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Online since: January 2010
Authors: Heikki Martikka, Ilkka Pöllänen
Overheating test made a discontinuous yielding knee to appear caused probably by
dissolution of carbon containing smaller phases but the overall strength and ductility are not
affected.
With no weak ones the statistical factor gives 0.62/0.8 =0.78.
Hirth: The Influence of Grain boundaries on mechanical properties, Met.Trans.Vol.3, 1972 [5] O.H.Wyatt, Dew-Hughes: Metals, Ceramics and Polymers, Cambridge, 1974
With no weak ones the statistical factor gives 0.62/0.8 =0.78.
Hirth: The Influence of Grain boundaries on mechanical properties, Met.Trans.Vol.3, 1972 [5] O.H.Wyatt, Dew-Hughes: Metals, Ceramics and Polymers, Cambridge, 1974
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Ioan George Oswald, Simona Cavalu, Adrian Bumbu, Ciprian Brisc, Vlad Silviu, Éva Todoruț, Pop Ovidiu
Lithotriptors are designed to produce a powerful acoustic field that results in two mechanical forces with respect to the tissue:
1. direct stress associated with the high amplitude shock wave and
2. stresses and microjets associated with the growth and violent collapse of cavitation bubbles.
The local pressure and temperature are factors that determine the dissolution of substances within environment in which their action take place.
Enrichment distilled water with 10% NaCl, respectively 25%NaCl, the electrolysis process promote the following reactions: Anode (oxidation): 2Cl−(aq) → Cl2(g) + 2e− Cathode (reduction): 2 H2O(l) + 2e− → H2(g) + 2OH−(aq) Global reaction : 2 NaCl + 2 H2O(l) electroliza 2 NaOH + H2(g) + Cl2(g) Applying the shock waves to a homogeneous liquid, the reactive species occurs: H2O → H · + OH · The following reaction takes place to form hydrogen molecules and hydrogen peroxide: H · + H · → H2 ↑ OH · + OH · → H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide is a source of oxygen through the reaction: 2H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2 ↑ Based on these considerations we can explain the physico-chemical properties of some liquids used in extracorporeal lithotripsy.
An interesting aspect is also noticed with regard to the electrode wear that occurs in the electrode insulator affected by the cavitation phenomenon.
The local pressure and temperature are factors that determine the dissolution of substances within environment in which their action take place.
Enrichment distilled water with 10% NaCl, respectively 25%NaCl, the electrolysis process promote the following reactions: Anode (oxidation): 2Cl−(aq) → Cl2(g) + 2e− Cathode (reduction): 2 H2O(l) + 2e− → H2(g) + 2OH−(aq) Global reaction : 2 NaCl + 2 H2O(l) electroliza 2 NaOH + H2(g) + Cl2(g) Applying the shock waves to a homogeneous liquid, the reactive species occurs: H2O → H · + OH · The following reaction takes place to form hydrogen molecules and hydrogen peroxide: H · + H · → H2 ↑ OH · + OH · → H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide is a source of oxygen through the reaction: 2H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2 ↑ Based on these considerations we can explain the physico-chemical properties of some liquids used in extracorporeal lithotripsy.
An interesting aspect is also noticed with regard to the electrode wear that occurs in the electrode insulator affected by the cavitation phenomenon.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Li Yang, Ge Xia
Factors above jointly affect and control the temperature field on the surface of the sea targets.
Experimental Investigation of Polyurethane Camouflage Coating Using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis.
Study on infrared stealth coatings and their properties.Applied Chemistry department of Southeast University,2006
Experimental Investigation of Polyurethane Camouflage Coating Using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis.
Study on infrared stealth coatings and their properties.Applied Chemistry department of Southeast University,2006
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Xue Lei Tian, Kai Zhang, Hong Liang Zheng, Yu Cheng Sun, Ning Zhang
Iron) is widely used in many industries especially automotive industry in recent years due to its outstanding mechanical properties and moderate cost.
The actual solidification process of S.G.Iron is greatly affected by solidification kinetics, which is not the case of equilibrium solidification.
References [1] M.J.Gough and J.Morgn, Feeding ductile iron castings-some recent experiments, AFS Transations,1975,84,351-384 [2] R.Wlodawer, Gelenkte Erstarrung von Gubeisen,1977 [3] S.I.Karsay, Ductile iron –gating and risering, QIT-Feret Titane Inc. ,1981,121 [4] E.F.Ryntz, R.E.Schroeder, W.W.Chaput, and W.O.Rassenfos, The formation of blowholes in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings, AFS Transaction,1983,91,161-164 [5] J.F.Wallce and P.K.Samal, Factors influencing a shrinkage cavity formation in ductile iron castings, AFS Transactions, 1984, 92,765-784 [6] R.Hummer, Feeding requirements and dilatation during solidification of spheroidal graphite cast iron-conclusions for feeder dimensioning, Gieberei-Praxis,1985,17,241 [7] H.J.Heine, Reducing porosity ,Foundry management&Technology,1992,Feb,72-76 [8] B.C.Liu, Progress in solidification modeling of cast iron in china.
