Search results

Inverse rule of mixture [1] and Halpin-Tsai [2] formula have been used for predicting of transverse stiffness of lamina; however comparison with the experimental data indicated the results obtained using both methods represent the lower and upper estimates for the transverse stiffness values respectively for glass-epoxy composites [1].
The accuracy of the results predicted by the above FE models has been verified through correlation with both theoretical and experimental data [7].
A data file containing the deformed model becomes the starting file to which any magnitudes and configurations of transverse mechanical loading is applied prior to its reprocessing in a static or dynamic mode.
This reduction of stiffness with longer loading times can be observed from the stress-strain relations that were obtained for various loading intervals and plotted together on a single graph, as shown in the Figure 4.
· Predictions of transverse stiffness using models having unbonded interfaces agree better with the experimental data than predictions with bonded interfaces

Results and analysis 2.1 The regression equation Using DPS data processing system fit the experiment data by the way of quadratic regression and orthogonal rotation combination test counting.The regression equation as follows: Y=77.06250-4.69914X1+3.43848X2 -2.31875X12+4.38125X22 -2.25000X1X2 (1) 2.2 Significance test for quadratic-regression model In order to verify the effectiveness of regression equation, it followed the testing procedures, F1= fit mean square / error mean square, F2= regression mean square /residual mean square, F3= regression mean square / error mean square.
F2 was extremely significant at 0.01 level (F0.01(5,10)=5.64＜F 2＝12.575), showing that the cooperation of equation and experimental data was applicable, and it could be employed to establish the model.
Table 2 Test results and variance analysis variation sources square sum degrees of freedom mean square ratio F P value regression 488.0657 5 97.6131 F2=12.575 0.0060 surplus 77.6236 10 7.7624 lack of fit 57.1648 3 19.0549 F1=6.520 0.0102 error 20.4588 7 2.9227 summation 565.6894 15 According to Table2,regression equation after be reduced on the α=0.10 level of significance except indistinctive item as follow: Y= 77.06250-4.69914X1+3.43848X2-2.31875X12 +4.38125X22 (2) The correlation coefficient between the removal rate of P in the sewage and the diameter as well as the thickness R2= regression quadratic sum /total sum of square =0.8628, showing that the influences of the two factors in this mathematical model on the removal rate of P was about 86.28%, while both the influences of other factors and error occupied 13.72%. 2.4 Effect analysis 2.4.1 Effect analysis for main factors Any factor was fixed at the zero level with “reduction
Conclusion (1) With the theory and method of regression design, the experiment condition was optimized through the DPS data processing system: the diameter was 10.94mm, while the filling thickness was 100.45mm.

Table 1 shows the national production data for primary aluminum.
National production data for primary aluminum.
Composição 2014 2015 - Employees (31/12) 501.469 494.708 - Direct 122.839 114.072 - Indirect 378.630 380.636 Revenue (R $ billion) (1) 56,3 56,4 - Participation in GDP (%) 1,1 1,1 - Participation in Industrial GDP (%) 4,8 4,9 Investments (R $ billion) (1) 1,9 2,1 Taxes paid (R $ billion) (1)(2) 11,3 11,3 Production of Primary Aluminum (1000 t) 962 772 Domestic Consumption of Aluminum Transformers (1000 t) 1.430 1.309 Per Capita Consumption (kg / inhab / year) 7,0 6,4 Export (1000 t) (weight of aluminum) 457 453 Import (1000 t) (weight of aluminum) 636 618 Commercial Balance of the Aluminum Industry (US $ million FOB) (3) - Exports 3.941 3.941 - Imports 2.009 1.764 - Balance 1.932 2.177 Share of Aluminum Exports in Brasilian Exports (%) 1.8 2.1 Note: (1) Estimates based on ABAL and Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade data. (2) Includes Taxes on production, consumption and property. (3) Includes Bauxite and Alumina.
Table 2 shows the production data of processed aluminum products.
The reduction of the microhardness in the ZTA, as observed in Figure 2, occurs due to the local solubilization of the precipitates [2].

