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The inner and outer temperatures of the bulk air were measured at certain points with a data logger in conjunction with the RTD thermocouples calibrated within ±0.2 °C deviation by thermostat before being used while twenty four type-K thermocouples were tapped equally along the local top and side walls of the grooved outer tube surface.
Data reduction The Re is given by (1) The f computed by pressure drop across the length of the test section (L) is (2) In the experiment, the steady state of the convective heat transfer rate is assumed to be equal to the heat loss from the test section.
Verification tests depicted in Fig. 2 are in satisfactory agreement with data from the correlations.
The average deviation of the present experimental data is within 5% for Nu and 6% for f.

Fit Variant (reduction of chi-square) achieved value in range (1; 1.1).
The DBS data are also affected by mechanical treatment during the preparation of the samples.
Data for MA 957 were also measured for more samples of this material and its S-W behavior was confirmed.
In further work, these resultant data with data observed for irradiated samples will be compared.

A large number of treatment methods have been applied to remove metal ions from wastewater containing chemical precipitation [8,9], chemical oxidation/reduction [10], membrane separation [11], ion exchange [12], solvent extraction [13-16], electrolysis [17] and adsorption [18].In these methods, adsorption is one of technically easy and the most economically favorable method.
To investigate the mechanism of adsorption, the gathered experimental data was fitted to kinetic models.
The effect of contact time on the removal of Cr (VI) by adsorbent is shown in Fig.1 (b), where the adsorption rate was no significant increase after 90 min, investigating the mechanism of adsorption, kinetic models have been exploited to describe the experimental data.
Fig.2 and Table 1 indicate that pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order model both are fit to the experimental data (R2＞0.98), however the sorption fits better to the pseudo-second-order model (R2=0.9999) than to pseudo-first-order model (R2=0.9975).
(3) The maximum percentremoval could be up to over 99% and the experimental data obeyed pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the chemical sorption is the rate-limiting step

These efforts focused not only on experimental results [2-4], but also on analytical solutions [5-9], and finite element simulation data [10-16].
However, ECAP is a process which imposes very high strains into materials, and for the large strain levels the Bauschinger effect is still observed, but it is due primarily to the effect of stress reversal on dislocation structure untangling and hence reduction of isotropic hardening, not the development of back stress [19].
The material data obeys the following Ludwig's Law: 32.0 *83328 ε σ += (1) where σ is the flow stress, and ε is the equivalent plastic strain.
The little variations are probably due to data collecting errors.
This study aimed to provide certain useful data on the effect of different hardening parameters on the ECAP simulations and accordingly, on ECAP process performance.

Powder X-ray diffraction data were collected at room temperature using a Seimens D5000 diffractometer.
Results Precipitate: All calcium phosphate precipitates were confirmed to be apatite by analysis of XRD data.
XRD data was used to determine that this cement was composed of predominantly brushite and unreacted HA.
However, concentrations above this resulted in a > 65 % reduction in strength, Fig. 2.
Our data also suggest that the strength improvement was microstructural in origin (Fig. 2) since a finer crystal size was observed, though the mechanism may differ.

It is defined in a mathematical architecture to mimic the processed data in the network of neurons similar to human brain.
Its architecture is based upon an open communication structure in combination with the flexible electrical construction elaborating the moderated technology of future based on a new platform for dynamic exchange of data and information [17], [7].
It provides the new service options and modern advantages in ADA for exchanging both data and information in dynamic manner.
Nevertheless, ANNs could be more effective for data prediction in different applications which are constructed in complicated pattern.
Gulez, Neural network based switching control of AC–AC converter with DC–AC inverter for voltage sags, harmonics and EMI reduction using hybrid filter topology, Jornal of Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 16 (2008) 597–612 [2] H.

For this last technique, rectangular rosettes were used, and with help of a Wheatstone bridge, and an acquisition data software.
These data were used as input data to calculate shear stress with torsion loadings of 200 and 300 daN.
Considering input data of plastic calibration constant of 1797 µε /fringe and compensator of 54 value/fringe to minimal visible resolution of 5 value, a shear stress of 13 MPa was obtained.
Ahlquist: Stress reduction in a Gear Tooth using Photoelasticity and Finite Elements Analysis, International Congress on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Orlando, Flórida, June,(2000), p. 5-8

The test data is shown in Fig 1.
The test data is shown in Fig 2.
Fig 2 Shear modulus and temperature relations Analysis of Fig 2 can get the following rules: l The shear modulus of the two kinds bearing in low temperature conditions, the observed data of the shear modulus and shear modulus of the relative error of the maximum values were -12.25%, 10.01%, were less than 15%, satisfy the standard requirement.
l By -45 ˚C drop to -55 ˚C, within the scope of the silicon fat for consistency 4 #, belongs to the "hard" condition, with lower temperature change of the cone into is not big, cone into degrees for -6.7% reduction, consistency level without changing.
Experimental data is shown in Fig 8 and Fig 9.

Temperature corrected equivalent stress-strain curves were calculated from the recorded data using standard procedures [5].
An FEI Sirion FEG SEM fitted with a fully automatic HKL Technology EBSD attachment, including the Nordlys CCD camera, was operated at 15kV to acquire the EBSD data.
Results Flow data.
At a strain of 0.3, there is a reduction in the Fe-30wt%Ni work hardening rate compared with the steel, although both curves tend towards a stress plateau at higher strains.
By increasing the magnification and decreasing the step size for EBSD data acquisition it is also possible to map the substructure within the deformed grains.

However, for thin films specific problems arise, which contribute to a reduction of the diffracted intensity.
Finally, the collected data have to be corrected for the asymmetric scattering geometry.
The data collection for texture analysis at low-incidence angles must take into account two diffraction peak characteristics inherent to the technique: the low counting intensity, which reduces the counting statistic, and the peak broadening that may lead to loss of information in the detector window.
The location correction evidences a "blind" zone in the central area of the pole figures where the data cannot be collected.
Therefore, some authors have proposed only taking diffraction data at these texture poles; this is called the crystallite group method [1].