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Online since: January 2011
Authors: G.J. Shyju, S. Dawn Dharma Roy, C. Sanjeeviraja
This might be caused by an increase in grain size and/or decrease in residual stress.
The average grains size is about 55 nm.
Smooth amorphous IZO film becomes roughened by growing grains during heating above 300 0C.
With the substrate temperature increasing from 50 0C to300 0C, the crystal quality gets better, and the grain size increases from 14 to 29 nm.
Films deposited at low molar concentration show well-defined grains; however, high molar concentrations lead to a more uniform and smoother surface.
The average grains size is about 55 nm.
Smooth amorphous IZO film becomes roughened by growing grains during heating above 300 0C.
With the substrate temperature increasing from 50 0C to300 0C, the crystal quality gets better, and the grain size increases from 14 to 29 nm.
Films deposited at low molar concentration show well-defined grains; however, high molar concentrations lead to a more uniform and smoother surface.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Bin Yang, Qi Lin Zhang
Thus, the standard form of PSO could be denoted as:
(1)
(2)
where is called inertia weighting factor and used to better control the scope of the search, R1 and R2 are two independent random numbers selected in each step according to a uniform distribution in a given interval [0,1] and C1 and C2 are two constants which are equal to 2 in this standard version.
The random number was multiplied by 2 to give it a mean of 1, so that particles would “overshoot” the target about half the time.
One approach to reduce the elapsed time is to make use of coarse-grained parallelization to evaluate the design points.
Furthermore, this part of the computational work is scalable, i.e. increasing the number of particles will cause the amount of evaluations to increase proportionally.
In this approach, PSO searches the real number space to determine the new position of each particle.
The random number was multiplied by 2 to give it a mean of 1, so that particles would “overshoot” the target about half the time.
One approach to reduce the elapsed time is to make use of coarse-grained parallelization to evaluate the design points.
Furthermore, this part of the computational work is scalable, i.e. increasing the number of particles will cause the amount of evaluations to increase proportionally.
In this approach, PSO searches the real number space to determine the new position of each particle.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Xue Gui, Xiu Shan Wang, Bao Yin Li
Tab.4 Results of Rutting Test and Moisture Test
Program
SMA13
SMA10
Dynamic Stability
/time•mm-1
water stability/%
Dynamic Stability
/ time•mm-1
water stability/%
60℃
70℃
MS0
TSR
60℃
70℃
MS0
TSR
A
12448
9646
93.4
93.1
10725
6270
92.0
91.9
B
10047
8052
91.0
89.1
7418
4755
93.6
88.0
C
8288
8016
94.7
93.7
7056
4842
96.7
89.0
D
7468
6538
78.7
86.1
6801
4468
95.2
86.9
Tab.5 Results of Beam Fatigue Test
Program
Load frequency
/ 10000
The destruction
position
Converted the actual fatigue number
/ 10000
Design
requirements
/10000
Meet the Request
A
6.5575
the top of
Stiffening rib
467.3
300
yes
B
5.0685
the top of
Stiffening rib
361.3
yes
C
3.2066
the top of
Stiffening rib
228.6
no
D
1.6313
the top of
Stiffening rib
116.3
no
From the above pavement performance results can be seen, A program has a very good anti-rutting performance in a high temperature section, comparing with the results of B program, it is clear that A program of the anti-rutting agent has played an important
Allowable tensile stress of pavement structural layer materials analysis in the light of the existing asphalt pavement design specification methods, for the relationships among allowable tensile stress of Asphalt Concrete Surface Materials σR, Materials splitting strength σsp and the cumulative number of Equivalent Axle Load are as follows 1[11]： （1） Where: Ks --tensile structural strength coefficient; Aa--the asphalt concrete gradation coefficient, steel deck pavement materials, for fine-grained asphalt concrete, so check 1.0; Ac--road Level coefficient, steel bridge normally used for key traffic sections, so check 1.0.