Experimentally calculated mass transfer characteristics for the system "2 % MgCl2 solution – cement concrete" Name of the indicator τ, [days] 14 28 42 56 70 Flow density of "free Ca(OH)2" in the sample, [kg/(m2·s)] 4.29∙10-7 3.00∙10-7 1.13∙10-7 1.07∙10-7 3.39∙10-8 Flux density of Mg2+ in the liquid, [kg/(m2·s)] 2.60∙10-8 4.43∙10-8 5.12∙10-8 5.15∙10-8 5.97∙10-9 Mass conductivity coefficient, [m2/s] 2.26∙10-9 1.73∙10-9 6.94∙10-10 7.27∙10-10 2.61∙10-10 The obtained data show that in the initial period the mass flow of the transferred component is maximum and then significantly decreases.
According to the data obtained using a mathematical model of corrosion of second types of concrete, it was found that the decomposition of highly basic components of cement stone begins after 2,5 years of exposure to the environment [20].
These data confirm the calculated results of determining the concentration of chloride ions necessary to start the corrosion process on the surface of the reinforcement in concrete during liquid corrosion.
Using the method of corrosion measurements, experimental data were obtained for reinforcement samples in 2 % MgCl2 solution.
Kim, Reduction effect of toxic substances for apartment buildings with an ecofriendly pre-cast composite structural system, Indoor and Built Environment. 22 (2013) 110-116

The physical parameters of the equation governing these characteristics was determined by the effective iteration method using only the information in the data sheet.
The analyzes of the characteristics of these modules, as well as the values of their degradation factors, showed a marked reduction in their performances, in particular, the maximum powers and the form factors.
Fig.3 represented a comparison between the experimental curve and UDTS-50W PV module simulation based on experimental input data (T = 40°C et G=900 w/m²).
PV UDTS-50W modules degradation analysis The evaluation of the degradation requires the external measurements conversion to the STC in accordance with the International Electro-technical Commission Standard (IEC 60891) [12], that is for comparison with the reference data (nominal data) given by the photovoltaic module manufacturer.

Key grinding relationships were analysed along with experimental data in developing the crankshaft pin force grinding models.
Experimental Verification The required data to experimental validate the force crankshaft pin grinding models was obtained on a Landis 6 pin cylindrical crankshaft pin grinder using a Norton 53A54LVS specified grinding wheel.
The analog signals from the strain gauges were converted to digital signals and then converted to computer format by a data-logging card.
The data was later processed to a force reading.
It should also be noted that a reduction in system stiffness also decreases the actual grinding velocity produced, hence the actual distance being ground, which explains why the lower system stiffness values in Fig. 7 take longer to grind the crankshaft pin then the higher values.

Table 1 Skeleton dense type aggregate synthetic grading Mesh size mm) 31.5 19 9.5 4.75 2.36 0.6 0.075 synthetic grading 99.6 81.1 50.5 26.4 17.6 9.0 3.1 upper limit 100 86 58 32 28 15 3 Lower limit 100 68 38 22 16 8 0 Figure 1 Synthetic grading curve Data Analysis The test uses a plurality of cement dosage, to stabilize the powder and mixed with 20% gravel with 1%, 2%, 3 %, 5%, 6%, five cement dosage, of gravel mixed with 40% of 1%, 3%, 5%, 6% four cement dose, determined by heavy compaction test cement dose optimum moisture content and maximum dry density as follows in Table 2 and figure 2.
Table 3 Unconfined compressive strength test results (Mpa) cement dosage（%） 1 2 3 5 6 stable powder 0.95 1.91 2.69 4.04 5.17 gravel mixed with 20% 1.27 2.47 3.39 5.46 6.22 gravel mixed with 40% 1.48 3.66 6.58 7.58 Figure 3 The relationship between unconfined compressive strength and cement dose and gravel mixing amount Table 4 Unconfined compressive strength and cement dose linear relationship linear relation correlation coefficient R2 stable powder Y=0.8067X+0.2091 0.9937 gravel mixed with 20% Y=0.991X+0.3924 0.9971 gravel mixed with 40% Y=1.2519X+0.1305 0.9957 Jilai highway subbase design strength is 2 Mpa[1], and cement stabilized powder in a dose of 3 % cement according to the test results that can meet the design requirements, gravel mixed with 20% or gravel mixed with 40% in a dose of 2 % cement also be able to meet the requirements, that is mixed with a certain amount of gravel can meet the design strength of the cement dose reduction.
Cost Analysis Obtained by the analysis of the test data to meet the requirements of the design strength by mixing a certain amount of gravel, and adding a certain amount of gravel can make the cement dosage reduced, gravel unit price is higher than the powder price, so the need for a variety mixed material cost analysis, the unit price of the various materials is based on the end of 2005 surveys.
According to the analysis of the production of raw materials, mixed with 20% gravel still can not solve the problem of insufficient powder production, and affect the stability of the mixture when mixed with small amount of gravel above data analysis, and therefore do not recommend mixing 20% of the amount of gravel .If mixed with 30% gravel, through the unconfined compressive strength of the interpolation show that when the cement dose is 3%, the unconfined compressive strength can meet the design requirements, the interpolation can be obtained maximum dry density of the maximum dry density of 2.281g/cm3, its cost analysis results is 42.75 yuan/ m3 (only consider the price of materials), a slight increase compared to cement stable powder cost, materials prices increased by 1.512 yuan.
Figure 4 Construction site Summary On the face of the cement stabilized powder and mixed with 20%, 40% gravel test data analysis, and various cost analysis, preliminary conclusions are as follows: (1) instead of powder mixed with a certain amount of gravel is feasible, the same cement dose mixed with gravel mixture unconfined compressive strength than stable powder , cement doses meet the strength requirements slightly there are reduced; (2) With the increasing amount of gravel mixed with within a certain range, the maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength are also increasing, and the trend is more and more obvious, when the mixing amount is small due to mixture distribution of the gravel mixture larger changes likely to cause the mixture quality unstable; (3)The cost analysis, mixed with a certain amount of gravel has little effect on the material cost, the comprehensive technical and economic factors, recommend adding gravel content is 30%, cement dosage is 2%