The actual solidification process of S.G.Iron is greatly affected by solidification kinetics, which is not the case of equilibrium solidification.
References [1] M.J.Gough and J.Morgn, Feeding ductile iron castings-some recent experiments, AFS Transations,1975,84,351-384 [2] R.Wlodawer, Gelenkte Erstarrung von Gubeisen,1977 [3] S.I.Karsay, Ductile iron –gating and risering, QIT-Feret Titane Inc. ,1981,121 [4] E.F.Ryntz, R.E.Schroeder, W.W.Chaput, and W.O.Rassenfos, The formation of blowholes in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings, AFS Transaction,1983,91,161-164 [5] J.F.Wallce and P.K.Samal, Factors influencing a shrinkage cavity formation in ductile iron castings, AFS Transactions, 1984, 92,765-784 [6] R.Hummer, Feeding requirements and dilatation during solidification of spheroidal graphite cast iron-conclusions for feeder dimensioning, Gieberei-Praxis,1985,17,241 [7] H.J.Heine, Reducing porosity ,Foundry management&Technology,1992,Feb,72-76 [8] B.C.Liu, Progress in solidification modeling of cast iron in china.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Hong Yan Jiang, Jing Lu Shi
Ultrasonic and its application in medicine
Introduction to ultrasonic
Ultrasonic is a mechanical wave, and its frequency is usually higher than the top limit of human ear hearing (20 KHZ).
Second, it is used for testing the contours of human body’s internal organs as well as the internal structures such as liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, and pancreas, as well as their internal structures, and distinguishing the properties of the lumps.
Air has a great effect on ultrasound and the patients are susceptible to be interfered by many factors such as intestinal gas, so that the examination result is affected.
Second, it is used for testing the contours of human body’s internal organs as well as the internal structures such as liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, and pancreas, as well as their internal structures, and distinguishing the properties of the lumps.
Air has a great effect on ultrasound and the patients are susceptible to be interfered by many factors such as intestinal gas, so that the examination result is affected.
Online since: May 2015
Authors: Laura Diana Cotoros, Mihaela Baritz, Anca Stanciu, Ion Balcu
The automotive vibrations effect on the comfort degree determined at the level of foot-shoe composite structure
BARITZ Mihaela1,a*, BALCU Ioan2,b COTOROS Diana1,c, STANCIU Anca2,d
1University Transilvania Brasov, Product Design and Environment Department, B-ul Eroilor nr.29, 500036 Brasov, Romania
2University Transilvania Brasov, Mechanical Engineering Department, B-ul Eroilor nr.29, 500036 Brasov, Romania
aemail: mbaritz@unitbv.ro, bemail: balcu@unitbv.ro, cemail: dcotoros@unitbv.ro, demail:ancastanciu77@yahoo.com
* corresponding author
Keywords: vibration, comfort degree, foot, composite structure.
Introduction In the biomedical engineering field, one of the important issue is creating mathematical and graphically models that resemble to the human body, in a manner that gives to the researchers the opportunities to recreate, simulate, modeling or analyze movements like walking, running, jumping or stepping over obstacles, or to make studies into stability and equilibrium fields under different conditions like vibrations, noises, flashs, temperature and others. [1] In case of movement of human subjects with a vehicle, their body is subjected to a number of external factors such as vibration, noise or flashing light radiation, that can affect and diminishing reflexes or motor responses.
It results a necessity to model not only the geometry but also the dynamic properties of the vehicle seat [3].
Introduction In the biomedical engineering field, one of the important issue is creating mathematical and graphically models that resemble to the human body, in a manner that gives to the researchers the opportunities to recreate, simulate, modeling or analyze movements like walking, running, jumping or stepping over obstacles, or to make studies into stability and equilibrium fields under different conditions like vibrations, noises, flashs, temperature and others. [1] In case of movement of human subjects with a vehicle, their body is subjected to a number of external factors such as vibration, noise or flashing light radiation, that can affect and diminishing reflexes or motor responses.
It results a necessity to model not only the geometry but also the dynamic properties of the vehicle seat [3].
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Dun Bing Tang, Pei Huang Lou, Hong Bing Wu
Adaptive Dynamic Clone Selection Strategy for Optimization
Wu Hongbing1, 2, a, Lou Peihuang1 and Tang Dunbing1
1College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
2Huaian College of Information Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
awhb3967957@163.com
Keywords: adaptive, Clone Selection Strategy, optimization, affinity, antibody
Abstract.
Basic Definitions of ADCSS We define the self-adaptive control factor and normalize affinity to implement the self-adaptive control of evolutionary parameters mentioned before.
Definition 1 The self-adaptive control factor is (1) Where is current generation times, is the total generation times, and is a control constant.
