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For benefit of percolation, there are several treatments of concentration transitions from the SmA phase in elastomers, given in [4,7] based on X-ray experiments and estimations in frames of the coarse-grained modeling and speculations on the replica approach.
Then from the expression , (1) we have, that an even number of the plaquettes must be frustrated in a cube c, and the complexes of dual (d−2)-cells to the frustrated plaquettes can not end in any cube.
(4) Here pij are winding numbers lengthwise a loop, and mean phases in given lattice sites.denotes the integral over the link variables.
Coulomb interactions between currents and monopoles are straight to the linking number of currents.

Although not as widely known or understood as other NDE techniques, microwave NDE has proven to be very useful in certain applications because of a number of advantages.
Microwave signals can penetrate deep inside low-conductivity dielectric materials and interact with their inner structure without suffering from high attenuation due to the grain size of a composite material .
Schematic representation for a medium consisting of a layer of dielectric plate and a layer of delaminating, all backed by a conduction plate Electric field expressions in each layer are given by the following expressions, respectively (subscripts i and r denote incident and reflected fields, n represents the layer number): By applying boundary conditions and solving the equations, the reflection coefficient Г and its phase Φ at the sensor aperture can be written as Where, Where, n=-1,1,2,3; , , , are the phase constant , the characteristic impedance, the equivalent impedance and the permittivity of the nth layer, respectively.
When the standoff distance is equal to the whole number times of half wavelength, this frequency is sensitive frequency.

Fig. 1 The curve of grain-size cumulative distribution of tailings It could be seen from the Fig. 1 that particle size of tailings less than 25μm accounted for 56.7% and less than 75μm accounted for 78.7%, the tailings of Daye mine belonged to extremely fine ones.
It could be seen from Fig. 6(b) that a large number of rod AFT and fibrous C-S-H were generated during the beginning period of hydration reaction.
The hydration products were mainly consisted of acicular and rod AFt as well as a small number of lump Ca(OH)2 and fibrous C-S-H, hydrates didn’t yet fully crystallized into the crystalline hydrates.
Hydrates were mainly distributed in the pores and the main products were needle-like AFt and fibrous C-S-H and some times there was a small number of blocky Ca(OH)2 among them. however ,when the age was 28d, the hydration reaction was in the late period, the needle-like AFt were less, other wise, the floc C-S-H and platy Ca(OH)2 were more.

The establishment of the above-mentioned model requires making a linear regression analysis of a large number of Taylor factors at sampling points.
The Taylor factor ( )g,DpgM is defined here as the microscopic work rate normalized by the critical resolved shear stress cτ of slip system, which is assumed to be the same for all the slip systems of all grains in the polycrystal, that is , ( )= ( ) g,D g,Dpp p g c g c M w τ & .
The strain rate tensor is written as: () ( ) 1D P N α α α γ==∑ & (14) where ()αγ& is the shear rate and N the number of slip system.
In particular, when m approaches a small value, i.e., 0.005, a strong nonlinearity with Eq.(17) is observed, and an arbitrarily chosen trial solution will make it difficult to find solutions at so large a number of sampling points (49 210 000).

Table.1 Comparative of the farmer's income of raising chickens between the "Lihua pattern" and the "market transaction pattern" Variable sample number the means of raising chickens income（ ） million yuan "Lihua pattern" 70 5.685 "market transaction" 179 0.754 analysis of means DIF=MEAN（ VAR2） -MEAN（ VAR1） alternative hypothesis P value Ha： DIF!
Table 2 Comparative of the farmer's income of raising chickens between the "Lihua pattern" and the "Cooperative organization + peasant household pattern" Variable sample number the means of raising chickens income（ ） million yuan "Lihua pattern" 70 5.685 "Cooperative organization + peasant household pattern" 110 1.179 analysis of means DIF=MEAN（ VAR2） -MEAN（ VAR1） alternative hypothesis P value Ha： DIF!
Table 3 Comparative of the farmer's income of raising chickens between the "Lihua pattern" and the "company + peasant household patternv'' Variable sample number the means of raising chickens income（ million yuan） "Lihua pattern" 70 5.685 "company + peasant household pattern'' 63 2.240 analysis of means DIF=MEAN（ VAR2） -MEAN（ VAR1） alternative hypothesis P value Ha： DIF!
A study on breach of faith question and the countermeasure of contract in the agricultural industrial production management[J].Grain question research（ 2007） [3] Niu ruofeng.