Tab.7 Calculated tensile strength and restored safe strength of plan A The number of cumulative*107 Ks Calculation of splitting Strength σsp ,/MPa The actual splitting strength σsp /MPa N = σsp/σsp, 1 3.12 0.44 1.71 3.89 2 3.63 0.51 1.71 3.34 4 4.23 0.60 1.71 2.86 8 4.93 0.70 1.71 2.46 Tab.8 calculated tensile strength and restored safe strength of plan B The number of cumulative*107 Ks Calculation of splitting Strength σ sp /MPa The actual splitting strength σ sp /MPa N = σ sp/σsp, 1 3.12 0.43 1.62 3.76 2 3.63 0.50 1.62 3.23 4 4.23 0.58 1.62 2.77 8 4.93 0.68 1.62 2.38 Contrast the A, B programs calculation results of the allowable tensile stress, we can see the two paving programs for calculation of splitting Strength were less than the actual splitting strength, and still have a high safety reserve strength value N, fully meet the design requirement; Contrast A, B results, A program is a little better than B program.
Allowable tensile stress of pavement structural layer materials analysis in the light of the existing asphalt pavement design specification methods, for the relationships among allowable tensile stress of Asphalt Concrete Surface Materials σR, Materials splitting strength σsp and the cumulative number of Equivalent Axle Load are as follows 1[11]： （1） Where: Ks --tensile structural strength coefficient; Aa--the asphalt concrete gradation coefficient, steel deck pavement materials, for fine-grained asphalt concrete, so check 1.0; Ac--road Level coefficient, steel bridge normally used for key traffic sections, so check 1.0.
Tab.7 Calculated tensile strength and restored safe strength of plan A The number of cumulative*107 Ks Calculation of splitting Strength σsp ,/MPa The actual splitting strength σsp /MPa N = σsp/σsp, 1 3.12 0.44 1.71 3.89 2 3.63 0.51 1.71 3.34 4 4.23 0.60 1.71 2.86 8 4.93 0.70 1.71 2.46 Tab.8 calculated tensile strength and restored safe strength of plan B The number of cumulative*107 Ks Calculation of splitting Strength σ sp /MPa The actual splitting strength σ sp /MPa N = σ sp/σsp, 1 3.12 0.43 1.62 3.76 2 3.63 0.50 1.62 3.23 4 4.23 0.58 1.62 2.77 8 4.93 0.68 1.62 2.38 Contrast the A, B programs calculation results of the allowable tensile stress, we can see the two paving programs for calculation of splitting Strength were less than the actual splitting strength, and still have a high safety reserve strength value N, fully meet the design requirement; Contrast A, B results, A program is a little better than B program.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Shu Feng Wang, Kai Yi Wang, Xin Jiang Wang
When the agro-materials are produced, the manufacturer will generate a unique barcode number for each unit.
This barcode number includes standard commodity barcode and producing information.
Standard commodity barcode number would be compatible with EAN13 standard that includes vendor ID (7-8 digits) and commodity item code (4-5 digits).
Producing information includes product batch, serial number and the corresponding date of manufacturing and expiration date.
Fine-grained item identification makes the traceability more complete.
This barcode number includes standard commodity barcode and producing information.
Standard commodity barcode number would be compatible with EAN13 standard that includes vendor ID (7-8 digits) and commodity item code (4-5 digits).
Producing information includes product batch, serial number and the corresponding date of manufacturing and expiration date.
Fine-grained item identification makes the traceability more complete.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yang Ji Wei, Li Li Yang, Ying Ping Liang, Jing Ming Li
An electronic nose (E-nose) has great potentials in terms of food quality control, to a certain extent, and the E-nose outputting a greater number of chemical species through sensor can replace the traditional standard chemical-analysis approach.
Many investigations have been reported regarding the use of the E-nose for the testing of food items, such as differentiation and classification in meat[20], tobaccos[21], cheese[22], tea [23], grains [24-25], fish [26], fruits[27-29], milk flavorings [30]and others.
Table 2 Response feature of the sensor array in PEN 3 Number in Array Sensor’s name Objects/substances used for sensing MOS1 W1C Aromatic compounds MOS2 W5S Very sensitive, broad range of sensitivity, react on nitrogen oxides, very sensitive with negative signal MOS3 W3C Ammonia, used as sensor for aromatic compounds MOS4 W6S Mainly hydrogen, selective (breath gases) MOS5 W5C Alkenes, aromatic compounds, less polar compounds MOS6 W1S Sensitive to methane over a broad range MOS7 W1W Reacts with sulphur compounds, sensitive to many terpenes and sulphur-containing organic compounds, which are important for smell, limonene, pyridine MOS8 W2S Detects alcohols, partially aromatic compounds, broad range MOS9 W2W Aromatic compounds, sulphur-containing organic compounds MOS10 W3S Reacts at high concentrations, sometimes very selective (methane) Dimensionality reduction - Principal component analysis Principal component analysis (PCA) is the predominant linear dimensionality-reduction, and it
is considered a sophisticated technique that is achieved by carrying out a covariance analysis between factors by explaining the correlation amongst a large number of variables (digitized chromatograms and spectra) in terms of a smaller number of underlying factors (principal components or PCs) without losing much information.
