollastonite particles of the samples of plain and modified fine-grained concrete have revealed the differences in their structure (Fig. 5).