Introduction In recent years the emergence of new structural concepts, in particular, frame-monolithic construction required the development of new innovative materials and technologies to strengthen the above-mentioned structures, under the condition of the necessary energy and materials consumption reduction of new developments.
Experimental Program and Research Results The main objective of this study is to conduct a detailed analysis of the test data, based on the experimental samples made reinforced and tested by the authors on a single technique.
Materials employed characteristics and other data are detailed in [16-18].
Their ratio is called the  amplification coefficient - Summary The data analysis given in columns 5, 6, 7, 9 of table 1 allows to mark the following: - For flexible struts, each of the variable factors-the options for transverse and longitudinal reinforcement and, in particular, the eccentricity of the load application, had a greater impact than the short struts on the change in bearing capacity.
The obtained experimental data show that flexible reinforced concrete elements strengthened by external composite reinforcement and tested under the eccentricity of load application , which is not reflected in the requirements (i.e. within the inequality 0.1h<<0.3h), showed the possibility of the composite amplification within 20-30% compared to standard samples depending on the amplification options.

The control potential "a" can be determined after each engine test in the moment  1 using data obtained during the test in the moment  0 and data obtained during the test in the moment  1 as well as data concerning carried out adjustment actions u.
In the case of maintenance actions based only on "tracking" transfer functions (4) and (5), and carried out in the moments  0 and  1 from (15) we get the practical formula:  a  y1  y0 1  0 res y0  ˆ a u1  (16) where: 1Θy - value of the functional signal for  1 before adjustment (for the investigated example 1Θy =0,8), 0Θy - value of the functional signal for  0 and  1 after adjustment (for the investigated example 0Θy =1), resΘ - service life,  ˆ a - intensity of influence of the control unit on the functional signal (e.g. 20% y for 2.5 revolutions of the setting unit u), 1Θu - number of revolutions of the setting unit required for reduction of 1Θy to 0Θy (e.g. 2.5 revolutions of the setting unit u).
For above presented exemplary data the value of the parameter  a=0.17 means that the engine, which before adjustment lost 0.2 of its functional value, lost also 0.17 of its control potential.

Furthermore, SiO2 is used in the production of sensors and light signal converters. [2] Nano and micro-wires silicon oxide are synthesized using several techniques as laser ablation [3], chemical vapor deposition [4], vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) [5], oxide assisted growth mechanism [6], hydrothermal synthesis [7], carbo-thermal reduction synthesis catalytic thermal decomposition [8], bamboo pyrolysis thermal evaporation and thermal oxidation [9], catalytic pyrolysis with polymeric precursor [10], thermic evaporation [11], and metal thin film catalysis [12].
The XRD data is obtained for the amorphous SiO2 powder that depends on the etchant (KOH) concentration and the sonication time).
That's assured by XRD data.
The Raman spectrum of the as-synthesized material confirmed SiO2 formation that is in line with XRD and FTIR data.
SEM data revealed that the SiO2 nanoparticles and nano-clusters are present, in addition, micro-wires and micro-ribbons which is depending on the connection time between the precipitated powder and the etching solution.