Many investigations have been reported regarding the use of the E-nose for the testing of food items, such as differentiation and classification in meat[20], tobaccos[21], cheese[22], tea [23], grains [24-25], fish [26], fruits[27-29], milk flavorings [30]and others.
Table 2 Response feature of the sensor array in PEN 3 Number in Array Sensor’s name Objects/substances used for sensing MOS1 W1C Aromatic compounds MOS2 W5S Very sensitive, broad range of sensitivity, react on nitrogen oxides, very sensitive with negative signal MOS3 W3C Ammonia, used as sensor for aromatic compounds MOS4 W6S Mainly hydrogen, selective (breath gases) MOS5 W5C Alkenes, aromatic compounds, less polar compounds MOS6 W1S Sensitive to methane over a broad range MOS7 W1W Reacts with sulphur compounds, sensitive to many terpenes and sulphur-containing organic compounds, which are important for smell, limonene, pyridine MOS8 W2S Detects alcohols, partially aromatic compounds, broad range MOS9 W2W Aromatic compounds, sulphur-containing organic compounds MOS10 W3S Reacts at high concentrations, sometimes very selective (methane) Dimensionality reduction - Principal component analysis Principal component analysis (PCA) is the predominant linear dimensionality-reduction, and it
is considered a sophisticated technique that is achieved by carrying out a covariance analysis between factors by explaining the correlation amongst a large number of variables (digitized chromatograms and spectra) in terms of a smaller number of underlying factors (principal components or PCs) without losing much information.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: Yulia Efimova, V.L. Steblyanko, Anton P. Ponomarev
A number of units and laboratory facilities are created in the Laboratory of layered composites and coatings:
1.
High operational properties of coatings formed by plasma-electrolytic method are confirmed by a number of other authors [3, 16-18].
The authors note that the coatings are characterized by increased roughness and homogeneous structure with uniformly distributed spherical grains.
Along with the above it has been determined a number of other operational properties associated with high values of bonding strength to the substrate and density of plasma-electrolytic coatings.
This index is equal to the number of 1-minute immersions of the sample in the solution until areas covered by copper is emerged that are not removed after wiping with cotton or rag.
High operational properties of coatings formed by plasma-electrolytic method are confirmed by a number of other authors [3, 16-18].
The authors note that the coatings are characterized by increased roughness and homogeneous structure with uniformly distributed spherical grains.
Along with the above it has been determined a number of other operational properties associated with high values of bonding strength to the substrate and density of plasma-electrolytic coatings.
This index is equal to the number of 1-minute immersions of the sample in the solution until areas covered by copper is emerged that are not removed after wiping with cotton or rag.
Online since: August 2006
Authors: Lars Gunnar Johansson, Jan Erik Svensson, C. Pettersson
Issues connected to the high temperature corrosion of superheater alloys in chlorine-containing
environments have been addressed in a number of laboratory studies [2,3].
The network of dark lines corresponds to the alloy grain boundaries.
The particles are large and few in number and exhibit well-developed facets.
The small number of particles with well-developed crystalline shape implies that potassium chromate formation in the presence of KCl(g) is comparatively slow.
In contrast, on the downstream parts of the surface the number of chromate particles increases with exposure time.
The network of dark lines corresponds to the alloy grain boundaries.
The particles are large and few in number and exhibit well-developed facets.
The small number of particles with well-developed crystalline shape implies that potassium chromate formation in the presence of KCl(g) is comparatively slow.
In contrast, on the downstream parts of the surface the number of chromate particles increases with exposure time.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Renaud de Richter, Wolfgang Francke, Oswald Petersen, Janning Petersen
Research will have to cover a large number of scientific fields and will therefore ask for specialized as well as cross-disciplinary thinking.