Table 1 lists the basic properties of these functions
On the other hand, the antibody scale and clonal scale affect the performance of CSA and ADCSS: the smaller the antibody scale and clonal scale are, the larger the probability of immersing into the local optimal values is[15].
Basic Definitions of ADCSS We define the self-adaptive control factor and normalize affinity to implement the self-adaptive control of evolutionary parameters mentioned before.
Definition 1 The self-adaptive control factor is (1) Where is current generation times, is the total generation times, and is a control constant.
Table 1 lists the basic properties of these functions
On the other hand, the antibody scale and clonal scale affect the performance of CSA and ADCSS: the smaller the antibody scale and clonal scale are, the larger the probability of immersing into the local optimal values is[15].
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Hong Wei Li, Gui Chen
Moreover, compared with the MATLAB simulation tools, PSIM has the properties of very small setup capacity (less than 100M bytes), fast operation speed and good expansibility and transplantation (even it can run directly without setup process)[4].Especially, PSIM9.0 and later version add new energy power generation models such as solar cell and wind power generation.
Fig.1 Diagram of basic structure for PDWPS Mathematical model of PDWPS 3.1 power characteristics for wind turbine As a key component of the wind power generation system, the main function of wind turbine is to intercept wind energy and convert the wind energy to the mechanical kinetic energy efficiently.
So, the wind turbine not only affects the effectiveness and stability of the output of the wind power generation system, but also directly decides whether the system can run normally.
The control models and diagram are shown in Fig. 2 based on PSIM. 4.2 Modeling and control strategy in grid side The control objective of inverter in grid side is to make the DC bus voltage more stable and the grid run under unit power factor.
Unity power factor control of a direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous wind-power generator[J].
Fig.1 Diagram of basic structure for PDWPS Mathematical model of PDWPS 3.1 power characteristics for wind turbine As a key component of the wind power generation system, the main function of wind turbine is to intercept wind energy and convert the wind energy to the mechanical kinetic energy efficiently.
So, the wind turbine not only affects the effectiveness and stability of the output of the wind power generation system, but also directly decides whether the system can run normally.
The control models and diagram are shown in Fig. 2 based on PSIM. 4.2 Modeling and control strategy in grid side The control objective of inverter in grid side is to make the DC bus voltage more stable and the grid run under unit power factor.
Unity power factor control of a direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous wind-power generator[J].
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Xiao Hua Zhu, Y.J. Jia, Jin He Li
Dynamics model of the drillstring in deep vertical well
The drillstring vibration system is simplified to multiple-degree of freedom system using the Spring-Mass-Damping(S-M-D) method [7, 8].This model could easily consider the drilling fluid factor, wall boundary and the top-and-bottom conditions.
The hypotheses as follows are introduced according to the structure characters of the whole drillstring system: (1) the drillstring system is inhomogeneous elastic beam, and the drillstring parameters such as geometry size, material properties are constant.
The results show that the bit is approximately next to the wall in drilling, which led bit to appear in each of the four quadrants at different probabilities, thus it affects the cutting of rock and extends to impact the well path.
Nonlineaer Study on Dynamic Action of Integrated Drill String-well Rock System [J].Journal Of Mechanical Engineering, 43(5):145~149(2007,)
Journal Of Mechanical Strength, 28(3):341~345(2006)
The hypotheses as follows are introduced according to the structure characters of the whole drillstring system: (1) the drillstring system is inhomogeneous elastic beam, and the drillstring parameters such as geometry size, material properties are constant.
The results show that the bit is approximately next to the wall in drilling, which led bit to appear in each of the four quadrants at different probabilities, thus it affects the cutting of rock and extends to impact the well path.
Nonlineaer Study on Dynamic Action of Integrated Drill String-well Rock System [J].Journal Of Mechanical Engineering, 43(5):145~149(2007,)
Journal Of Mechanical Strength, 28(3):341~345(2006)
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury, Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman
Deposition on SS 316 at Different Gas Flow Rates using Thermal CVD
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury1,a, Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman2,b
1,2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET) Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh.
The deposition rate which is the prime limiting factor in a CVD process is mainly controlled by the formation of required species to be deposited and its transportation in the vapor and surface kinetics [1].
With its remarkable physical properties, thin film coatings on different substrates are expected to have many applications in industrial and engineering fields.
It is expected that the application of these results will contribute to the different concerned mechanical processes.
Conclusion Gas flow rate and gap between activation heater and substrate significantly affect the deposition rate on SS 316.
The deposition rate which is the prime limiting factor in a CVD process is mainly controlled by the formation of required species to be deposited and its transportation in the vapor and surface kinetics [1].
With its remarkable physical properties, thin film coatings on different substrates are expected to have many applications in industrial and engineering fields.
It is expected that the application of these results will contribute to the different concerned mechanical processes.
Conclusion Gas flow rate and gap between activation heater and substrate significantly affect the deposition rate on SS 316.