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(1) It is considered that micro cracks correspond to cementite on prior austenite grain boundaries.
The prior austenite grain size was 17mm.
(Unit: mm) Numbers in the table indicate stress concentration factors.
(Unit: mm) Numbers in the table indicate stress concentration factors.

The angle of inclination was determined at which a joint of the highest quality was produced, having the least number of defects.
The inclination angle was determined, at which a joint of the highest quality was produced having the least number of defects.
The smallest number of pores was observed in downhill welding at the angle of inclination being 60°.
The number of emergency shutdowns differs for different weld positions.
Lesyk, Laser sintering of abrasive layers with inclusions of cubic boron nitride grains, Lasers Manuf.

Based on above analysis, average size, volume fraction and number density of spherical phases are also calculated, the results are shown in Table 2.
Correspondingly, the number density is 6.07×1021.
Average size, volume and number density were indicated.
(3) Al₃(Sc,Zr,Y) phase had a dense distribution and a size range of 6-13nm, the average size, volume fraction and number density were 9.0nm, 0.38% and 6.07×1021, respectively
Influence of grain size on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys.

Hardness measurements were carried out on specimens prepared from 356 and 319 alloys in the as-cast and heat-treated conditions, using different combinations of grain refining, Sr-modification, and alloying additions.
Also, TiB2 refines grain size and reduces pore size, which improves the mechanical properties. [[] S.
After the parameters and the values input into the software (MINITAB 14), a DOE model will be automatically generated with specific number of runs coupled with specific parametric settings.

It generally is used to describe processes and objects that occur between a fraction of a nanometer and hundreds of nanometers; in biology, this range includes a number of molecules of interest, including DNA, which has a width of approximately 2 nm in its typical "double helix" state [1].
Weihong Tan et al. [40] used aptamer-labeled magnetic nanoparticles to collect and detect small numbers of leukemia cells in whole blood and separating them from other cells in a magnetic field.
Lidke and Rieger et al. [48] derived relationships for the minimum uncertainty in an anisotropy measurement based on the number of total collected photons and used quantitative methods for the acquisition and image processing of anisotropy data that return the expected error of the anisotropy per pixel based on photon statistics.
Although an increasing number of praiseworthy efforts in applying computational methods to biomedical nanotechnology, the field is still very much in its infancy.
Klein, Computational approaches to nanobiotechnology: probing the interaction of synthetic molecules with phospholipid bilayers via a coarse grain model, Nanotechnol. 15 (2004) 1289-1295

When the bonding temperature rises, the diffusion flux gradually increases as a result of increasing the diffusion coefficient , so increasing the atomics number of Ti and Al which is participate in diffusion reaction, leading to increased diffusion reaction products, which is in the same holding time
(2) Determined by the crystal structure of the diffusion coefficient of Al is larger than the diffusion coefficient of Ti, Al atom diffusion rate is greater than Ti atoms, so it will form a certain number of vacancies in the Al side, which Ti atoms across the grain boundaries, filling the vacancy.
But the diffusion reaction layer is very small in this experiment, and its widest point is only 924nm, according to resistance formula: R = ρL / S, where L is the number of class 10-6, 10-6 that resistance is orders of magnitude, even if the resistivity of the alloyed layer increases, its seems negligible to the overall resistance of the composite material.

For benefit of percolation, there are several treatments of concentration transitions from the SmA phase in elastomers, given in [4,7] based on X-ray experiments and estimations in frames of the coarse-grained modeling and speculations on the replica approach.
Then from the expression , (1) we have, that an even number of the plaquettes must be frustrated in a cube c, and the complexes of dual (d−2)-cells to the frustrated plaquettes can not end in any cube.
(4) Here pij are winding numbers lengthwise a loop, and mean phases in given lattice sites.denotes the integral over the link variables.
Coulomb interactions between currents and monopoles are straight to the linking number of currents.

Although not as widely known or understood as other NDE techniques, microwave NDE has proven to be very useful in certain applications because of a number of advantages.
Microwave signals can penetrate deep inside low-conductivity dielectric materials and interact with their inner structure without suffering from high attenuation due to the grain size of a composite material .
Schematic representation for a medium consisting of a layer of dielectric plate and a layer of delaminating, all backed by a conduction plate Electric field expressions in each layer are given by the following expressions, respectively (subscripts i and r denote incident and reflected fields, n represents the layer number): By applying boundary conditions and solving the equations, the reflection coefficient Г and its phase Φ at the sensor aperture can be written as Where, Where, n=-1,1,2,3; , , , are the phase constant , the characteristic impedance, the equivalent impedance and the permittivity of the nth layer, respectively.
When the standoff distance is equal to the whole number times of half wavelength, this frequency is sensitive frequency.

The influence of hydrogen on metals and welded joints is the subject of number of studies [2-4].
A large number of factors affect the diffusible hydrogen amount in a welded joint.
Among other factors, which can change the concentration and the distribution of hydrogen in joint, is the number of beads which seem to be essential [6].
[5] PN-EN ISO 17632:2011 Welding consumables - Tubular cored electrodes for gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Classification

Fig. 1 The curve of grain-size cumulative distribution of tailings It could be seen from the Fig. 1 that particle size of tailings less than 25μm accounted for 56.7% and less than 75μm accounted for 78.7%, the tailings of Daye mine belonged to extremely fine ones.
It could be seen from Fig. 6(b) that a large number of rod AFT and fibrous C-S-H were generated during the beginning period of hydration reaction.
The hydration products were mainly consisted of acicular and rod AFt as well as a small number of lump Ca(OH)2 and fibrous C-S-H, hydrates didn’t yet fully crystallized into the crystalline hydrates.
Hydrates were mainly distributed in the pores and the main products were needle-like AFt and fibrous C-S-H and some times there was a small number of blocky Ca(OH)2 among them. however ,when the age was 28d, the hydration reaction was in the late period, the needle-like AFt were less, other wise, the floc C-S-H and platy Ca(OH)2 were more.