Search results

For improved decisions on the best materials and processes, the largest number of variables during the design phase should be considered.
These alloys are stronger than other high strength alloys, even when compared with Al-Li alloys, having a significant grain refinement, and exhibit good resistance to corrosion, [8].
The solution adopted by Boeing represented a dramatic shift from traditional airframe philosophy and creates a considerable number of new challenges.
From these data it is concluded that the structural design can be done for a pre-estimated number of cycles, depending on the design goal of the aircraft and its maintenance procedures.
Taking into account the assumptions presented, with CFRP a reduction in weight is achieved, of varying magnitude depending on the design goal (number of cycles) and maintenance procedures.

The apparent improvement at 0.1% is more likely to be a consequence of the poorly-understood and rather random nature of hot tearing, i.e. the variability in the number of castings that crack and the intensity with which they crack.
Table 2: Hot tearing results for the Al-Mg-Si base alloy with and without Cu additions Alloy Proportion of cracked bars Number of faces with crack severity rating: Mean (all bars) Standard error of means, e 0 1-3 4-6 Base 5/7 11 4 6 1.9 0.8 +0.1 wt% Cu 3/6 12 3 3 1.1 0.6 +0.2 wt% Cu 3/6 9 3 6 2.1 1.0 Figure 2: Plot of mean hot crack rating and standard error for the Al-Mg-Si alloy as a function of Cu.
The proportion of bars cracked, as well as the number of faces with individual crack ratings of zero, 1-3 or 4-6 are given, together with the mean values and standard error of means for each alloy variant.
Hot tearing is a complex phenomenon and there are multiple factors which can contribute to the incidence of hot tearing, including casting parameters, grain refiner level, sodium impurity and alloy effects.
One advantage of the use of the hot tear rig compared to an analysis of plant data, is that particular effects can be isolated and tested using a limited number of trials.

Materials and Method Ti-hydride (TiH2) powders with grain size of 150 µm under (Sumitomo Titanium Co., Amagasaki, Japan), commercial available pure (> 99.5%) titanium wires with a diameter of 0.6 mm (TI-451414: Nilaco Co., Tokyo, Japan) were used as materials for experiment.
Then, number of released hydrogen molecules (H2) from the standard material should be 5 x 10 15.
Here, M is the atomic mass unit of hydrogen molecule (2 g), A0 is Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10 23 amu/g), W is the mass of the sample.
N is the number of the released hydrogen molecules from the sample.
Integrated value of ion intensity curve from room temperature to 1000o C, was compared with the reference data, and 1.1 x 10 17 for 10 mg was calculated for number of the released hydrogen molecules from the sample A.

The difference of FLP to Laser annealing is the longer annealing time in the msec Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 2 range, the use of incoherent high intensity light sources and the advantageous possibility to anneal the wafer with one shot!
Also it allows the heating of bulk Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 SiC substrates up to ~2000°C [3].
a) b) c) d) e) Si-melt Si-melt Non-melted SiC 3C-SiC Si-melt Initial Configuration Si Fig. 2 Schematic of the FLASiC/I-FLASiC processing Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 4 In this approach heteroepitaxially grown SiC seed layers (see above, central) are treated in the described Flash lamp annealer just described before.
Finally the catalytic layer as-deposited flashed 5x1011 cm-2 5x1011 cm-2 1x1011 cm-2 2x1010 cm-2 3x1010 cm-2 Defect density Defect density Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 system has to be removed (e) and thicker epitaxial SiC layers can be grown on top of the well annealed SiC layer.
These large and flat grains support the growth of the thick epi-layers with reduced defect density.

On the present Congress 75% of the total number of papers are relevant to PMC and PCC, compare to the ASPIC almost 60% with dominant PMC in both cases.
While using the Microsoft Academic Search Machine, which has indexed 38 million publications and 18 million authors, it could be emphasised that in Building Material area until 2009 the number of publications exceeded number of citations (Fig. 1).
Table 2 Defining research area (number of papers: ICPIC 2013/ASPIC 2013) Material objects % RESEARCH GOALS – ICPIC/ASPIC Material microstructure Use of by-product Particular performance/particular phenomena/ application Modification/ control performance Construction design Repairing/ Adhesion Test methods Life time/ durability Recycling Nanotech Hydration curing ICPIC ASPIC C-PC PMC 48 36 2/1 8/4 13/3 1/1 9/9 1/0 PCC 27 20 2/2 3/2 5/11 3/11 0/8 4/2 0/1 1/1 1/1 1/0 PC 15 11 0/1 2/3 7/7 0/7 2/2 0/1 1/4 0/3 PIC 1 1 1 0/1 0/5 0/1 x Others 9 7 1/3 5/12 0/16 0/8 0/3 0/2 0/1 0/1 Figure 1 Cumulative number of publications (1) and citations (2) on building materials vs.
Li, Some Aspects about Absorption of Polymer on Cement Grain, Proc. of the 14th ICPIC, Shanghai, 2013 [23] I.