Output power and wind effects: The output power of a SWiPP depends on a number of factors including solar radiation, the size of the collector, the height and diameter of the tower and the efficiency of the turbines in use.
The variables, equations and design principles have been described in detail by a number of authors [[]J.
The main standards and guidelines that where applied for the calculations are the following: - DIN 1055-1 Action on structures - Part 1: Densities and weights of building materials structural elements and stored materials - DIN 1055-3 Action on structures - Part 3: Self-weight and imposed load in building - DIN 1055-4 Action on structures - Part 4: Wind loads - DIN 1055-100 Actions on structures - Part 100: Basis of design safety concept and design rules - DIN 18800-1 - Steel Structures - Design and Construction - DIN 18800-2 - Steel structures - Part 2: Stability - Safety against buckling of linear members and frames The steel quality used is: fine grained steel S 355, S 460 and prestressing steel 1470 PST The construction is divided into three levels: first vertical support members; second horizontal ring stiffeners and third diagonal tension rods.
Bonnelle, Solar chimney, water spraying energy tower, and linked renewable energy conversion devices: presentation, criticism and proposals, Doctoral thesis, Registration Number: 129-2004, University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France, 2004. ].
Output power and wind effects: The output power of a SWiPP depends on a number of factors including solar radiation, the size of the collector, the height and diameter of the tower and the efficiency of the turbines in use.
The variables, equations and design principles have been described in detail by a number of authors [[]J.
The main standards and guidelines that where applied for the calculations are the following: - DIN 1055-1 Action on structures - Part 1: Densities and weights of building materials structural elements and stored materials - DIN 1055-3 Action on structures - Part 3: Self-weight and imposed load in building - DIN 1055-4 Action on structures - Part 4: Wind loads - DIN 1055-100 Actions on structures - Part 100: Basis of design safety concept and design rules - DIN 18800-1 - Steel Structures - Design and Construction - DIN 18800-2 - Steel structures - Part 2: Stability - Safety against buckling of linear members and frames The steel quality used is: fine grained steel S 355, S 460 and prestressing steel 1470 PST The construction is divided into three levels: first vertical support members; second horizontal ring stiffeners and third diagonal tension rods.
Bonnelle, Solar chimney, water spraying energy tower, and linked renewable energy conversion devices: presentation, criticism and proposals, Doctoral thesis, Registration Number: 129-2004, University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France, 2004. ].
Online since: July 2020
Authors: Wan Maisarah Mukhtar, Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid, Siti Nadiah Latib, Razman Mohd Halim
The mechanical swipe-off technique was performed by swiping the outer area of 3cm length of fiber’s cladding using a small grain size P800-grit sand paper (Brand:Nor-X) to form the unclad area as depicted in Fig.1(a).
The increment of swiping number resulted smaller diameter of fiber’s cladding.
Fig.4 illustrates the linear relationship between diameter of cladding against number of swiping that had been applied on the fiber’s cladding.
Higher number of swiping produced smaller diameter of cladding as shown in Fig. 4(a).
It is noteworthy to highlight that the increment of swiping number resulted greater optical absorbance.
The increment of swiping number resulted smaller diameter of fiber’s cladding.
Fig.4 illustrates the linear relationship between diameter of cladding against number of swiping that had been applied on the fiber’s cladding.
Higher number of swiping produced smaller diameter of cladding as shown in Fig. 4(a).
It is noteworthy to highlight that the increment of swiping number resulted greater optical absorbance.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Xiao Chu Wang, Ying Li, Yi Peng Wang, Lei Fu
Intorduction
Our country produce a large number of waste tires every year and in the trend of increasing year by year, rubber industry and others can consume only a small part.
Afterwards, if asphalt content continues increasing, over much asphalt will push away mineral aggregate grain and conform” free asphalt” integrating from particle to mineral powder.