The continuous process leads to alternating contact conditions, so that the number of left and right tooth flanks which are in contact with the worm changes periodically.
On the other hand the dressing spindle must be capable of delivering the necessary power even at a low number of revolutions in order to decrease the dressing speed ratio further on.
As it can be seen in Fig. 2 (bottom right), by reducing the number of revolutions of the dressing spindle nR to about 1000 min -1 and increasing the dressing speed vcd up to about 10 m/s a dressing speed ratio in the desired range of values can be set.
Thus using this kind of worms is particularly suitable and cost-effective for both finishing and, with coarse grain sizes, also for roughing operations in a small and medium batch size production.

This would write the following two reaction equations: C10H8 → 10Csoot+4H2 (6) C4H2 → 4Csoot+H2 (7) kA2 =kC4H2=1.0×107exp(-5000/RT ) Both the total package reaction to remove a large number of intermediate species and reaction details, this will reduce the computation time, but also provides a determined carbon initial surface area of grain quality and simple way for follow-up of the surface growth and particle number density of the initial calculation.
The swirl was set to 0.5 times the number of revolution of the engine (r/min) which corresponds to the measured swirl.

They are attributed to the amorphous nature of the mentioned alloys, i.e. to the lack of local corrosion cells, the absence of grain boundaries and crystal defects which are the places attacked by the aggressive factors of crystalline alloys.
Kita [29-31] studied the mechanism of the electrolytic evolution of hydrogen in relation to the periodic changes of the overpotential in hydrogen evolution together with the atomic number of the electrode metals.
Therefore, it became more convenient to use a theoretical study about the adsorption on the amorphized surfaces with active centres having a different coordination number.
The hardness depends on the number of the phases mentioned and the size of their crystallites.

Table 1 Calculation of the Machinability Aspect Grain Size Elastic modulus Hardness Toughness Threshold bg [μm] E [GPa] Hv [GPa] KIC [MPa∙m1/2] P* [N] ZrO2 1.5 200 12.7 10.0 976 Si3N4 0.5 - 2 290 17.5 6.8 79 Al2O3 2 - 10 303 18.9 4.0 7 SiC 4 415 23.0 3.5 2 The Threshold of the Lateral Fracture Generation.
The specific normal grinding force F’n is related to the average normal force per grit, p, as (3) where Nkin is total number of active grits per unit area, ae is the grinding depth and de is the equivalent wheel diameter [8].
According to Tönshoff et al. [9] the number of active grits per unit area can be estimated as (4) where cgw is a constant associated with the topography of the grinding wheel; vw and vs are the workpiece and wheel speeds, respectively.
Ramsdell used a numeral to represent the number of layers in the unit cell, to which is added the letter H, R, or C to specify the lattice symmetry, and to indicate a hexagonal, rhombohedral or cubic cell.

The key feature that permits the semi-solid shaping of alloys is a dendrite-free microstructure, with globular α-Al grains dispersed in a low melting point matrix phase [5,6], which may be handled like a solid, but flows readily when sheared.
Average length, average distance, and the number per unit area of β-needles are represented in fig 7.
In fig 7c, by increasing the iron content, the number of needles per unit area has enhanced.
Fig. 7: a) Average length of β -Al5FeSi needles (µm) b) Average distance of β -Al5FeSi needles (µm) c) Number of needles per mm² in the samples produced by as-cast, cooling slope and thixoforming processes.