There are a large number of traditional communities in the heart of the old town, most of which are independent traditional courtyard-style shaped in Northern Hainan Island.
Dismantling the city to expand the streets during the Republican period, a considerable number of buildings overhang were converted in situ.
After several years, the traditional resident of northern Hainan behind the buildings overhang have experienced a number of renovation, alteration or reconstruction. 3.
The building density in the block is great, and a large number of houses are years old with a worrying status quo.
Protection can reflect the whole space scale of landscape features in this area, and extent the historical development grain of the city.

The hardness of alumina reinforcement is much higher than the hardness of the Al A356 matrix, with the increasing number of alumina reinforcement volume fraction then hardness properties of composite will increase as well.
The 2% volume fraction of alumina shown Fig. 4 appeared to have a less uniform dispersion of alumina, then the volume fraction of 15% alumina, Fig. 4 (f), seen a number of alumina agglomeration occurs.
While on spot 2, contains the numbers O dominant weight fraction, along with Al and Mg.
Dhaneswara, Characteristics of ADC12/Nano Al2O3 composites with Addition of Ti Produced By Stir Casting Method, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Vol.33 Number (2017)
Zulfia, The Mechanical Properties of Al2O3-Reinforced Aluminum A356 with Grain Refiner Al-5Ti-1B Fabricated Using The Stir Casting Method, International Journal of Technology 8 (2017) 1489-1497

Full details of the procedure used can be found in [3] and with a large grain size and homogenous dislocation density reliable results can be expected with this approach [2,4].
Measurements of the T1 plates’ size distributions obtained from STEM-HAADF images and results for the average plate diameter and number density with pre-strain are also shown in Fig. 3 (c & d).
Overall, this data indicates a reduction in plate diameter with pre-strain, a narrowing of the size distribution, and a corresponding increase in precipitate number density, that continued to the high pre-strain levels investigated in this study.
Fig.3 Effect of pre-strain on T1 phase refinement; (a) and (b) STEM-HAADF images in the T8 condition for 3% and 15% pre-strains, respectively, (c) evolution of the average plate diameter and number density with increasing pre-strain, and (d) size distributions of the precipitates with a 3% and 15% pre-stretch.
As discussed by Dorin et al. [1], although refinement causes a higher number density of precipitates which increases the statistical interactions with dislocations, with a constant plate thickness and volume fraction, this is outweighed by the larger effect that reducing the plate diameter has on obstacle strength.

Quartz sand with a maximum grain size of 2.5 mm was used as an aggregate.
However this mixture had larger number of AE events compared to the other.
Small numbers of large cracks occurred in specimen matrix with 2% of SRA, which corresponded to the number of AE events.
From the point of view of energy, previous results confirmed that the specimen with admixture 2% of SRA was the softest and therefore the least cohesive, whereas a large number of small cracks are formed structure with 2% of PEG 1000.
Mean values of selected parameters obtained from acoustic emission measurements (coefficient of variation in %)   REF PEG 1000_1 PEG 1000_2 PPG_1 PPG_2 SRA_1 SRA_2 Number of AE events [-] 38.0 (7.4) 36.0 (9.0) 71.0 (12.9) 30.0 (8.0) 31.0 (9.0) 27.0 (7.8) 14.0 (4.2) Duration of AE signals [ms] 1755 (3.7) 1905 (3.8) 1833 (3.4) 1935 (4.9) 1863 (3.8) 1858 (5.8) 2450 (6.9) Amplitude of AE signals [mV] 2983 (2.5) 2820 (1.7) 2744 (1.8) 2856 (2.5) 2984 (2.5) 2918 (2.1) 3320 (2.2) Energy of AE signals [mV·s] 40.9 (1.1) 38.3 (7.0) 84.6 (4.4) 53.1 (1.2) 39.7 (8.3) 44.8 (2.4) 14.3 (0.7) Shrinkage.

Preliminary evaluation is an important tool for reducing the number of laboratory trials often expensive and time consuming.
This preliminary theoretical evaluation represents an important tool for drastically reducing the number of trials needed to verify the refractory performance under a variety of conditions given by cycling working temperatures and different slag compositions depending, in turn, on the variability of coal feedstock.
From ZrO2-SiO2 grains, silica dissolves into the slag while ZrO2 reaches very soon the saturation point of the slag without dissolving.