The friction coefficient result of test road on-site is shown in Table 10 Table8 The compaction on-site result of degree location Stake number Thickness (cm) Weight in the air(g) Weight in the water(g) Volume of specimen(cm3) Density of specimen(g/cm3) degree of compaction(%) Left range K1+500 5.5 1043.7 620.8 422.9 2.468 98.5 K1+600 3.8 784.9 466.9 318.0 2.468 98.5 K1+700 4.1 847.1 503.0 344.1 2.462 98.1 K1+810 5.8 1157.0 692.3 464.7 2.490 100.0 K1+940 3.9 729.5 431.7 297.8 2.450 98.8 K2+020 4.2 802.6 472.3 330.3 2.430 98.0 K2+120 4.5 852.0 503.8 348.2 2.447 98.8 K2+220 4.1 765.1 448.7 316.4 2.418 97.5 K2+320 5.5 1068.7 634.5 434.2 2.461 99.2 K2+400 4.4 820.1 488.4 331.7 2.472 99.7 K2+520 4.0 784.1 462.2 321.9 2.436 98.4 K2+640 4.0 763.1 453.1 310.0 2.462 99.3 K2+740 5.6 1046.8 618.3 428.5 2.440 98.4 K2+800 4.1 778.6 462.7 315.9 2.465 99.4 Right range K1+550 4.3 872.0 521.8 350.2 2.490 99.2 K1+750 4.0 747.2 446.3 300.9 2.483 98.9 K1+800 3.7 670.2 398.3 271.9 2.465 98.2 K1+804 4.2
765.3 453.8 311.5 2.457 99.2 K1+900 4.1 719.5 430.4 289.1 2.489 100.0 K2+000 4.0 776.4 461.3 315.1 2.464 99.2 K2+100 4.0 778.6 463.2 315.4 2.469 99.6 K2+200 4.4 953.7 568.8 384.9 2.478 100.0 K2+300 3.7 722.0 428.2 293.8 2.457 99.2 K2+400 4.1 569.8 339.9 229.9 2.478 99.6 K2+500 3.8 893.6 530.3 363.3 2.460 98.8 K2+600 5.0 897.8 518.5 359.3 2.499 100.0 K2+680 4.0 814.7 487.0 327.7 2.486 100.0 K2+750 5.0 1033.5 619.7 413.8 2.498 100.0 Table9 The result of structure depth Stake number The first time The second time The third time The Average of TC D TC D TC D TC Right range K1+500 22 0.66 22 0.66 22 0.66 0.66 K1+650 21 0.72 22 0.66 22 0.66 0.68 K1+900 20 0.8 21 0.72 20 0.8 0.77 K2+100 21 0.72 19 0.88 22 0.66 0.75 K2+300 20 0.8 20 0.8 22 0.66 0.75 K2+500 22 0.66 21 0.72 22 0.66 0.68 K2+700 21 0.72 22 0.66 22 0.66 0.68 Left range K1+500 21 0.72 20 0.8 20 0.8 0.77 K1+700 21 0.72 21 0.7 21 0.72 0.71 K1+940 20 0.8 20 0.8 22 0.66 0.75 K2+120 21 0.72 22 0.66 22 0.66 0.68 K2+320 23 0.6 23 0.6 22
0.66 0.62 K2+520 21 0.72 22 0.66 22 0.66 0.68 K2+720 20 0.8 20 0.8 22 0.66 0.75 Table10 The result of friction coefficient Stake number Measured value friction coefficient Fb.20 Left range K1+500 60 63 65 66 63 0.64 K1+700 62 63 62 62 62 0.62 K1+940 83 83 82 84 8 0.83 K2+120 83 82 84 85 85 0.84 K2+320 86 85 83 85 84 0.85 K2+520 86 86 85 86 86 0.86 K2+720 83 82 83 82 82 0.82 Right range K1+500 64 65 66 65 65 0.65 K1+650 65 65 65 64 65 0.65 K1+900 82 82 84 80 82 0.82 K2+100 85 86 85 87 88 0.86 K2+300 86 84 82 84 84 0.80 K2+500 82 82 84 86 84 0.84 K2+700 86 84 86 84 86 0.85 4 Conclusions From the technical target indoor of crumb modified asphalt mixtures and test road performance of asphalt mixtures on-site we can learn that: The increasing of asphalt-aggregate ratio in Mixtures on-site indicates that the dose of asphalt in practical construction increase.
Afterwards, if asphalt content continues increasing, over much asphalt will push away mineral aggregate grain and conform” free asphalt” integrating from particle to mineral powder.
The friction coefficient result of test road on-site is shown in Table 10 Table8 The compaction on-site result of degree location Stake number Thickness (cm) Weight in the air(g) Weight in the water(g) Volume of specimen(cm3) Density of specimen(g/cm3) degree of compaction(%) Left range K1+500 5.5 1043.7 620.8 422.9 2.468 98.5 K1+600 3.8 784.9 466.9 318.0 2.468 98.5 K1+700 4.1 847.1 503.0 344.1 2.462 98.1 K1+810 5.8 1157.0 692.3 464.7 2.490 100.0 K1+940 3.9 729.5 431.7 297.8 2.450 98.8 K2+020 4.2 802.6 472.3 330.3 2.430 98.0 K2+120 4.5 852.0 503.8 348.2 2.447 98.8 K2+220 4.1 765.1 448.7 316.4 2.418 97.5 K2+320 5.5 1068.7 634.5 434.2 2.461 99.2 K2+400 4.4 820.1 488.4 331.7 2.472 99.7 K2+520 4.0 784.1 462.2 321.9 2.436 98.4 K2+640 4.0 763.1 453.1 310.0 2.462 99.3 K2+740 5.6 1046.8 618.3 428.5 2.440 98.4 K2+800 4.1 778.6 462.7 315.9 2.465 99.4 Right range K1+550 4.3 872.0 521.8 350.2 2.490 99.2 K1+750 4.0 747.2 446.3 300.9 2.483 98.9 K1+800 3.7 670.2 398.3 271.9 2.465 98.2 K1+804 4.2
765.3 453.8 311.5 2.457 99.2 K1+900 4.1 719.5 430.4 289.1 2.489 100.0 K2+000 4.0 776.4 461.3 315.1 2.464 99.2 K2+100 4.0 778.6 463.2 315.4 2.469 99.6 K2+200 4.4 953.7 568.8 384.9 2.478 100.0 K2+300 3.7 722.0 428.2 293.8 2.457 99.2 K2+400 4.1 569.8 339.9 229.9 2.478 99.6 K2+500 3.8 893.6 530.3 363.3 2.460 98.8 K2+600 5.0 897.8 518.5 359.3 2.499 100.0 K2+680 4.0 814.7 487.0 327.7 2.486 100.0 K2+750 5.0 1033.5 619.7 413.8 2.498 100.0 Table9 The result of structure depth Stake number The first time The second time The third time The Average of TC D TC D TC D TC Right range K1+500 22 0.66 22 0.66 22 0.66 0.66 K1+650 21 0.72 22 0.66 22 0.66 0.68 K1+900 20 0.8 21 0.72 20 0.8 0.77 K2+100 21 0.72 19 0.88 22 0.66 0.75 K2+300 20 0.8 20 0.8 22 0.66 0.75 K2+500 22 0.66 21 0.72 22 0.66 0.68 K2+700 21 0.72 22 0.66 22 0.66 0.68 Left range K1+500 21 0.72 20 0.8 20 0.8 0.77 K1+700 21 0.72 21 0.7 21 0.72 0.71 K1+940 20 0.8 20 0.8 22 0.66 0.75 K2+120 21 0.72 22 0.66 22 0.66 0.68 K2+320 23 0.6 23 0.6 22
0.66 0.62 K2+520 21 0.72 22 0.66 22 0.66 0.68 K2+720 20 0.8 20 0.8 22 0.66 0.75 Table10 The result of friction coefficient Stake number Measured value friction coefficient Fb.20 Left range K1+500 60 63 65 66 63 0.64 K1+700 62 63 62 62 62 0.62 K1+940 83 83 82 84 8 0.83 K2+120 83 82 84 85 85 0.84 K2+320 86 85 83 85 84 0.85 K2+520 86 86 85 86 86 0.86 K2+720 83 82 83 82 82 0.82 Right range K1+500 64 65 66 65 65 0.65 K1+650 65 65 65 64 65 0.65 K1+900 82 82 84 80 82 0.82 K2+100 85 86 85 87 88 0.86 K2+300 86 84 82 84 84 0.80 K2+500 82 82 84 86 84 0.84 K2+700 86 84 86 84 86 0.85 4 Conclusions From the technical target indoor of crumb modified asphalt mixtures and test road performance of asphalt mixtures on-site we can learn that: The increasing of asphalt-aggregate ratio in Mixtures on-site indicates that the dose of asphalt in practical construction increase.